Java常见的12个语法糖

一定一定要向前看

之前在学习Java基础的时候,零零碎碎地看了一些语法糖相关,今天记录下来

switch

  • switch

  • 原始代码

    public class tesst{
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            String string = "world";
            switch (string){
                case "hello":
                    System.out.println(string);
                    break;
                case "world":
                    System.out.println(string);
                    break;
                default:
                    break;
            }
        }
    }
    
  • 编译后的代码

    public class tesst {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            String string;
            String string2 = string = "world";
            int n = -1;
            switch (string2.hashCode()) {
                case 99162322: {
                    if (!string2.equals("hello")) break;
                    n = 0;
                    break;
                }
                case 113318802: {
                    if (!string2.equals("world")) break;
                    n = 1;
                }
            }
            switch (n) {
                case 0: {
                    System.out.println(string);
                    break;
                }
                case 1: {
                    System.out.println(string);
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
  • 这样我们可以看出来,字符串需要先进行hash,然后为了防止hash碰撞,又加了equals

  • 之前阿里妹在公众号上发了五道题,其中有一个是这样的:

    public class SwitchTest {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            String param = null;
            switch (param) {
                case "null":
                    System.out.println("null");
                    break;
                default:
                    System.out.println("default");
            }
        }
    }
    

    这个题有三种选项,一种是输出null,一种是走default,最后一种是报错。

    通过语法糖我们可以发现,switch中比较的是hashCode的值,而null.hashCode()自然会爆出空指针异常

forEach

  • 原来的代码

    public class ForEach {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            String[] s = {"fxxk","suger","fxxk","java"};
            for (String s1 : s) {
                System.out.println(s1);
            }
            List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>();
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                list.add(i);
            }
            for (Integer integer : list) {
                System.out.println(integer);
            }
        }
    }
    
  • 编译后的代码

    public class ForEach{
        public ForEach(){
        }
    
        public static void main(String args[]){
            String s[] = {
                "fxxk", "suger", "fxxk", "java"
            };
            String args1[] = s;
            int j = args1.length;
            for(int k = 0; k < j; k++){
                String s1 = args1[k];
                System.out.println(s1);
            }
    
            List list = new ArrayList();
            for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
                list.add(Integer.valueOf(i));
    
            Integer integer;
            for(Iterator iterator = list.iterator(); iterator.hasNext(); System.out.println(integer))
                
                integer = (Integer)iterator.next();
        }
    }
    
  • 可见,通过集合类是通过迭代器来实现了增强for循环,String通过普通的for循环来增强for循环。同时,因为其用了迭代器,我们需要注意,在foreach的时候只能遍历,不能修改。否则会爆出java.util.ConcurrentModificationException异常

lambda

  • lambda

  • 原始代码

    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.List;
    public class Lambda {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>();
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                list.add(i);
            }
            list.forEach(System.out::println);
        }
    }
    
  • 编译后代码

    import java.io.PrintStream;
    import java.lang.invoke.LambdaMetafactory;
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.function.Consumer;
    
    public class Lambda {
        public static void main(String[] arrstring) {
            ArrayList<Integer> arrayList = new ArrayList<Integer>();
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
                arrayList.add(i);
            }
            
            PrintStream printStream = System.out;
            printStream.getClass();
            
            arrayList.forEach(
                (Consumer<Integer>)LambdaMetafactory.metafactory(null, null, null, (Ljava/lang/Object;)V, println(java.lang.Object ), (Ljava/lang/Integer;)V)((PrintStream)printStream));
        }
    
    }
    
  • 我们可以看出lambda和内部类的不同之处,内部类是生成了多个类文件,而lambda则是在一个类文件中,最多生成多个方法而已

if

  • 原始文件

        public static void main(String[] args) {
            if (true){
                System.out.println("true");
            }else{
                System.out.println("false");
            }
            if (false){
                System.out.println("false");
            }else{
                System.out.println(false);
            }
    
        }
    
  • 编译过的文件

        public static void main(String args[])
        {
            System.out.println("true");
            System.out.println(false);
        }
    

enum

  • 原始文件

    public enum EnumClass {
        SPRING,SUMMER,FALL,WINTER;
    }
    
  • 编译文件

    public final class EnumClass extends Enum
    {
    
        public static EnumClass[] values()
        {
            return (EnumClass[])$VALUES.clone();
        }
    
        public static EnumClass valueOf(String name)
        {
            return (EnumClass)Enum.valueOf(suger/EnumClass, name);
        }
    
        private EnumClass(String s, int i)
        {
            super(s, i);
        }
    
        public static final EnumClass SPRING;
        public static final EnumClass SUMMER;
        public static final EnumClass FALL;
        public static final EnumClass WINTER;
        private static final EnumClass $VALUES[];
    
        static 
        {
            SPRING = new EnumClass("SPRING", 0);
            SUMMER = new EnumClass("SUMMER", 1);
            FALL = new EnumClass("FALL", 2);
            WINTER = new EnumClass("WINTER", 3);
            $VALUES = (new EnumClass[] {
                SPRING, SUMMER, FALL, WINTER
            });
        }
    }
    
        public static final Enum SPRING;
        public static final Enum SUMMER;
        public static final Enum FALL;
        public static final Enum WINTER;
        private static final Enum $VALUES[];
    
        static 
        {
            SPRING = new Enum("SPRING", 0);
            SUMMER = new Enum("SUMMER", 1);
            FALL = new Enum("FALL", 2);
            WINTER = new Enum("WINTER", 3);
            $VALUES = (new Enum[] {
                SPRING, SUMMER, FALL, WINTER
            });
        }
    }
    
