Integer中IntegerCache使用及分析

一、IntegerCache介绍

IntegerCache为Integer类的缓存类，默认缓存了-128~127的Integer值，如遇到[-128,127]范围的值需要转换为Integer时会直接从IntegerCache中获取，具体如以下源码：

    public static Integer valueOf(int i) {
        if (i >= IntegerCache.low && i <= IntegerCache.high)
            return IntegerCache.cache[i + (-IntegerCache.low)];
        return new Integer(i);
    }

二、IntegerCache源码

/**
     * Cache to support the object identity semantics of autoboxing for values between
     * -128 and 127 (inclusive) as required by JLS.
     *
     * The cache is initialized on first usage.  The size of the cache
     * may be controlled by the {@code -XX:AutoBoxCacheMax=<size>} option.
     * During VM initialization, java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high property
     * may be set and saved in the private system properties in the
     * sun.misc.VM class.
     */
    private static class IntegerCache {
        static final int low = -128;
        static final int high;
        static final Integer cache[];

        static {
            // high value may be configured by property
            int h = 127;
            String integerCacheHighPropValue =
                sun.misc.VM.getSavedProperty("java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high");
            if (integerCacheHighPropValue != null) {
                try {
                    int i = parseInt(integerCacheHighPropValue);
                    i = Math.max(i, 127);
                    // Maximum array size is Integer.MAX_VALUE
                    h = Math.min(i, Integer.MAX_VALUE - (-low) -1);
                } catch( NumberFormatException nfe) {
                    // If the property cannot be parsed into an int, ignore it.
                }
            }
            high = h;

            cache = new Integer[(high - low) + 1];
            int j = low;
            for(int k = 0; k < cache.length; k++)
                cache[k] = new Integer(j++);

            // range [-128, 127] must be interned (JLS7 5.1.7)
            assert IntegerCache.high >= 127;
        }

        private IntegerCache() {}
    }

从代码中我们可以通过设置java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high来设置缓存最大值，最终取值为Maths.max(high, 127)

-Djava.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high=255

三、IntegerCache的陷阱

运行下面代码，看看结果是什么。

package com.example.basic;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;

public class IntegerTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		Class<?> clazz = Integer.class.getDeclaredClasses()[0];
		Field field = clazz.getDeclaredField("cache");
		field.setAccessible(true);
		Integer[] cache = (Integer[])field.get(clazz);
		cache[132] = cache[133];
		int a = 2;
		int b = a + a;
		System.out.printf("%d+%d=%d", a, a, b);
		System.out.println();
		System.out.println(a + "+" + a + "=" + b);
	}
}