Redis配置文件解析

Redis配置文件解析

读懂redis的配置文件可以更加有助于我们去配置redis的持久化，主从复制等等功能

接下来对安装的redis目录下的redis.windows.conf（windows版配置文件）/redis.conf（Linux版配置文件）中的配置进行解读。

1. 单位

# Redis configuration file example.
#
# Note that in order to read the configuration file, Redis must be
# started with the file path as first argument:
#
# ./redis-server /path/to/redis.conf

# Note on units: when memory size is needed, it is possible to specify
# it in the usual form of 1k 5GB 4M and so forth:
#
# 1k => 1000 bytes
# 1kb => 1024 bytes
# 1m => 1000000 bytes
# 1mb => 1024*1024 bytes
# 1g => 1000000000 bytes
# 1gb => 1024*1024*1024 bytes
#
# units are case insensitive so 1GB 1Gb 1gB are all the same.

#相当于文档注释，配置文件中的数据单位大小写不敏感。

2. 包含

################################## INCLUDES ###################################

# Include one or more other config files here.  This is useful if you
# have a standard template that goes to all Redis servers but also need
# to customize a few per-server settings.  Include files can include
# other files, so use this wisely.
#
# Notice option "include" won't be rewritten by command "CONFIG REWRITE"
# from admin or Redis Sentinel. Since Redis always uses the last processed
# line as value of a configuration directive, you'd better put includes
# at the beginning of this file to avoid overwriting config change at runtime.
#
# If instead you are interested in using includes to override configuration
# options, it is better to use include as the last line.
#
# include .\path\to\local.conf
# include c:\path\to\other.conf

一个配置文件可以同时包含多个配置文件的配置，只需按格式include c:\path\to\other.conf配置好就行

3. network网络

# By default, if no "bind" configuration directive is specified, Redis listens
# for connections from all the network interfaces available on the server.
# It is possible to listen to just one or multiple selected interfaces using
# the "bind" configuration directive, followed by one or more IP addresses.
#
# Examples:
#
# bind 192.168.1.100 10.0.0.1
# bind 127.0.0.1 ::1
#
# ~~~ WARNING ~~~ If the computer running Redis is directly exposed to the
# internet, binding to all the interfaces is dangerous and will expose the
# instance to everybody on the internet. So by default we uncomment the
# following bind directive, that will force Redis to listen only into
# the IPv4 loopback interface address (this means Redis will be able to
# accept connections only from clients running into the same computer it
# is running).
#
# IF YOU ARE SURE YOU WANT YOUR INSTANCE TO LISTEN TO ALL THE INTERFACES
# JUST COMMENT THE FOLLOWING LINE.
# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
bind 127.0.0.1

# Protected mode is a layer of security protection, in order to avoid that
# Redis instances left open on the internet are accessed and exploited.
#
# When protected mode is on and if:
#
# 1) The server is not binding explicitly to a set of addresses using the
#    "bind" directive.
# 2) No password is configured.
#
# The server only accepts connections from clients connecting from the
# IPv4 and IPv6 loopback addresses 127.0.0.1 and ::1, and from Unix domain
# sockets.
#
# By default protected mode is enabled. You should disable it only if
# you are sure you want clients from other hosts to connect to Redis
# even if no authentication is configured, nor a specific set of interfaces
# are explicitly listed using the "bind" directive.
protected-mode yes

# Accept connections on the specified port, default is 6379 (IANA #815344).
# If port 0 is specified Redis will not listen on a TCP socket.
port 6379

# TCP listen() backlog.
#
# In high requests-per-second environments you need an high backlog in order
# to avoid slow clients connections issues. Note that the Linux kernel
# will silently truncate it to the value of /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn so
# make sure to raise both the value of somaxconn and tcp_max_syn_backlog
# in order to get the desired effect.
tcp-backlog 511

# Unix socket.
#
# Specify the path for the Unix socket that will be used to listen for
# incoming connections. There is no default, so Redis will not listen
# on a unix socket when not specified.
#
# unixsocket /tmp/redis.sock
# unixsocketperm 700