  • 我们可以看出,枚举是继承了Enum类的,同时他也是final,即不可继承的。

tryWithResource

  • 源代码

    public class TryWith {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            try (BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new                   FileReader("d:\\TryWith.jad"))) {
                String line;
                while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
                    System.out.println(line);
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    
  • 编译后的代码

    public class TryWith
    {
        public TryWith()
        {
        }
        public static void main(String args[])
        {
            try
            {
                BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("d:TryWith.jad"));
                String line;
                try
                {
                    while((line = br.readLine()) != null) 
                        System.out.println(line);
                }
                catch(Throwable throwable)
                {
                    try
                    {
                        br.close();
                    }
                    catch(Throwable throwable1)
                    {
                        throwable.addSuppressed(throwable1);
                    }
                    throw throwable;
                }
                br.close();
            }
            catch(IOException e)
            {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    
  • 我们可以看到,是编译器帮我们把资源关闭了

assert

  • 原始代码

    public class Assert {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            int a = 1;
            assert a > 0;
            System.out.println(a);
        }
    }
    
  • 编译代码

    public class Assert
    {
    
        public Assert()
        {
        }
    
        public static void main(String args[])
        {
            int a = 1;
            if(!$assertionsDisabled && a <= 0)
            {
                throw new AssertionError();
            } else
            {
                System.out.println(a);
                return;
            }
        }
    
        static final boolean $assertionsDisabled = !suger/Assert.desiredAssertionStatus();
    
    }
    
  • 我们可以看到,断言通过if语句来执行

变长参数

  • 原始代码

    public class Long {
        public static void main(String... args) {
            String[] zi = {"i","am","zi","10ng"};
            ma(zi);
        }
    
        private static void ma(String... args) {
            for (String arg : args) {
                System.out.println(arg);
            }
        }
    }
    
  • 编译之后

    public class Long{
        public Long(){
        }
    
        public static transient void main(String args[]){
            String zi[] = {"i", "am", "zi", "10ng"};
            ma(zi);
        }
    
        private static transient void ma(String args[]){
            String as[] = args;
            int i = as.length;
            for(int j = 0; j < i; j++){
                String arg = as[j];
                System.out.println(arg);
            }
        }
    

自动装拆箱

  • 自动装拆箱

  • 原始代码

        public static void main(String[] args) {
            int a = 1;
            Integer b;
            b  = a;
            a = b;
        }
    
  • 编译之后

        public static void main(String args[])
        {
            int a = 1;
            Integer b = Integer.valueOf(a);
            a = b.intValue();
        }
    
  • 同时我们需要知道,在JDK5之后,Integer的操作中引入了一个新功能来节省内存和提高性能。即,整型对象通过使用相同的对象引用实现了缓存和重用。适用于整数值区间-128 至 +127。

泛型

  • 泛型

  • 源代码

    public class Generic extends Pair<String>{
        private String first;
        @Override
        public void setFirst(String first) {
            this.first = first;
        }
    }
    class Pair<T>{
        private T first;
        private T second;
    
        Pair() {
        }
        public Pair(T first, T second) {
            this.first = first;
            this.second = second;
        }
        public T getFirst() {
            return first;
        }
        public void setFirst(T first) {
            this.first = first;
        }
        public T getSecond() {
            return second;
        }
        public void setSecond(T second) {
            this.second = second;
        }
    }
    
  • 编译后的代码

    public class Generic extends Pair{
        private String first;
    	public Generic()    {
        }
        public void setFirst(String first)    {
            this.first = first;
        }
        public volatile void setFirst(Object obj)   {
            setFirst((String)obj);
        }
        public volatile void setSecond(Object obj)    {
            super.setSecond(obj);
        }
        public volatile Object getSecond()    {
            return super.getSecond();
        }
        public volatile Object getFirst()    {
            return super.getFirst();
        }
    }
    class Pair{
        Pair(){
        }
        public Pair(Object first, Object second)    {
            this.first = first;
            this.second = second;
        }
        public Object getFirst()    {
            return first;
        }
        public void setFirst(Object first)    {
            this.first = first;
        }
        public Object getSecond()    {
            return second;
        }
        public void setSecond(Object second)   {
            this.second = second;
        }
        private Object first;
        private Object second;
    }
    
  • 注意此处继承之后的桥接方法

  • 同时,我们需要知道因为类型擦除而出现的错误,详见泛型

内部类

多态

  • 多态

  • 原始代码

    class GrandFather{
        private int a;
        GrandFather() {
            a = 10;
        }
        public GrandFather method() {
            System.out.println("--------调用GrandFather method()方法");
            return new GrandFather();
        }
    }
    //父类
    class Father extends GrandFather {
        private int b;
        Father() {
            b = 20;
        }
        @Override
        public Father method() {
            System.out.println("--------调用Father method()方法");
            return new Father();
        }
    }
    
  • 编译器编译过后的Father类:

    class Father extends GrandFather
    {
    	private int b;
        Father(){
            b = 20;
        }
        public Father method(){
            System.out.println("--------\u8C03\u7528Father method()\u65B9\u6CD5");
            return new Father();
        }
        public volatile GrandFather method(){
            return method();
        }
    }
    
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