Observer Design Pattern in C# and VB_NET

观察者设计模式（Observer Design Pattern）

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适用场合 观察者模式适合的情况是对象之间是一对多的依赖，在这种情况下，如果一个对象改变了状态，它的依赖的对象被通知到，同时自动改变状态 使用的频率: 高

UML 类图

参与者

在模式中参与的类和对象是:

• Subject (Stock)
  • 知道它的观察者. 所有的观察对象能观察到一个subject
  • 为添加和删除观察对象提供一个接口.
• ConcreteSubject (IBM)
  • 储存感兴趣的subject 到ConcreteObserver
  • 当状态改变的时候，发送通知到它的观察者
• Observer (IInvestor)
  • 为所有对象定义一个更新接口，以致subject的状态改变能被同治到.
• ConcreteObserver (Investor)
  • 维护一个到 ConcreteSubject 对象的参考
  • 储存状态达到和subject的状态保持一致
  • 实施观察者接口来达到和subject的状态保持一致

简单的代码（c#）

下面的结构型代码论证了观察者设计模式，当状态改变的时候，对象能被通知到和改变.

// Observer pattern -- Structural example

using System; using System.Collections; namespace DoFactory.GangOfFour.Observer.Structural { // MainApp test application class MainApp { static void Main() { // Configure Observer pattern ConcreteSubject s = new ConcreteSubject(); s.Attach( new ConcreteObserver(s,"X")); s.Attach( new ConcreteObserver(s,"Y")); s.Attach( new ConcreteObserver(s,"Z")); // Change subject and notify observers s.SubjectState = "ABC"; s.Notify(); // Wait for user Console.Read(); } } // "Subject" abstract class Subject { private ArrayList observers = new ArrayList(); public void Attach(Observer observer) { observers.Add(observer); } public void Detach(Observer observer) { observers.Remove(observer); } public void Notify() { foreach (Observer o in observers) { o.Update(); } } } // "ConcreteSubject" class ConcreteSubject : Subject { private string subjectState; // Property public string SubjectState { get{ return subjectState; } set{ subjectState = value; } } } // "Observer" abstract class Observer { public abstract void Update(); } // "ConcreteObserver" class ConcreteObserver : Observer { private string name; private string observerState; private ConcreteSubject subject; // Constructor public ConcreteObserver( ConcreteSubject subject, string name) { this.subject = subject; this.name = name; } public override void Update() { observerState = subject.SubjectState; Console.WriteLine("Observer {0}'s new state is {1}", name, observerState); } // Property public ConcreteSubject Subject { get { return subject; } set { subject = value; } } } }

Output Observer X's new state is ABC Observer Y's new state is ABC Observer Z's new state is ABC

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下面是一个现实世界的代码，它论证了不管股票价值何时改变，注册的对象能被通知到.

// Observer pattern -- Real World example

using System; using System.Collections; namespace DoFactory.GangOfFour.Observer.RealWorld { // MainApp test application class MainApp { static void Main() { // Create investors Investor s = new Investor("Sorros"); Investor b = new Investor("Berkshire"); // Create IBM stock and attach investors IBM ibm = new IBM("IBM", 120.00); ibm.Attach(s); ibm.Attach(b); // Change price, which notifies investors ibm.Price = 120.10; ibm.Price = 121.00; ibm.Price = 120.50; ibm.Price = 120.75; // Wait for user Console.Read(); } } // "Subject" abstract class Stock { protected string symbol; protected double price; private ArrayList investors = new ArrayList(); // Constructor public Stock( string symbol, double price) { this.symbol = symbol; this.price = price; } public void Attach(Investor investor) { investors.Add(investor); } public void Detach(Investor investor) { investors.Remove(investor); } public void Notify() { foreach (Investor investor in investors) { investor.Update( this); } Console.WriteLine(""); } // Properties public double Price { get{ return price; } set { price = value; Notify(); } } public string Symbol { get{ return symbol; } set{ symbol = value; } } } // "ConcreteSubject" class IBM : Stock { // Constructor public IBM( string symbol, double price) : base(symbol, price) { } } // "Observer" interface IInvestor { void Update(Stock stock); } // "ConcreteObserver" class Investor : IInvestor { private string name; private Stock stock; // Constructor public Investor( string name) { this.name = name; } public void Update(Stock stock) { Console.WriteLine("Notified {0} of {1}'s " + "change to {2:C}", name, stock.Symbol, stock.Price); } // Property public Stock Stock { get{ return stock; } set{ stock = value; } } } }

Output Notified Sorros of IBM's change to $120.10 Notified Berkshire of IBM's change to $120.10 Notified Sorros of IBM's change to $121.00 Notified Berkshire of IBM's change to $121.00 Notified Sorros of IBM's change to $120.50 Notified Berkshire of IBM's change to $120.50 Notified Sorros of IBM's change to $120.75 Notified Berkshire of IBM's change to $120.75

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转载于:http://blog.itpub.net/6480/viewspace-819947/