Java Annotaion认识

Annotation是现在大部分框架都在使用的技术，并且Java官方也在5.0版本加入支持；

以前做项目时候，经常接触到这个annotation技术，但就是不理解原理，

今天学习了，总结如下：

annotation是对类、属性、方法、参数等而外增加的限制条件，通过Java的反射机制，

读取这些对象的注释（annotation），就可以更好的控制使用这些对象，

从而解耦了操作逻辑和业务逻辑，让我们更关注业务逻辑实现功能；

例子如下：

package com.funo.webreport.annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface DBTable {
    public String name() default "";
}

 

package com.funo.webreport.annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface Constraints {
    public boolean primaryKey() default false;

    public boolean allowNull() default true;

    public boolean unique() default false;
}

 

package com.funo.webreport.annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface SQLString {
    public int value() default 0;

    public String name() default "";

    public Constraints constraints() default @Constraints;
}

 

package com.funo.webreport.annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface SQLInt {
    public String name() default "";
    public Constraints constraints() default @Constraints;
}

 

package com.funo.webreport.annotation;

@DBTable()
public class User {

    @SQLString(value = 32, name = "u_id",
            constraints = @Constraints(
                    primaryKey = true, unique = true, allowNull = false))
    private String id;

    @SQLString(value = 10, name = "u_name")
    private String name;

    @SQLString(value = 30, name = "u_password")
    private String password;

    @SQLInt(name = "u_age")
    private int age;

    public void setId(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getId() {
        return this.id;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return this.name;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return this.password;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return this.age;
    }
}

package com.funo.webreport.annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

public class TestFrame {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Class userClass = User.class;
        DBTable dbTable = (DBTable) userClass.getAnnotation(DBTable.class);
        String dbTableName = userClass.getSimpleName();
        if (dbTable == null) {
            return;
        }
        if (dbTable.name().length() > 0) {
            dbTableName = dbTable.name().toUpperCase();
        }
        StringBuffer createSql = new StringBuffer("CREATE TABLE " + dbTableName + "(");
        Field[] fields = userClass.getDeclaredFields();
        List<String> colDef = new ArrayList<String>();
        for (Field field : fields) {
            Annotation[] annotions = field.getAnnotations();
            if (annotions.length < 1) {
                continue;
            }
            for (Annotation anno : annotions) {
                String colName = field.getName().toUpperCase();
                if (anno instanceof SQLString) {
                    SQLString sqlStr = (SQLString) anno;
                    if (sqlStr.name().length() > 0) {
                        colName = sqlStr.name().toUpperCase();
                    }
                    int len = sqlStr.value();
                    colDef.add(colName + " " + "varchar(" + len + ")" + getConstraints(sqlStr.constraints()));
                } else if (anno instanceof SQLInt) {
                    SQLInt sqlInt = (SQLInt) anno;
                    if (sqlInt.name().length() > 0) {
                        colName = sqlInt.name().toUpperCase();
                    }
                    colDef.add(colName + " " + " int " + getConstraints(sqlInt.constraints()));
                }
            }
        }
        Iterator<String> it = colDef.iterator();
        while (it.hasNext()) {
            createSql.append("\n " + it.next() + ",");
        }
        String cmd = createSql.substring(0, createSql.length() - 1);
        cmd += ");";
        System.out.println(cmd);
    }

    private static String getConstraints(Constraints constraints) {
        String cons = "";
        if (!constraints.allowNull()) {
            cons += " not null ";
        }
        if (constraints.primaryKey()) {
            cons += " primary key ";
        }
        if (constraints.unique()) {
            cons += " unique ";
        }
        return cons;
    }
}

 

输出结果：

CREATE TABLE User(
 U_ID varchar(32) not null  primary key  unique ,
 U_NAME varchar(10),
 U_PASSWORD varchar(30),
 U_AGE  int );