Flutter 是如何与原生Android、iOS进行通信的？

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-08 22:23:54 发布

egzosn

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-08 22:23:54 发布

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文章标签： flutter android ios

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/cnzzs/article/details/141040032

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在Flutter应用中，与原生Android和iOS进行通信的主要方法是使用平台通道(Platform Channels)。平台通道允许Flutter代码与原生平台代码(如Java、Kotlin、Objective-C、Swift)相互调用，从而实现Flutter与原生代码之间的数据和功能交互。

平台通道的基本概念

平台通道的核心是三个部分：

消息编码和解码：使用标准的消息编码格式(如JSON、二进制等)将数据从Flutter传递到原生平台，反之亦然。
消息发送和接收：Flutter端和原生端分别发送和接收消息。
通道类型：Flutter提供了三种类型的通道：

MethodChannel：用于调用方法并获取返回值。
EventChannel：用于数据流的持续传输(例如传感器数据)。
BasicMessageChannel：用于基本消息传递。

使用MethodChannel进行通信

1. Flutter端代码

在Flutter中，使用MethodChannel发送消息到原生平台：

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:flutter/services.dart';

void main() => runApp(MyApp());

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  static const platform = MethodChannel('com.example/native');

  Future<void> _getBatteryLevel() async {
    String batteryLevel;
    try {
      final int result = await platform.invokeMethod('getBatteryLevel');
      batteryLevel = 'Battery level at $result % .';
    } on PlatformException catch (e) {
      batteryLevel = "Failed to get battery level: '${e.message}'.";
    }
    print(batteryLevel);
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      home: Scaffold(
        appBar: AppBar(
          title: Text('Flutter MethodChannel Demo'),
        ),
        body: Center(
          child: ElevatedButton(
            child: Text('Get Battery Level'),
            onPressed: _getBatteryLevel,
          ),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

2. Android端代码

在Android中，使用MethodChannel接收消息并返回结果：

package com.example.myflutterapp;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import io.flutter.embedding.android.FlutterActivity;
import io.flutter.embedding.engine.FlutterEngine;
import io.flutter.plugin.common.MethodChannel;

public class MainActivity extends FlutterActivity {
  private static final String CHANNEL = "com.example/native";

  @Override
  public void configureFlutterEngine(@NonNull FlutterEngine flutterEngine) {
    super.configureFlutterEngine(flutterEngine);
    new MethodChannel(flutterEngine.getDartExecutor().getBinaryMessenger(), CHANNEL)
        .setMethodCallHandler(
            (call, result) -> {
              if (call.method.equals("getBatteryLevel")) {
                int batteryLevel = getBatteryLevel();
                if (batteryLevel != -1) {
                  result.success(batteryLevel);
                } else {
                  result.error("UNAVAILABLE", "Battery level not available.", null);
                }
              } else {
                result.notImplemented();
              }
            }
        );
  }

  private int getBatteryLevel() {
    int batteryLevel = 50; // 示例数据
    return batteryLevel;
  }
}

3. iOS端代码

在iOS中，使用MethodChannel接收消息并返回结果：

#import "AppDelegate.h"
#import "GeneratedPluginRegistrant.h"

@implementation AppDelegate

- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application
    didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions {
  [GeneratedPluginRegistrant registerWithRegistry:self];

  FlutterViewController* controller = (FlutterViewController*)self.window.rootViewController;
  FlutterMethodChannel* batteryChannel = [FlutterMethodChannel
                                          methodChannelWithName:@"com.example/native"
                                          binaryMessenger:controller.binaryMessenger];
  [batteryChannel setMethodCallHandler:^(FlutterMethodCall* call, FlutterResult result) {
    if ([@"getBatteryLevel" isEqualToString:call.method]) {
      int batteryLevel = [self getBatteryLevel];
      if (batteryLevel != -1) {
        result(@(batteryLevel));
      } else {
        result([FlutterError errorWithCode:@"UNAVAILABLE"
                                   message:@"Battery level not available."
                                   details:nil]);
      }
    } else {
      result(FlutterMethodNotImplemented);
    }
  }];

  return [super application:application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:launchOptions];
}