# Close the connection after a client is idle for N seconds (0 to disable)
timeout 0

# TCP keepalive.
#
# If non-zero, use SO_KEEPALIVE to send TCP ACKs to clients in absence
# of communication. This is useful for two reasons:
#
# 1) Detect dead peers.
# 2) Take the connection alive from the point of view of network
#    equipment in the middle.
#
# On Linux, the specified value (in seconds) is the period used to send ACKs.
# Note that to close the connection the double of the time is needed.
# On other kernels the period depends on the kernel configuration.
#
# A reasonable value for this option is 300 seconds, which is the new
# Redis default starting with Redis 3.2.1.
tcp-keepalive 300

看着很长，其实缩减下来就几个配置

bind 127.0.0.1 # 绑定的 IP 只有127.0.0.1 可以访问redis服务，0.0.0.0 代表所有的ip都可以访问
protected-mode yes # 保护模式的开启
tcp-backlog 511 # 控制tcp三次握手已完成连接队列的长度，在高并发系统中需要设一个较高的tcp-backlog来避免客户端连接慢的问题
port 6379 # 设置服务器启动端口
tcp-keepalive 300 # 用来定时向客户端发送tcp_ack包来探测客户端是否存活，单位为s

4. 通用

# By default Redis does not run as a daemon. Use 'yes' if you need it.
# Note that Redis will write a pid file in /var/run/redis.pid when daemonized.
# NOT SUPPORTED ON WINDOWS daemonize no

# If you run Redis from upstart or systemd, Redis can interact with your
# supervision tree. Options:
#   supervised no      - no supervision interaction
#   supervised upstart - signal upstart by putting Redis into SIGSTOP mode
#   supervised systemd - signal systemd by writing READY=1 to $NOTIFY_SOCKET
#   supervised auto    - detect upstart or systemd method based on
#                        UPSTART_JOB or NOTIFY_SOCKET environment variables
# Note: these supervision methods only signal "process is ready."
#       They do not enable continuous liveness pings back to your supervisor.
# NOT SUPPORTED ON WINDOWS supervised no

# If a pid file is specified, Redis writes it where specified at startup
# and removes it at exit.
#
# When the server runs non daemonized, no pid file is created if none is
# specified in the configuration. When the server is daemonized, the pid file
# is used even if not specified, defaulting to "/var/run/redis.pid".
#
# Creating a pid file is best effort: if Redis is not able to create it
# nothing bad happens, the server will start and run normally.
# NOT SUPPORTED ON WINDOWS pidfile /var/run/redis.pid

# Specify the server verbosity level.
# This can be one of:
# debug (a lot of information, useful for development/testing)
# verbose (many rarely useful info, but not a mess like the debug level)
# notice (moderately verbose, what you want in production probably)
# warning (only very important / critical messages are logged)
loglevel notice

# Specify the log file name. Also 'stdout' can be used to force
# Redis to log on the standard output.
logfile ""

# To enable logging to the Windows EventLog, just set 'syslog-enabled' to
# yes, and optionally update the other syslog parameters to suit your needs.
# If Redis is installed and launched as a Windows Service, this will
# automatically be enabled.
# syslog-enabled no

# Specify the source name of the events in the Windows Application log.
# syslog-ident redis

# Specify the syslog facility. Must be USER or between LOCAL0-LOCAL7.
# NOT SUPPORTED ON WINDOWS syslog-facility local0

# Set the number of databases. The default database is DB 0, you can select
# a different one on a per-connection basis using SELECT <dbid> where
# dbid is a number between 0 and 'databases'-1
databases 16

# By default Redis shows an ASCII art logo only when started to log to the
# standard output and if the standard output is a TTY. Basically this means
# that normally a logo is displayed only in interactive sessions.
#
# However it is possible to force the pre-4.0 behavior and always show a
# ASCII art logo in startup logs by setting the following option to yes.
always-show-logo yes

daemonize yes		# 以守护进程的方式运行，默认是 no ，我们需要自己开启为 yes
pidfile /var/run/redis_6379.pid		#  如果是后台启动，我们需要指定一个pid 文件

