本文详细介绍了如何搭建企业级Docker Registry Harbor，包括关闭防火墙和SELinux，安装Docker和Docker-compose，配置Harbor，启动服务，以及通过docker-compose管理服务状态。Harbor提供了基于角色的访问控制、镜像复制、图形化用户界面、AD/LDAP集成、镜像删除和审计管理等功能，适用于负载均衡、高可用和多云场景。
一、简介
Harbor是由VMware公司开源的企业级的Docker Registry管理项目，它主要提供 Dcoker Registry 管理界面UI，可基于角色访问控制,镜像复制， AD/LDAP 集成，日志审核等功能，完全的支持中文
二、功能
- 基于角色的访问控制
用户与Docker镜像仓库通过“项目”进行组织管理，一个用户可以对多个镜像仓库在同一命名空间（project）里有不同的权限。
- 基于镜像的复制策略
镜像可以在多个Registry实例中复制（可以将仓库中的镜像同步到远程的Harbor，类似于MySQL主从同步功能），尤其适合于负载均衡，高可用，混合云和多云的场景。
- 图形化用户界面
用户可以通过浏览器来浏览，检索当前Docker镜像仓库，管理项目和命名空间。
- 支持 AD/LDAP
Harbor可以集成企业内部已有的AD/LDAP，用于鉴权认证管理。
- 镜像删除和垃圾回收
Harbor支持在Web删除镜像，回收无用的镜像，释放磁盘空间。image可以被删除并且回收image占用的空间。
- 审计管理
所有针对镜像仓库的操作都可以被记录追溯，用于审计管理。
- RESTful API
RESTful API 提供给管理员对于Harbor更多的操控, 使得与其它管理软件集成变得更容易。
- 部署简单
提供在线和离线两种安装工具， 也可以安装到vSphere平台(OVA方式)虚拟设备。
三、架构
1、Proxy：反向代理工具
2、Registry：负责存储docker镜像，处理上传/下载命令。对用户进行访问控制，它指向一个token服务，强制用户的每次docker pull/push请求都要携带一个合法的token，registry会通过公钥对token进行解密验证。
3、Core service：Harbor的核心功能：
UI：图形界面
Webhook：及时获取registry上image状态变化情况，在registry上配置 webhook，把状态变化传递给UI模块。
Token服务：复杂根据用户权限给每个docker push/p/ull命令签发token。Docker客户端向registry服务发起的请求，如果不包含token，会被重定向到这里，获得token后再重新向registry进行请求。
4、Database：提供数据库服务，存储用户权限，审计日志，docker image分组信息等数据
5、Log collector：为了帮助监控harbor运行，复责收集其他组件的log，供日后进行分析四、部署
1、关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
# 关闭selinux
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config # 永久
setenforce 0 # 临时2、安装并启动Docker
第一步：安装工具包
$ sudo yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 #安装工具包，缺少这些依赖将无法完成第二步：设置docker源
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
或者
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo第三步：安装
yum install docker-ce -y第四步：启动
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl start docker #启动docker
chkconfig docker on #加入开机启动3、安装Docker-compose
我这里安装1.29.2，可以通过下面的连接找版本
Docker-compose网址：Releases · docker/compose · GitHub
[root@localhost ~]# curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.29.2/docker-compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m` > /usr/local/bin/docker-compose #下载
[root@localhost ~]# chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose #赋可执行权限
[root@localhost ~]# docker-compose --version #测试下docker-compose是否安装成功
docker-compose version 1.29.2, build 5becea4c
[root@localhost ~]#
4、Harbor服务搭建及启动
GitHub上https://github.com/goharbor/harbor/releases下载指定版本的安装包
离线包安装：
[root@localhost ~]# yum install wget -y
[root@localhost harbor]# wget
https://github.com/goharbor/harbor/releases/download/v2.2.3/harbor-offline-installer-v2.2.3.tgz
