一、负载均衡的作用
1、转发功能
按照一定的算法【权重、轮询】,将客户端请求转发到不同应用服务器上,减轻单个服务器压力,提高系统并发量。
2、故障移除
通过心跳检测的方式,判断应用服务器当前是否可以正常工作,如果服务器期宕掉,自动将请求发送到其他应用服务器。
3、恢复添加
如检测到发生故障的应用服务器恢复工作,自动将其添加到处理用户请求队伍中。
最近在项目开发的时候遇到需要使用集群的配置,需要使用nginx做负载均衡,于是就研究了下如何使用nginx做这块的东西。
1、首先准备三台linux服务器做练习
主服务器:http://10.1.253.162/
服务器1:http://10.1.253.186:9999/
服务器2:http://10.1.253.189:9999/
然后直接安装nginx服务,分别启动三个服务器。
在主服务器配置代理,代理配置如下:
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
upstream server_http {
server 10.1.253.186:9999 weight=5;
server 10.1.253.189:9999 weight=5;
}
server {
listen 9999;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
proxy_pass http://server_http;
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}
代理配置
upstream server_http {
server 10.1.253.186:9999 weight=5;
server 10.1.253.189:9999 weight=5;
}
入口:
proxy_pass http://server_http;
然后每次刷新主服务器ip就可以分别按权重去访问对应的服务器,就可以实现负载均衡效果了。
运行结果: