Jupyter Notebook修改登陆密码

使用命令 “ jupyter notebook password ”可以设置 Jupyter Notebook 启动后进入 Web 界面的密码。

官网地址： https://jupyter-notebook.readthedocs.io/en/stable/notebook.html

Running a notebook server

The  Jupyter notebook  web application is based on a server-client structure. The notebook server uses a  two-process kernel architecture  based on  ZeroMQ , as well as  Tornado  for serving HTTP requests.

Note

By default, a notebook server runs locally at 127.0.0.1:8888 and is accessible only from  localhost . You may access the notebook server from the browser using  http://127.0.0.1:8888 .

This document describes how you can  secure a notebook server  and how to  run it on a public interface .

Important

This is not the multi-user server you are looking for . This document describes how you can run a public server with a single user. This should only be done by someone who wants remote access to their personal machine. Even so, doing this requires a thorough understanding of the set-ups limitations and security implications. If you allow multiple users to access a notebook server as it is described in this document, their commands may collide, clobber and overwrite each other.

If you want a multi-user server, the official solution is  JupyterHub . To use JupyterHub, you need a Unix server (typically Linux) running somewhere that is accessible to your users on a network. This may run over the public internet, but doing so introduces additional  security concerns .

Securing a notebook server

You can protect your notebook server with a simple single password. As of notebook 5.0 this can be done automatically. To set up a password manually you can configure the  NotebookApp.password setting in  jupyter_notebook_config.py .

Prerequisite: A notebook configuration file

Check to see if you have a notebook configuration file,  jupyter_notebook_config.py . The default location for this file is your Jupyter folder located in your home directory:

• Windows:  C:\Users\USERNAME\.jupyter\jupyter_notebook_config.py
• OS X:  /Users/USERNAME/.jupyter/jupyter_notebook_config.py
• Linux:  /home/USERNAME/.jupyter/jupyter_notebook_config.py

If you don’t already have a Jupyter folder, or if your Jupyter folder doesn’t contain a notebook configuration file, run the following command:

$ jupyter notebook --generate-config

This command will create the Jupyter folder if necessary, and create notebook configuration file,  jupyter_notebook_config.py , in this folder.

Automatic Password setup

As of notebook 5.3, the first time you log-in using a token, the notebook server should give you the opportunity to setup a password from the user interface.

You will be presented with a form asking for the current _token_, as well as your _new_ _password_ ; enter both and click on  Login   and   setup   new   password .

Next time you need to log in you’ll be able to use the new password instead of the login token, otherwise follow the procedure to set a password from the command line.

The ability to change the password at first login time may be disabled by integrations by setting the  --NotebookApp.allow_password_change=False

Starting at notebook version 5.0, you can enter and store a password for your notebook server with a single command.  jupyter notebook password  will prompt you for your password and record the hashed password in your  jupyter_notebook_config.json .

$ jupyter notebook password
Enter password:  ****
Verify password: ****[NotebookPasswordApp] Wrote hashed password to /Users/you/.jupyter/jupyter_notebook_config.json

This can be used to reset a lost password; or if you believe your credentials have been leaked and desire to change your password. Changing your password will invalidate all logged-in sessions after a server restart.

Preparing a hashed password

You can prepare a hashed password manually, using the function  notebook.auth.security.passwd() :

In [1]: from notebook.auth import passwdIn [2]: passwd()Enter password:Verify password:Out[2]: 'sha1:67c9e60bb8b6:9ffede0825894254b2e042ea597d771089e11aed'

Caution

passwd()  when called with no arguments will prompt you to enter and verify your password such as in the above code snippet. Although the function can also be passed a string as an argument such as  passwd('mypassword') , please  do not  pass a string as an argument inside an IPython session, as it will be saved in your input history.

Adding hashed password to your notebook configuration file

You can then add the hashed password to your  jupyter_notebook_config.py . The default location for this file  jupyter_notebook_config.py  is in your Jupyter folder in your home directory,  ~/.jupyter , e.g.:

c.NotebookApp.password = u'sha1:67c9e60bb8b6:9ffede0825894254b2e042ea597d771089e11aed'

Automatic password setup will store the hash in  jupyter_notebook_config.json  while this method stores the hash in  jupyter_notebook_config.py . The  .json  configuration options take precedence over the  .py  one, thus the manual password may not take effect if the Json file has a password set.

Using SSL for encrypted communication

When using a password, it is a good idea to also use SSL with a web certificate, so that your hashed password is not sent unencrypted by your browser.

Important

Web security is rapidly changing and evolving. We provide this document as a convenience to the user, and recommend that the user keep current on changes that may impact security, such as new releases of OpenSSL. The Open Web Application Security Project ( OWASP ) website is a good resource on general security issues and web practices.

You can start the notebook to communicate via a secure protocol mode by setting the  certfile option to your self-signed certificate, i.e.  mycert.pem , with the command:

$ jupyter notebook --certfile=mycert.pem --keyfile mykey.key

Tip

A self-signed certificate can be generated with  openssl . For example, the following command will create a certificate valid for 365 days with both the key and certificate data written to the same file:

$ openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout mykey.key -out mycert.pem

When starting the notebook server, your browser may warn that your self-signed certificate is insecure or unrecognized. If you wish to have a fully compliant self-signed certificate that will not raise warnings, it is possible (but rather involved) to create one, as explained in detail in this  tutorial . Alternatively, you may use  Let’s Encrypt  to acquire a free SSL certificate and follow the steps in  Using Let’s Encrypt  to set up a public server.

Running a public notebook server

If you want to access your notebook server remotely via a web browser, you can do so by running a public notebook server. For optimal security when running a public notebook server, you should first secure the server with a password and SSL/HTTPS as described in  Securing a notebook server .

Start by creating a certificate file and a hashed password, as explained in  Securing a notebook server .

If you don’t already have one, create a config file for the notebook using the following command line:

$ jupyter notebook --generate-config

In the  ~/.jupyter  directory, edit the notebook config file,  jupyter_notebook_config.py . By default, the notebook config file has all fields commented out. The minimum set of configuration options that you should uncomment and edit in  jupyter_notebook_config.py  is the following:

# Set options for certfile, ip, password, and toggle off# browser auto-openingc.NotebookApp.certfile = u'/absolute/path/to/your/certificate/mycert.pem'c.NotebookApp.keyfile = u'/absolute/path/to/your/certificate/mykey.key'# Set ip to '*' to bind on all interfaces (ips) for the public serverc.NotebookApp.ip = '*'c.NotebookApp.password = u'sha1:bcd259ccf...<your hashed password here>'c.NotebookApp.open_browser = False# It is a good idea to set a known, fixed port for server accessc.NotebookApp.port = 9999

You can then start the notebook using the  jupyter   notebook  command.

Using Let’s Encrypt

Let’s Encrypt  provides free SSL/TLS certificates. You can also set up a public server using a  Let’s Encrypt  certificate.

Running a public notebook server  will be similar when using a Let’s Encrypt certificate with a few configuration changes. Here are the steps:

1. Create a  Let’s Encrypt certificate .

2. Use  Preparing a hashed password  to create one.

3. If you don’t already have config file for the notebook, create one using the following command:

   $ jupyter notebook --generate-config
   

4. In the  ~/.jupyter  directory, edit the notebook config file,  jupyter_notebook_config.py . By default, the notebook config file has all fields commented out. The minimum set of configuration options that you should to uncomment and edit in  jupyter_notebook_config.py  is the following:

# Set options for certfile, ip, password, and toggle off# browser auto-openingc.NotebookApp.certfile = u'/absolute/path/to/your/certificate/fullchain.pem'c.NotebookApp.keyfile = u'/absolute/path/to/your/certificate/privkey.pem'# Set ip to '*' to bind on all interfaces (ips) for the public serverc.NotebookApp.ip = '*'c.NotebookApp.password = u'sha1:bcd259ccf...<your hashed password here>'c.NotebookApp.open_browser = False# It is a good idea to set a known, fixed port for server accessc.NotebookApp.port = 9999

You can then start the notebook using the  jupyter   notebook  command.

Important

Use ‘https’.  Keep in mind that when you enable SSL support, you must access the notebook server over  https:// , not over plain  http:// . The startup message from the server prints a reminder in the console, but  it is easy to overlook this detail and think the server is for some reason non-responsive .

When using SSL, always access the notebook server with ‘https://’.

You may now access the public server by pointing your browser to  https://your.host.com:9999 where  your.host.com  is your public server’s domain.