[root@localhost harbor]# tar -zxvf harbor-offline-installer-v2.2.3.tgz
[root@localhost harbor]# cd harbor
[root@localhost harbor]# ls
common.sh harbor.yml.tmpl LICENSE
harbor.v2.2.3.tar.gz install.sh prepare
[root@localhost harbor]# cp harbor.yml.tmpl harbor.yml
[root@localhost harbor]# vi harbor.yml1、 配置hostname //需要写IP地址或者域名,需要看你的访问方式
2、注释https所有的配置
3、harbor_admin_password: Harbor12345 # //admin密码
# Configuration file of Harbor
# The IP address or hostname to access admin UI and registry service.
# DO NOT use localhost or 127.0.0.1, because Harbor needs to be accessed by external clients.
hostname: 10.70.36.220 //需要写IP地址或者域名
# http related config
http:
# port for http, default is 80. If https enabled, this port will redirect to https port
port: 80
# https related config
#https:
# https port for harbor, default is 443
#port: 443
# The path of cert and key files for nginx
#certificate: /your/certificate/path
#private_key: /your/private/key/path
#这里不启用https
# # Uncomment following will enable tls communication between all harbor components
# internal_tls:
# # set enabled to true means internal tls is enabled
# enabled: true
# # put your cert and key files on dir
# dir: /etc/harbor/tls/internal
# Uncomment external_url if you want to enable external proxy
# And when it enabled the hostname will no longer used
# external_url: https://reg.mydomain.com:8433
# The initial password of Harbor admin
# It only works in first time to install harbor
# Remember Change the admin password from UI after launching Harbor.
harbor_admin_password: Harbor12345 # //admin密码
# Harbor DB configuration
database:
# The password for the root user of Harbor DB. Change this before any production use.
password: root123
# Harbor DB configuration
database:
# The password for the root user of Harbor DB. Change this before any production use.
password: root123
# The maximum number of connections in the idle connection pool. If it <=0, no idle connections are retained.
max_idle_conns: 50
# The maximum number of open connections to the database. If it <= 0, then there is no limit on the number of open connections.
# Note: the default number of connections is 1024 for postgres of harbor.
max_open_conns: 1000
# The default data volume
data_volume: /data
如果持久化数据目录 可以修改data_volume: /data
[root@localhost harbor]# ./prepare
prepare base dir is set to /root/harbor
WARNING:root:WARNING: HTTP protocol is insecure. Harbor will deprecate http protocol in the future. Please make sure to upgrade to https
Generated configuration file: /config/portal/nginx.conf
Generated configuration file: /config/log/logrotate.conf
Generated configuration file: /config/log/rsyslog_docker.conf
Generated configuration file: /config/nginx/nginx.conf
Generated configuration file: /config/core/env
Generated configuration file: /config/core/app.conf
Generated configuration file: /config/registry/config.yml
Generated configuration file: /config/registryctl/env
Generated configuration file: /config/registryctl/config.yml
Generated configuration file: /config/db/env
Generated configuration file: /config/jobservice/env
Generated configuration file: /config/jobservice/config.yml
Generated and saved secret to file: /data/secret/keys/secretkey
Successfully called func: create_root_cert
Generated configuration file: /compose_location/docker-compose.yml
Clean up the input dir
[root@localhost harbor]#
[root@localhost harbor]# ./install.sh
[Step 0]: checking if docker is installed ...
Note: docker version: 20.10.7
[Step 1]: checking docker-compose is installed ...
Note: docker-compose version: 1.29.2
[Step 2]: loading Harbor images ...
Loaded image: goharbor/registry-photon:v2.2.3
Loaded image: goharbor/notary-server-photon:v2.2.3
Loaded image: goharbor/trivy-adapter-photon:v2.2.3
Loaded image: goharbor/harbor-jobservice:v2.2.3
Loaded image: goharbor/harbor-registryctl:v2.2.3
Loaded image: goharbor/redis-photon:v2.2.3
Loaded image: goharbor/chartmuseum-photon:v2.2.3
Loaded image: goharbor/prepare:v2.2.3
Loaded image: goharbor/harbor-db:v2.2.3
Loaded image: goharbor/notary-signer-photon:v2.2.3
Loaded image: goharbor/harbor-portal:v2.2.3
Loaded image: goharbor/harbor-log:v2.2.3
Loaded image: goharbor/nginx-photon:v2.2.3
Loaded image: goharbor/harbor-core:v2.2.3
Loaded image: goharbor/harbor-exporter:v2.2.3
[Step 3]: preparing environment ...
[Step 4]: preparing harbor configs ...
prepare base dir is set to /root/harbor
WARNING:root:WARNING: HTTP protocol is insecure. Harbor will deprecate http protocol in the future. Please make sure to upgrade to https
Clearing the configuration file: /config/portal/nginx.conf
Clearing the configuration file: /config/log/logrotate.conf
Clearing the configuration file: /config/log/rsyslog_docker.conf
Clearing the configuration file: /config/nginx/nginx.conf
Clearing the configuration file: /config/core/env
Clearing the configuration file: /config/core/app.conf
Clearing the configuration file: /config/registry/passwd
Clearing the configuration file: /config/registry/config.yml
Clearing the configuration file: /config/registry/root.crt
Clearing the configuration file: /config/registryctl/env
Clearing the configuration file: /config/registryctl/config.yml
Clearing the configuration file: /config/db/env
Clearing the configuration file: /config/jobservice/env
Clearing the configuration file: /config/jobservice/config.yml
Generated configuration file: /config/portal/nginx.conf
Generated configuration file: /config/log/logrotate.conf
Generated configuration file: /config/log/rsyslog_docker.conf
Generated configuration file: /config/nginx/nginx.conf
Generated configuration file: /config/core/env
Generated configuration file: /config/core/app.conf
Generated configuration file: /config/registry/config.yml
Generated configuration file: /config/registryctl/env
Generated configuration file: /config/registryctl/config.yml
Generated configuration file: /config/db/env
Generated configuration file: /config/jobservice/env
Generated configuration file: /config/jobservice/config.yml
loaded secret from file: /data/secret/keys/secretkey
Generated configuration file: /compose_location/docker-compose.yml
Clean up the input dir
Note: stopping existing Harbor instance ...
