OGG——简单部署

Golden Gate Software自从被Oracle公司收购后，就代替了Oracle的Stream Replication还有Logic Standby技术成为了逻辑复制技术的首选。Golden Gate支持的数据库和操作系统平台也是颇为广泛，使得Golden Gate在跨平台跨数据库的数据迁移领域，也有着重要地位。

本文将配置对于Oracle数据库的支持DDL语句的单向数据复制技术的配置做详细的介绍。

环境介绍：

Operate System: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.5

Database Version: Oracle 11g Release 2

Golden Gate Version: 11 Release 2

Source SID: ora11g01

Source IP Address: 172.25.0.30

Target SID: ora11g02

Target IP Address: 172.25.0.40

一、Oracle Golden Gate原理简介：

与传统的逻辑复制技术相同，Oracle GoldenGate的实现也是通过抽取source端的online redo log或者archive log通过TCP/IP协议传输到Target端，之后在目标端解析应用语句，从而达到了数据复制的效果： 

                            

    
上图则是Oracle GoldenGate的架构图。

Manager: Manger进程是OGG的管理进程，起作用是启动、监控、重启OGG的其他进程，报告错误以及事件，分配存储空间等等。

Extract: 运行在Source端，负责从数据表或者日志中补获数据。

Pump: 一种特殊的Extract进程，将数据的变化量通过TCP/IP协议以block的形式发送到目标端的指定位置，如果不使用trail文件，那么这个过程则是Extract进程捕获数据变化直接传递到Target端。

Trail: 为了更加安全和有效的投递事务信息和数据变化，OGG引入了trail文件的概念，Extract会将数据的变化抽取并生成trail文件(就像OGG格式的归档)，又Pump进程传输到Target端。建议OGG开始Trail的功能。

Replicate: 简而言之，就是将Extract或者Pump传递过来的数据变化，及时的重组和应用到目标端的数据库。

二、Oracle Golden Gate的部署

Source端:

1.创建ogg安装目录:

[oracle@ora11g01 ~]$ mkdir -p /u01/ggs/11.2.0

2.解包ogg文件:

[oracle@ora11g01 ~]$ cd /u01/ggs/11.2.0

[oracle@ora11g01 ~]$ tar -zvof ogg112101_fbo_ggs_Linux_x86_ora11g\

.tar

3.设置环境变量

[oracle@ora11g01 ~]$ vi ~/.bash_profile

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/u01/ggs/11.2.0:$PATH

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local

/lib:/u01/ggs/11.2.0

4.创建工作目录

[oracle@ora11g01 ~]$ pwd

/u01/ggs/11.2.0

[oracle@ora11g01 ~]$ggsci

GGSCI(ora11g01.us.oracle.com)> create subdirs

5.数据库开启归档模式和附加日志

SQL> archive log list 

SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_1=‘localtion=/home/oracle\

flash’;

System Altered.

SQL> alter database add supplemental log data;

Database Altered.

SQL> shutdown immediate;

SQL> startup mount;

SQL> alter database archivelog;

Database altered.

6.创建ogg管理用户

SQL> create user ggs identified by ggs;

User Created.

SQL> grant connect,resource to ggs;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> grant execute on utl_file to ggs;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> grant select any dictionary,select any table to ggs;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> grant alter any table to ggs;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> grant flashback any table to ggs;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> grant execute on DBMS_FLASHBACK to ggs;

Grant succeeded.

7.添加表级别trandata

GGSCI(ora11g01.us.oracle.com)> dblogin userid ggs,password ggs

Successfully logged into database.

GGSCI(ora11g01.us.oracle.com)> add trandata njl.*

8.配置manager进程组

GGSCI(ora11g01.us.oracle.com)> edit params mgr

port 7809

dynamicportlist 7800-8000

autorestart extract *,waitminutes 2,retries 5

 

GGSCI(ora11g01.us.oracle.com)> start mgr

Manager Started.

GGSCI(ora11g01.us.oracle.com)> info all

观察Manager进程的Status是RUNNING则配置成功。

9.配置Extract进程组

GGSCI(ora11g01.us.oracle.com)> edit params ext01

extract ext01

dynamicresolution

userid ggs,password ggs

setenv(ORACLE_SID=ora11g01)

exttrail /u01/ggs/11.2.0/dirdat/et

table njl.*;

GGSCI(ora11g01.us.oracle.com)> add exttrail /u01/ggs/11.2.0/\

dirdat/et,extract ext01

GGSCI(ora11g01.us.oracle.com)> start extract ext01

Extract ext01 starting …

GGSCI(ora11g01.us.oracle.com)> info all

10.配置Pump进程组

GGSCI(ora11g01.us.oracle.com)> edit params pump01

extract pump01

dynamicresolution

userid ggs,password ggs

rmthost 172.25.0.40,mgrport 7809,compress

rmttrail /u01/ggs/11.2.0/dirdat/pt

table njl.*;

GGSCI(ora11g01.us.oracle.com)> add extract pump01,exttrail /u01\

/ggs/11.2.0/dirdat/et 

EXTRACT added.