# 日志级别
# Specify the server verbosity level.
# This can be one of:
# debug (a lot of information, useful for development/testing)
# verbose (many rarely useful info, but not a mess like the debug level)
# notice (moderately verbose, what you want in production probably)
# warning (only very important / critical messages are logged)
loglevel notice
logfile ""		# 日志文件的位置
databases 16	# 数据库的数量，默认是 16
always-show-logo yes  # 是否总是显示 LOGO

5. 快照(RDB持久化)

################################ SNAPSHOTTING  ################################
#
# Save the DB on disk:
#
#   save <seconds> <changes>
#
#   Will save the DB if both the given number of seconds and the given
#   number of write operations against the DB occurred.
#
#   In the example below the behaviour will be to save:
#   after 900 sec (15 min) if at least 1 key changed
#   after 300 sec (5 min) if at least 10 keys changed
#   after 60 sec if at least 10000 keys changed
#
#   Note: you can disable saving completely by commenting out all "save" lines.
#
#   It is also possible to remove all the previously configured save
#   points by adding a save directive with a single empty string argument
#   like in the following example:
#
#   save ""
# 如果 900s 内，至少有 1 个 key 进行了修改，进行持久化操作
save 900 1

# 如果 300s 内，至少有 10 个 key 进行了修改，进行持久化操作
save 300 10
save 60 10000

stop-writes-on-bgsave-error yes  # 如果持久化出错，是否还要继续工作
rdbcompression yes    # 是否压缩 rdb 文件，需要消耗一些 cpu 资源
rdbchecksum yes # 保存 rdb 文件的时候，进行错误的检查校验
dir ./  # rdb 文件保存的目录

6. 安全

可以设置redis客户端访问需要密码，默认无密码操作

直接在客户端演示如下：

[root@coder bin]# redis-cli -p 6379
127.0.0.1:6379> ping
PONG
127.0.0.1:6379> config get requirepass		# 获取 redis 密码
1) "requirepass"
2) ""
127.0.0.1:6379> config set requirepass "123456"  # 设置 redis 密码
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> ping
(error) NOAUTH Authentication required.		# 发现所有的命令都没有权限了
127.0.0.1:6379> auth 123456			# 使用密码登录
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> config get requirepass
1) "requirepass"
2) "123456"
127.0.0.1:6379> 

7. 客户端限制

################################### CLIENTS ####################################

# Set the max number of connected clients at the same time. By default
# this limit is set to 10000 clients, however if the Redis server is not
# able to configure the process file limit to allow for the specified limit
# the max number of allowed clients is set to the current file limit
# minus 32 (as Redis reserves a few file descriptors for internal uses).
#
# Once the limit is reached Redis will close all the new connections sending
# an error 'max number of clients reached'.
#
# maxclients 10000		# 设置能链接上 redis 的最大客户端数量
# maxmemory <bytes>		# redis 设置最大的内存容量
 maxmemory-policy noeviction  # 内存达到上限之后的处理策略
     - noeviction：当内存使用达到阈值的时候，所有引起申请内存的命令会报错。
    - allkeys-lru：在所有键中采用lru算法删除键，直到腾出足够内存为止。
    - volatile-lru：在设置了过期时间的键中采用lru算法删除键，直到腾出足够内存为止。
    - allkeys-random：在所有键中采用随机删除键，直到腾出足够内存为止。
    - volatile-random：在设置了过期时间的键中随机删除键，直到腾出足够内存为止。
    - volatile-ttl：在设置了过期时间的键空间中，具有更早过期时间的key优先移除。

8. APPEND ONLY 模式(配置AOF)

appendonly no  # 默认是不开启 AOF 模式的，默认使用 rdb 方式持久化，大部分情况下，rdb 完全够用

appendfilename "appendonly.aof"		# 持久化的文件的名字
# appendfsync always  # 每次修改都会 sync 消耗性能
appendfsync everysec  # 每秒执行一次 sync 可能会丢失这 1s 的数据。
# appendfsync no      # 不执行 sync 这个时候操作系统自己同步数据，速度最快。

其中重点持久化机制（RDB，AOF）介绍在另一篇博客。