Spring杂记之Bean注入(xml)

I. 声明一个简单的Bean

1. 声明bean：

package io.codetisan.spring;

public class Singer {
    public void sing() {
        System.out.println("when i was young i'd listen to the radio");
    }
}

2. spring配置文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="singer" class="io.codetisan.spring.Singer" />

</beans>

3. 测试代码：

package io.codetisan.spring;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;


public class MainTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        Singer singer = context.getBean("singer",Singer.class);
        singer.sing();
    }
}

II. 构造器注入

1. 声明bean

package io.codetisan.spring;

public class Song {
    private String name;

    public Song(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName(){
        return this.name;
    }
}

package io.codetisan.spring;

public class Singer {
    private String name;
    private Song song;

    public Singer(String name, Song song) {
        this.name = name;
        this.song = song;
    }

    public void sing() {
        System.out.println("I'm " + name + " I'm singing " + song.getName());
    }
}

2. spring配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <bean id="song" class="io.codetisan.spring.Song" >
        <constructor-arg value="Yesterday Once More" />
    </bean>
    <bean id="singer" class="io.codetisan.spring.Singer" >
        <constructor-arg value="Carpenters" />
        <constructor-arg ref="song"/>
    </bean>

</beans>

如果引用的bean只使用一次，也可以如下声明：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="singer" class="io.codetisan.spring.Singer">
        <constructor-arg value="Carpenters" />
        <constructor-arg>
            <bean class="io.codetisan.spring.Song">
                <constructor-arg value="Yesterday Once More" />
            </bean>
        </constructor-arg>
    </bean>

</beans>

3. 测试代码

同上

III. 注入Bean属性

1. 声明bean

package io.codetisan.spring;

public class Song {
    private String name;

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return this.name;
    }
}

package io.codetisan.spring;

import java.util.List;

public class Singer {
    private String name;
    private Song song;
    private List<String> instruments;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Song getSong() {
        return song;
    }

    public void setSong(Song song) {
        this.song = song;
    }

    public void sing() {
        System.out.println("I'm " + name + " I'm singing " + song.getName()+" I can play with"+instruments.toString());
    }

    public List<String> getInstruments() {
        return instruments;
    }

    public void setInstruments(List<String> instruments) {
        this.instruments = instruments;
    }
}

2. spring配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="song" class="io.codetisan.spring.Song">
        <property name="name" value="Yesterday Once More" />
    </bean>
    <bean id="singer" class="io.codetisan.spring.Singer">
        <property name="name" value="Carpenters" />
        <property name="song" ref="song" />
        <property name="instruments">
            <list>
                <value>guitar</value>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>

</beans>

3. 测试代码

同上

spring提供了四种集合配置元素

集合元素	用途
< list>	装配list类型的值，允许重复
< set>	装配set类型的值，不允许重复
< map>	装配map类型的值，key和value可以是任何值
< props>	装配properties类型的值，key和value必须都是string

当装配类型为数组或者java.util.Collection任意实现的属性时，选择< list>和< set>都是可以的
map和props示例

    <map>
        <entry key="GUITAR" value-ref="guitar" />
    </map>
    <map>
        <entry key-ref="guitarkey" value-ref="guitar" />
    </map>

    <props>
        <prop key="GUITAR">strum</prop>
    </props>

IV. 工厂方法创建Bean
有时候，Bean只提供了静态工厂方法来实例化的方法，Spring可以通过< bean>元素的factory-method属性来装配工厂创建的Bean

声明Bean

package io.codetisan.spring;

public class Stage {
    private Stage() {
    }

    private static class StageSingletonHolder {
        private static Stage instance = new Stage();
    }

    public static Stage getInstance() {
        return StageSingletonHolder.instance;
    }
}

2. spring配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="stage" class="io.codetisan.spring.Stage" factory-method="getInstance"/>

</beans>

3. 测试代码

package io.codetisan.spring;

import org.junit.Assert;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;


public class MainTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        Stage stage = context.getBean("stage",Stage.class);
        Assert.assertNotNull(stage);
    }
}

V. 初始化和销毁Bean

当我们实例化一个Bean时，可能要执行一些初始化操作来确保该Bean处于可用状态，同样的，当Bean从容器中移除时，可能也需要做一些清理工作。
Spring中可以通过init-method和destroy-method来完成这些功能

1. 声明Bean

package io.codetisan.spring;

public class Singer {
    private String name;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }


    public void sing() {
        System.out.println("I'm " + name );
    }

    public void beforeSing(){
        System.out.println("welcome...");
    }

    public void afterSing(){
        System.out.println("thank you...");
    }
}

2. spring配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="singer" class="io.codetisan.spring.Singer" init-method="beforeSing" destroy-method="afterSing">
        <property name="name" value="Carpenters" />
    </bean>

</beans>

VI. 使用Spring的命名空间p装配属性

Spring提供了一个p命名空间来简化xml的配置
如：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="song" class="io.codetisan.spring.Song">
        <property name="name" value="Yesterday Once More" />
    </bean>
    <bean id="singer" class="io.codetisan.spring.Singer" p:name="Carpenters" p:song-ref="song"/>

</beans>

等同于

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="song" class="io.codetisan.spring.Song">
        <property name="name" value="Yesterday Once More" />
    </bean>
    <bean id="singer" class="io.codetisan.spring.Singer">
        <property name="name" value="Carpenters" />
        <property name="song" ref="song" />
    </bean>

</beans>

参考：《Spring实战 第3版》