- (int)getBatteryLevel {
  return 50; // 示例数据
}

@end

使用EventChannel进行数据流传输

EventChannel用于将持续的数据流从原生端传递到Flutter端，例如传感器数据。

Flutter端代码

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:flutter/services.dart';

void main() => runApp(MyApp());

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  static const EventChannel eventChannel = EventChannel('com.example/sensors');

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      home: Scaffold(
        appBar: AppBar(
          title: Text('Flutter EventChannel Demo'),
        ),
        body: Center(
          child: StreamBuilder(
            stream: eventChannel.receiveBroadcastStream(),
            builder: (context, snapshot) {
              if (snapshot.hasData) {
                return Text('Sensor data: ${snapshot.data}');
              } else {
                return Text('Waiting for sensor data...');
              }
            },
          ),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

Android端代码

package com.example.myflutterapp;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import io.flutter.embedding.android.FlutterActivity;
import io.flutter.embedding.engine.FlutterEngine;
import io.flutter.plugin.common.EventChannel;

public class MainActivity extends FlutterActivity {
  private static final String CHANNEL = "com.example/sensors";

  @Override
  public void configureFlutterEngine(@NonNull FlutterEngine flutterEngine) {
    super.configureFlutterEngine(flutterEngine);
    new EventChannel(flutterEngine.getDartExecutor().getBinaryMessenger(), CHANNEL)
        .setStreamHandler(
            new EventChannel.StreamHandler() {
              @Override
              public void onListen(Object arguments, EventChannel.EventSink events) {
                // 发送传感器数据
                events.success("Sensor data example");
              }

              @Override
              public void onCancel(Object arguments) {
                // 取消数据流
              }
            }
        );
  }
}

使用BasicMessageChannel进行消息传递

BasicMessageChannel用于双向传递消息，适用于简单的数据交换。

Flutter端代码

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:flutter/services.dart';

void main() => runApp(MyApp());

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  static const BasicMessageChannel<String> messageChannel = BasicMessageChannel('com.example/messages', StringCodec());

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      home: Scaffold(
        appBar: AppBar(
          title: Text('Flutter BasicMessageChannel Demo'),
        ),
        body: Center(
          child: ElevatedButton(
            child: Text('Send Message'),
            onPressed: () async {
              final reply = await messageChannel.send('Hello from Flutter');
              print('Reply from native: $reply');
            },
          ),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

Android端代码

package com.example.myflutterapp;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import io.flutter.embedding.android.FlutterActivity;
import io.flutter.embedding.engine.FlutterEngine;
import io.flutter.plugin.common.BasicMessageChannel;
import io.flutter.plugin.common.StringCodec;

public class MainActivity extends FlutterActivity {
  private static final String CHANNEL = "com.example/messages";

  @Override
  public void configureFlutterEngine(@NonNull FlutterEngine flutterEngine) {
    super.configureFlutterEngine(flutterEngine);
    new BasicMessageChannel<>(flutterEngine.getDartExecutor().getBinaryMessenger(), CHANNEL, StringCodec.INSTANCE)
        .setMessageHandler((message, reply) -> {
          // 处理从Flutter收到的消息并回复
          if ("Hello from Flutter".equals(message)) {
            reply.reply("Hello from Android");
          } else {
            reply.reply("Unknown message");
          }
        });
  }
}

总结

Flutter通过平台通道提供了与原生Android和iOS代码进行通信的强大机制。通过MethodChannel、EventChannel和BasicMessageChannel，可以在Flutter和原生代码之间传递数据和调用功能，从而充分利用原生平台的能力。理解并掌握这些机制，对于开发复杂且高性能的Flutter应用至关重要。

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Flutter 是如何与原生Android、iOS进行通信的？

在Flutter应用中，与原生Android和iOS进行通信的主要方法是使用平台通道(Platform Channels)。平台通道允许Flutter代码与原生平台代码(如Java、Kotlin、Objective-C、Swift)相互调用，从而实现Flutter与原生代码之间的数据和功能交互。平台通道的基本概念平台通道的...
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