JavaScript数据数据类型判断

1. 数据类型
   基本数据类型：string、number、boolean、null、undefined、symbol
   引用数据类型：object、array、function
2. typeof
   typeof操作符返回一个字符串，表示未经计算的操作数的类型

console.log(typeof 42);
// expected output: "number"

console.log(typeof 'blubber');
// expected output: "string"

console.log(typeof true);
// expected output: "boolean"

console.log(typeof undeclaredVariable);
// expected output: "undefined"

console.log(typeof null);
// expected output: "object"

var a = Symbol(3)
console.log(typeof a);
// expected output: "symbol"

var arr = [1,2,3]
console.log(typeof arr);
// expected output: "object"

var obj = {a:1}
console.log(typeof obj);
// expected output: "object"

var func = function () {
  console.log(1)
}
console.log(typeof func);
// expected output: "function"

typeof 可以正确检测出number、string、boolean、undefined、symbol、function，而null、array、object检测结果均为object，无法准确判断
3. instanceof
instanceof运算符用来检测构造函数的prototype属性是否出现在某个实例对象的原型链上

function Car(make, model, year) {
  this.make = make;
  this.model = model;
  this.year = year;
}
const auto = new Car('Honda', 'Accord', 1998);

console.log(auto instanceof Car);
// expected output: true

console.log(auto instanceof Object);
// expected output: true

var num = 2
console.log(num instanceof Number);
// expected output: false

var bool = false
console.log(bool instanceof Boolean);
// expected output: false

var str = 'string1'
console.log(str instanceof String);
// expected output: false

var temp = Symbol(2)
console.log(temp instanceof Symbol);
// expected output: false

console.log(null instanceof Object);
// expected output: false
console.log(undefined instanceof Object);
// expected output: false

var arr = [1,2,3]
console.log(arr instanceof Array);
// expected output: true

var func = function() {console.log('123')}
console.log(func instanceof Function);
// expected output: true

var obj = {a:1}
console.log(obj instanceof Object);
// expected output: true

instanceof不能区别undefined和null，基本类型不用new声明的也检测不出来
4. constructor

function Car(make, model, year) {
  this.make = make;
  this.model = model;
  this.year = year;
}
const auto = new Car('Honda', 'Accord', 1998);

console.log(auto.constructor ===  Car);
// expected output: true

var num = 2
console.log(num.constructor === Number);
// expected output: true

var bool = false
console.log(bool.constructor === Boolean);
// expected output: true

var str = 'string1'
console.log(str.constructor === String);
// expected output: true

var temp = Symbol(2)
console.log(temp.constructor === Symbol);
// expected output: true

//console.log(null.constructor === Object);
// Error: Cannot read property 'constructor' of null

//console.log(undefined.constructor === Object);
// Error: Cannot read property 'constructor' of undefined

var arr = [1,2,3]
console.log(arr.constructor === Array);
// expected output: true

var func = function() {console.log('123')}
console.log(func.constructor === Function);
// expected output: true

var obj = {a:1}
console.log(obj.constructor === Object);
// expected output: true

constructor无法判断null和undefined
5. toString

function Car(make, model, year) {
  this.make = make;
  this.model = model;
  this.year = year;
}
const auto = new Car('Honda', 'Accord', 1998);

console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(auto));
// expected output: [object Object]

var num = 2
console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(num));
// expected output: [object Number]

var bool = false
console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(bool));
// expected output: [object Boolean]

var str = 'string1'
console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(str));
// expected output: [object String]

var temp = Symbol(2)
console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(temp));
// expected output: [object Symbol]

console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(null));
// expected output: [object Null]
console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(undefined));
// expected output: [object Undefined]

var arr = [1,2,3]
console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(arr));
// expected output: [object Array]

var func = function() {console.log('123')}
console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(func));
// expected output: [object Function]

var obj = {a:1}
console.log(Object.prototype.toString.call(obj));
// expected output: [object Object]

在任何值上调用object原生的toString()方法，都会返回一个[Object NativeConstructorName]格式的字符串
6. 常用判断

说明	方法
是否是数字	!isNaN(x)
是否是数组	Array.isArray(x)
是否是对象	Object.prototype.toString.call(xx) == ‘[Object Object]’
是否是空对象	JSON.stringify(xx) === ‘{}’
是否是null或undefined	x == null
是否是null	x === null
是否是undefined	x === undefined