【Linux】Linux服务器时区设置和时间同步

        我们在安装Linux服务器的时候，可能会为了图方便，直接安装为系统默认的时区和语言，比如英语。但是，当系统安装启动后，我们会发现系统的时间是12小时制，这个与我们习惯的24小时制有一定的区别，看系统时间的时候可能会感觉有点怪怪的。所以，这个时候，我们就需要将系统的时区修改为5) Asia -  9) China - 1) Beijing Time。

# date
Sun Apr 17 00:49:40 EDT 2022

# tzselect
Please identify a location so that time zone rules can be set correctly.
Please select a continent or ocean.
 1) Africa
 2) Americas
 3) Antarctica
 4) Arctic Ocean
 5) Asia
 6) Atlantic Ocean
 7) Australia
 8) Europe
 9) Indian Ocean
10) Pacific Ocean
11) none - I want to specify the time zone using the Posix TZ format.
#? 5
Please select a country.
 1) Afghanistan           18) Israel                35) Palestine
 2) Armenia               19) Japan                 36) Philippines
 3) Azerbaijan            20) Jordan                37) Qatar
 4) Bahrain               21) Kazakhstan            38) Russia
 5) Bangladesh            22) Korea (North)         39) Saudi Arabia
 6) Bhutan                23) Korea (South)         40) Singapore
 7) Brunei                24) Kuwait                41) Sri Lanka
 8) Cambodia              25) Kyrgyzstan            42) Syria
 9) China                 26) Laos                  
10) Cyprus                27) Lebanon               44) Tajikistan
11) East Timor                                      45) Thailand
12) Georgia               29) Malaysia              46) Turkmenistan
                          30) Mongolia              47) United Arab Emirates
14) India                 31) Myanmar (Burma)       48) Uzbekistan
15) Indonesia             32) Nepal                 49) Vietnam
16) Iran                  33) Oman                  50) Yemen
17) Iraq                  34) Pakistan
#? 9
Please select one of the following time zone regions.
1) Beijing Time
2) Xinjiang Time
#? 1

The following information has been given:

        China
        Beijing Time

Therefore TZ='Asia/Shanghai' will be used.
Local time is now:      Sun Apr 17 12:50:04 CST 2022.
Universal Time is now:  Sun Apr 17 04:50:04 UTC 2022.
Is the above information OK?
1) Yes
2) No
#? 1

You can make this change permanent for yourself by appending the line
        TZ='Asia/Shanghai'; export TZ
to the file '.profile' in your home directory; then log out and log in again.

Here is that TZ value again, this time on standard output so that you
can use the /usr/bin/tzselect command in shell scripts:
Asia/Shanghai

# rm /etc/localtime
rm: remove symbolic link ‘/etc/localtime’? y

# ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime

# date
Sun Apr 17 12:50:30 CST 2022

        如果我们需要同步本地服务器的时间，可以通过与中国国家授时中心的NTP服务器来进行时间同步。

# yum install -y ntpdate
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
 * updates: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package ntpdate.x86_64 0:4.2.6p5-29.el7.centos.2 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=========================================================================================================================================================
 Package                          Arch                            Version                                            Repository                     Size
=========================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 ntpdate                          x86_64                          4.2.6p5-29.el7.centos.2                            base                           87 k

Transaction Summary
=========================================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 87 k
Installed size: 121 k
Downloading packages:
ntpdate-4.2.6p5-29.el7.centos.2.x86_64.rpm                                                                                        |  87 kB  00:00:00     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : ntpdate-4.2.6p5-29.el7.centos.2.x86_64                                                                                                1/1 
  Verifying  : ntpdate-4.2.6p5-29.el7.centos.2.x86_64                                                                                                1/1 

Installed:
  ntpdate.x86_64 0:4.2.6p5-29.el7.centos.2                                                                                                               

Complete!

// 中国国家授时中心的NTP官方服务器
# ntpdate -u ntp.ntsc.ac.cn
17 Apr 12:59:04 ntpdate[1348]: adjust time server 114.118.7.161 offset -0.001488 sec