Talk is cheap, speak in code.
# coding=utf-8
import numpy as np
from lr_utils import load_dataset
# GRADED FUNCTION: sigmoid
def sigmoid(z):
"""
Compute the sigmoid of z
Arguments:
z -- A scalar or numpy array of any size.
Return:
s -- sigmoid(z)
"""
s = 1 / (1 + np.exp(-z))
return s
# GRADED FUNCTION: initialize_with_zeros
def initialize_with_zeros(dim):
"""
This function creates a vector of zeros of shape (dim, 1) for w and initializes b to 0.
Argument:
dim -- size of the w vector we want (or number of parameters in this case)
Returns:
w -- initialized vector of shape (dim, 1)
b -- initialized scalar (corresponds to the bias)
"""
w = np.zeros((dim, 1), dtype=float)
b = 0
return w, b
# GRADED FUNCTION: propagate
def propagate(w, b, X, Y):
"""
Implement the cost function and its gradient for the propagation explained above
Arguments:
w -- weights, a numpy array of size (num_px * num_px * 3, 1)
b -- bias, a scalar
X -- data of size (num_px * num_px * 3, number of examples)
Y -- true "label" vector (containing 0 if non-cat, 1 if cat) of size (1, number of examples)
Return:
cost -- negative log-likelihood cost for logistic regression
dw -- gradient of the loss with respect to w, thus same shape as w
db -- gradient of the loss with respect to b, thus same shape as b
Tips:
- Write your code step by step for the propagation. np.log(), np.dot()
"""
m = X.shape[1]
# FORWARD PROPAGATION (FROM X TO COST)
A = sigmoid(np.dot(w.T, X) + b) # compute activation
# print('A:' + str(A))
cost = np.sum(Y * np.log(A) + (1 - Y) * np.log(1 - A)) / (-m) # compute cost
# print('cost:' + str(cost))
# BACKWARD PROPAGATION (TO FIND GRAD)
dw = np.dot(X, (A - Y).T) / m
db = np.sum(A - Y) / m
cost = np.squeeze(cost)
grads = {"dw": dw,
"db": db}
return grads, cost
# GRADED FUNCTION: optimize
def optimize(w, b, X, Y, num_iterations, learning_rate, print_cost=False):
"""
This function optimizes w and b by running a gradient descent algorithm
Arguments:
w -- weights, a numpy array of size (num_px * num_px * 3, 1)
b -- bias, a scalar
X -- data of shape (num_px * num_px * 3, number of examples)
Y -- true "label" vector (containing 0 if non-cat, 1 if cat), of shape (1, number of examples)
num_iterations -- number of iterations of the optimization loop
learning_rate -- learning rate of the gradient descent update rule
print_cost -- True to print the loss every 100 steps
Returns:
params -- dictionary containing the weights w and bias b
grads -- dictionary containing the gradients of the weights and bias with respect to the cost function
costs -- list of all the costs computed during the optimization, this will be used to plot the learning curve.
Tips:
You basically need to write down two steps and iterate through them:
1) Calculate the cost and the gradient for the current parameters. Use propagate().
2) Update the parameters using gradient descent rule for w and b.
"""
costs = []
for i in range(num_iterations):
# Cost and gradient calculation
grads, cost = propagate(w, b, X, Y)
# Retrieve derivatives from grads
dw = grads["dw"]
db = grads["db"]
# update rule
w = w - learning_rate * dw
b = b - learning_rate * db
# Record the costs
if i % 100 == 0:
costs.append(cost)
# Print the cost every 100 training iterations
if print_cost and i % 100 == 0:
print("Cost after iteration %i: %s" % (i, str(cost)))
params = {"w": w,
"b": b}
grads = {"dw": dw,
"db": db}
return params, grads, costs
# GRADED FUNCTION: predict
def predict(w, b, X):
"""
Predict whether the label is 0 or 1 using learned logistic regression parameters (w, b)
Arguments:
w -- weights, a numpy array of size (num_px * num_px * 3, 1)
b -- bias, a scalar
X -- data of size (num_px * num_px * 3, number of examples)
Returns:
Y_prediction -- a numpy array (vector) containing all predictions (0/1) for the examples in X
"""
m = X.shape[1]
Y_prediction = np.zeros((1, m))
w = w.reshape(X.shape[0], 1)
# Compute vector "A" predicting the probabilities of a cat being present in the picture
A = sigmoid(np.dot(w.T, X) + b)
for i in range(A.shape[1]):
# Convert probabilities A[0,i] to actual predictions p[0,i]
if A[0][i] <= 0.5:
Y_prediction[0][i] = 0
else:
Y_prediction[0][i] = 1
pass
assert (Y_prediction.shape == (1, m))
return Y_prediction
# GRADED FUNCTION: model
def model(X_train, Y_train, X_test, Y_test, num_iterations=2000, learning_rate=0.5, print_cost=False):
"""
Builds the logistic regression model by calling the function you've implemented previously
Arguments:
X_train -- training set represented by a numpy array of shape (num_px * num_px * 3, m_train)
Y_train -- training labels represented by a numpy array (vector) of shape (1, m_train)
X_test -- test set represented by a numpy array of shape (num_px * num_px * 3, m_test)
Y_test -- test labels represented by a numpy array (vector) of shape (1, m_test)
num_iterations -- hyperparameter representing the number of iterations to optimize the parameters
learning_rate -- hyperparameter representing the learning rate used in the update rule of optimize()
print_cost -- Set to true to print the cost every 100 iterations
Returns:
d -- dictionary containing information about the model.
"""
# initialize parameters with zeros
w, b = initialize_with_zeros(X_train.shape[0])
# Gradient descent
parameters, grads, costs = optimize(w, b, X_train, Y_train, num_iterations, learning_rate, print_cost)
# Retrieve parameters w and b from dictionary "parameters"
w = parameters["w"]
b = parameters["b"]
# Predict test/train set examples (≈ 2 lines of code)
Y_prediction_test = predict(w, b, X_test)
Y_prediction_train = predict(w, b, X_train)
# Print train/test Errors
print("train accuracy: {} %".format(100 - np.mean(np.abs(Y_prediction_train - Y_train)) * 100))
print("test accuracy: {} %".format(100 - np.mean(np.abs(Y_prediction_test - Y_test)) * 100))
d = {"costs": costs,
"Y_prediction_test": Y_prediction_test,
"Y_prediction_train": Y_prediction_train,
"w": w,
"b": b,
"learning_rate": learning_rate,
"num_iterations": num_iterations}
return d
if __name__ == "__main__":
# Loading the data (cat/non-cat)
train_set_x_orig, train_set_y, test_set_x_orig, test_set_y, classes = load_dataset()
# Reshape the training and test examples
train_set_x_flatten = train_set_x_orig.reshape(train_set_x_orig.shape[0], -1).T
test_set_x_flatten = test_set_x_orig.reshape(test_set_x_orig.shape[0], -1).T
train_set_x = train_set_x_flatten / 255.
test_set_x = test_set_x_flatten / 255.
d = model(train_set_x, train_set_y, test_set_x, test_set_y, num_iterations=2000, learning_rate=0.005,
print_cost=True)