Stopping harbor-jobservice ... done
Stopping harbor-core ... done
Stopping registry ... done
Stopping registryctl ... done
Stopping redis ... done
Stopping harbor-portal ... done
Stopping harbor-db ... done
Stopping harbor-log ... done
Removing harbor-jobservice ... done
Removing nginx ... done
Removing harbor-core ... done
Removing registry ... done
Removing registryctl ... done
Removing redis ... done
Removing harbor-portal ... done
Removing harbor-db ... done
Removing harbor-log ... done
Removing network harbor_harbor
[Step 5]: starting Harbor ...
Creating network "harbor_harbor" with the default driver
Creating harbor-log ... done
Creating registry ... done
Creating redis ... done
Creating harbor-portal ... done
Creating harbor-db ... done
Creating registryctl ... done
Creating harbor-core ... done
Creating harbor-jobservice ... done
Creating nginx ... done
✔ ----Harbor has been installed and started successfully.----
[root@localhost harbor]#
通过docker-compose ps 查看服务状态
[root@localhost harbor]# docker-compose ps
Name Command State Ports
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
harbor-core /harbor/entrypoint.sh Up (healthy)
harbor-db /docker-entrypoint.sh Up (healthy)
harbor-jobservice /harbor/entrypoint.sh Up (healthy)
harbor-log /bin/sh -c /usr/local/bin/ ... Up (healthy) 127.0.0.1:1514->10514/tcp
harbor-portal nginx -g daemon off; Up (healthy)
nginx nginx -g daemon off; Up (healthy) 0.0.0.0:80->8080/tcp,:::80->8080/tcp
redis redis-server /etc/redis.conf Up (healthy)
registry /home/harbor/entrypoint.sh Up (healthy)
registryctl /home/harbor/start.sh Up (healthy) [root@localhost ~]# docker-compose ps
ERROR:
Can't find a suitable configuration file in this directory or any
parent. Are you in the right directory?
Supported filenames: docker-compose.yml, docker-compose.yaml, compose.yml, compose.yaml
[root@localhost ~]# 这个报错解决方法
进入到harbor的安装目录，安装目录里有docker-compose.yml文件，才能执行docker-compose ps
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg Dockerfile harbor harbor-offline-installer-v2.2.3.tgz htdocs test.tar vmtools vmtools-2.5.0.156.tar.bz2
[root@localhost ~]# cd harbor
[root@localhost harbor]# ls
common common.sh docker-compose.yml harbor.v2.2.3.tar.gz harbor.yml harbor.yml.tmpl install.sh LICENSE prepare
[root@localhost harbor]# docker-compose ps
Name Command State Ports
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
harbor-core /harbor/entrypoint.sh Up (healthy)
harbor-db /docker-entrypoint.sh Up (healthy)
harbor-jobservice /harbor/entrypoint.sh Up (healthy)
harbor-log /bin/sh -c /usr/local/bin/ ... Up (healthy) 127.0.0.1:1514->10514/tcp
harbor-portal nginx -g daemon off; Up (healthy)
nginx nginx -g daemon off; Up (healthy) 0.0.0.0:80->8080/tcp,:::80->8080/tcp
redis redis-server /etc/redis.conf Up (healthy)
registry /home/harbor/entrypoint.sh Up (healthy)
registryctl /home/harbor/start.sh Up (healthy) 打开浏览器输入harbor的IP地址登录UI界面。用账户密码进行登录 默认80端口
5、Harbor的配置和使用（harbor主机）
1、配置http镜像仓库可信任
编辑 /etc/docker/daemon.json
添加"insecure-registries":["10.70.36.220"] #这里的ip是harbor的ip
[root@localhost harbor]# vi /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://5twf62k1.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
"insecure-registries": ["http://10.70.36.220"]
}
或者也可以修改 /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service（二选一）
[root@server3 ~]# vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --insecure-registry 10.70.36.220 --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock #添加服务器的ip重启docker
[root@localhost harbor]# systemctl restart dockerdocker info一下找到 Insecure Registries:
表示ok
docker-compose ps 发现服务down了
启动harbor的服务 docker-compose up -d
[root@localhost harbor]# docker-compose ps
Name Command State Ports
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
harbor-core /harbor/entrypoint.sh Exit 137
harbor-db /docker-entrypoint.sh Exit 137
harbor-jobservice /harbor/entrypoint.sh Exit 137
harbor-log /bin/sh -c /usr/local/bin/ ... Up (health: starting) 127.0.0.1:1514->10514/tcp
harbor-portal nginx -g daemon off; Exit 128
nginx nginx -g daemon off; Restarting
redis redis-server /etc/redis.conf Exit 128
registry /home/harbor/entrypoint.sh Exit 137
registryctl /home/harbor/start.sh Exit 137
[root@localhost harbor]# docker-compose up -d
harbor-log is up-to-date
Starting harbor-db ... done
Starting registryctl ... done
Starting redis ... done
Starting harbor-portal ... done
Starting registry ... done
Starting harbor-core ... done
Starting harbor-jobservice ...