Firewall Setup

To function correctly, the firewall on the computer running the jupyter notebook server must be configured to allow connections from client machines on the access port  c.NotebookApp.port  set in jupyter_notebook_config.py  to allow connections to the web interface. The firewall must also allow connections from 127.0.0.1 (localhost) on ports from 49152 to 65535. These ports are used by the server to communicate with the notebook kernels. The kernel communication ports are chosen randomly by ZeroMQ, and may require multiple connections per kernel, so a large range of ports must be accessible.

Running the notebook with a customized URL prefix

The notebook dashboard, which is the landing page with an overview of the notebooks in your working directory, is typically found and accessed at the default URL  http://localhost:8888/ .

If you prefer to customize the URL prefix for the notebook dashboard, you can do so through modifying  jupyter_notebook_config.py . For example, if you prefer that the notebook dashboard be located with a sub-directory that contains other ipython files, e.g.  http://localhost:8888/ipython/ , you can do so with configuration options like the following (see above for instructions about modifying  jupyter_notebook_config.py ):

c.NotebookApp.base_url = '/ipython/'

Embedding the notebook in another website

Sometimes you may want to embed the notebook somewhere on your website, e.g. in an IFrame. To do this, you may need to override the Content-Security-Policy to allow embedding. Assuming your website is at  https://mywebsite.example.com , you can embed the notebook on your website with the following configuration setting in  jupyter_notebook_config.py :

c.NotebookApp.tornado_settings = {
    'headers': {
        'Content-Security-Policy': "frame-ancestors https://mywebsite.example.com 'self' "
    }}

When embedding the notebook in a website using an iframe, consider putting the notebook in single-tab mode. Since the notebook opens some links in new tabs by default, single-tab mode keeps the notebook from opening additional tabs. Adding the following to  ~/.jupyter/custom/custom.js  will enable single-tab mode:

define(['base/js/namespace'], function(Jupyter){
    Jupyter._target = '_self';});

Known issues

Proxies

When behind a proxy, especially if your system or browser is set to autodetect the proxy, the notebook web application might fail to connect to the server’s websockets, and present you with a warning at startup. In this case, you need to configure your system not to use the proxy for the server’s address.

For example, in Firefox, go to the Preferences panel, Advanced section, Network tab, click ‘Settings…’, and add the address of the notebook server to the ‘No proxy for’ field.

Content-Security-Policy (CSP)

Certain  security guidelines  recommend that servers use a Content-Security-Policy (CSP) header to prevent cross-site scripting vulnerabilities, specifically limiting to  default-src:   https:  when possible. This directive causes two problems with Jupyter. First, it disables execution of inline javascript code, which is used extensively by Jupyter. Second, it limits communication to the https scheme, and prevents WebSockets from working because they communicate via the wss scheme (or ws for insecure communication). Jupyter uses WebSockets for interacting with kernels, so when you visit a server with such a CSP, your browser will block attempts to use wss, which will cause you to see “Connection failed” messages from jupyter notebooks, or simply no response from jupyter terminals. By looking in your browser’s javascript console, you can see any error messages that will explain what is failing.

To avoid these problem, you need to add  'unsafe-inline'  and  connect-src   https:   wss:  to your CSP header, at least for pages served by jupyter. (That is, you can leave your CSP unchanged for other parts of your website.) Note that multiple CSP headers are allowed, but successive CSP headers can only restrict the policy; they cannot loosen it. For example, if your server sends both of these headers

Content-Security-Policy “default-src https: ‘unsafe-inline’” Content-Security-Policy “connect-src https: wss:”

the first policy will already eliminate wss connections, so the second has no effect. Therefore, you can’t simply add the second header; you have to actually modify your CSP header to look more like this:

Content-Security-Policy “default-src https: ‘unsafe-inline’; connect-src https: wss:”

Docker CMD

Using  jupyter   notebook  as a  Docker CMD  results in kernels repeatedly crashing, likely due to a lack of  PID reaping . To avoid this, use the  tini   init  as your Dockerfile  ENTRYPOINT :

# Add Tini. Tini operates as a process subreaper for jupyter. This prevents
# kernel crashes.
ENV TINI_VERSION v0.6.0
ADD https://github.com/krallin/tini/releases/download/${TINI_VERSION}/tini /usr/bin/tini
RUN chmod +x /usr/bin/tini
ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/bin/tini", "--"]
EXPOSE 8888
CMD ["jupyter", "notebook", "--port=8888", "--no-browser", "--ip=0.0.0.0"]

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