GGSCI(ora11g01.us.oracle.com)> add rmttrail /u01/ggs/11.2.0/dirdat\

/pt,extract pump01

GGSCI(ora11g01.us.oracle.com)> start extract pump01

GGSCI(ora11g01.us.oracle.com)> info all

11.初始化数据

由于在target数据库中并没有原始的数据，我们需要选定一个scn点，来抽取当时的数据，来完成数据的初始化任务，使得目标端数据库有相应的表来供replicate进程应用数据。

这里我们选用expdp来做初始化。

SQL> create directory njl as ‘/home/oracle’;

Directory Created.

SQL> grant all on directory njl to public;

Grant Succeeded.

SQL> select current_scn from v$database;

[oracle@ora11g01 ~] expdp \’/ as sysdba\’ directory=njl 

dumpfile=ogg.dmp logfile=ogg.log schemas=NJL 

flashback_scn=current_scn

[oracle@ora11g01 ~] scp /home/oracle/ogg.dmp oracle@172.25.0.40:~

SQL(Target DB)> create directory njl as ‘/home/oracle’;

Directory Created.

SQL(Target DB)> grant all on directory njl to public;

Grant Succeeded. 

[oracle@ora11g02 ~]impdp \’/ as sysdba\’ directory=njl

dumpfile=ogg.dmp logfile=ogg.log full=y

Target端:

1.创建ogg管理用户，同source端操作

2.添加checkpoint表

[oracle@ora11g01 ~] pwd

/u01/ggs/11.2.0

GGSCI(ora11g02.us.oracle.com)> edit params ./GLOBALS

checkpointtable ggs.checkpoint

GGSCI(ora11g02.us.oracle.com)> exit

[oracle@ora11g01 ~]ggsci

GGSCI(ora11g02.us.oracle.com)> dblogin userid ggs,password ggs

Successfully logged into database.

GGSCI(ora11g02.us.oracle.com)> add checkpointtable

Successfully created checkpoint table table ggs.checkpoint.

3.配置manager进程

GGSCI(ora11g02.us.oracle.com)> edit params mgr

port 7809

dynamicportlist 7800-8000

autostart er *

autorestart extract *,waitminutes 2,retries 5

lagreporthours 1

laginfominutes 3

lagcriticalminutes 5

purgeoldextracts /u01/ggs/11.2.0/dirdat/rt*,usecheckpoints,minkeep\

days 3

GGSCI(ora11g02.us.oracle.com)> start mgr

Manager started.

GGSCI(ora11g02.us.oracle.com)> info all

4.配置replicate

GGSCI(ora11g02.us.oracle.com)> edit params repl

replicat repl

userid ggs,password ggs

assumetargetdefs

reperror default,discard

discardfile /u01/ggs/11.2.0/dirrpt/repl.dsc,append,megabytes 50

dynamicresolution

map njl.* njl.*;

GGSCI(ora11g02.us.oracle.com)> add replicat repl ,exttrail /u01/\

ggs/11.2.0/dirdat/pt

REPLICAT added.

GGSCI(ora11g02.us.oracle.com)> start replicat repl,aftercsn xxxx;

REPLICATE REPL starting …

GGSCI(ora11g02.us.oracle.com)> info all

支持DML语句的OGG配置完毕，自行进行数据的校验。

Oracle Golden Gate配置支持DDL:

Source端:

SQL> alter system set recyclebin=‘off’ scope=spfile

System Altered.

SQL> create tablespace ggs datafile ‘/u01/app/oracle\

/oradata/ora11g01/ggs01.dbf’ size 100M autoextend on;

SQL> alter user ggs default tablespace ggs;

SQL> startup force(这个步骤建议在之前配置DML支持的时候就做\

由于本文讲解的是分开配置，所以在这里做此提示)

GGSCI(ora11g01.us.oracle.com)> edit params ./GLOBALS

ggschema ggs

GGSCI(ora11g01.us.oracle.com)> @marker_setup.sql

输入ggs(之后的所有脚本都输入ggs,ggs是ogg的管理用户)

GGSCI(ora11g01.us.oracle.com)> @ddl_setup.sql

GGSCI(ora11g01.us.oracle.com)> @role_setup.sql

SQL(Source DB)> grant ggs_ggsuser_role to ggs;

Grant Succeeded.

GGSCI(ora11g01.us.oracle.com)> @ddl_enable.sql

GGSCI(ora11g01.us.oracle.com)> @marker_status.sql

GGSCI(ora11g01.us.oracle.com)> edit params ext01

添加 ddl include all

GGSCI(ora11g01.us.oracle.com)> edit params pump01

添加 ddl include all

重启相关进程后，开始进行DDL支持的测试。

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