Starting harbor-jobservice ... done
2、推送镜像
这里的示例是admin用户和默认的项目(可以自建账户和自建项目)
①登录
[root@localhost harbor]# docker login 10.70.36.220
Username: admin
Password:
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.jso
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store
Login Succeeded
[root@localhost harbor]# ②给镜像打标签（模拟httpd）
可以参考推送命令
[root@localhost harbor]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
httpd latest bd29370f84ea 3 days ago 138MB
[root@localhost harbor]# docker tag httpd 10.70.36.220/library/httpd:v1
[root@localhost harbor]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
10.70.36.220/library/httpd v1 bd29370f84ea 3 days ago 138MB
[root@localhost harbor]# ③上传镜像（上传之前一定要登录①）
[root@localhost harbor]# docker push 10.70.36.220/library/httpd:v1
The push refers to repository [10.70.36.220/library/httpd]
239871c4cac5: Pushed
9262f7dd1498: Pushed
61172cb5065c: Pushed
9fbbeddcc4e4: Pushed
764055ebc9a7: Pushed
v1: digest: sha256:51dabee6ad1cca2ae3a80e974224f30e7121dab1da9edf62e11179f8c652b09e size: 1366
[root@localhost harbor]#
如图上传上去了
④下载镜像
上面复制的拉取命令(但是有点乱特别是带sha256...)
[root@localhost harbor]# docker pull 10.70.36.220/library/httpd@sha256:51dabee6ad1cca2ae3a80e974224f30e7121dab1da9edf62e11179f8c652b09e
10.70.36.220/library/httpd@sha256:51dabee6ad1cca2ae3a80e974224f30e7121dab1da9edf62e11179f8c652b09e: Pulling from library/httpd
Digest: sha256:51dabee6ad1cca2ae3a80e974224f30e7121dab1da9edf62e11179f8c652b09e
Status: Downloaded newer image for 10.70.36.220/library/httpd@sha256:51dabee6ad1cca2ae3a80e974224f30e7121dab1da9edf62e11179f8c652b09e
10.70.36.220/library/httpd@sha256:51dabee6ad1cca2ae3a80e974224f30e7121dab1da9edf62e11179f8c652b09e
[root@localhost harbor]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
10.70.36.220/library/httpd <none> bd29370f84ea 3 days ago 138MB
[root@localhost harbor]# 找到有tag标签的，还可以编辑tag标签和属性的页面，还可以下载带tag标签的命令的页面
继续点击下面的
[root@localhost harbor]# docker pull 10.70.36.220/library/httpd:v1
v1: Pulling from library/httpd
Digest: sha256:51dabee6ad1cca2ae3a80e974224f30e7121dab1da9edf62e11179f8c652b09e
Status: Downloaded newer image for 10.70.36.220/library/httpd:v1
10.70.36.220/library/httpd:v1
[root@localhost harbor]#
也能看到属性及构造历史
6、其他服务器登录Harbor仓库
①、配置http镜像仓库可信任
编辑 /etc/docker/daemon.json
添加"insecure-registries":["10.70.36.220"] #这里的ip是harbor的ip
[root@localhost harbor]# vi /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://5twf62k1.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
"insecure-registries": ["http://10.70.36.220"]
}
或者也可以修改 /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service（二选一）
[root@server3 ~]# vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --insecure-registry 10.70.36.220 --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock #添加服务器的ip报错下面这个问题就是因为上面的因素没有配置insecure-registry
root@server3 ~]# docker login 10.70.36.220
Error response from daemon: Get https://20.0.0.10/v2/: dial tcp 20.0.0.10:443: connect: connection refused重启docker
[root@localhost harbor]# systemctl restart dockerdocker info一下找到 Insecure Registries:
表示ok
剩下的操作不变
①登录
②给镜像打标签（模拟httpd）
③上传镜像（上传之前一定要登录①）
④下载镜像
功能挺多的
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