先来看一个简单的例子
namespace WindowsFormsApplication1
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
///
/// 定义委托
///
public delegate void wt();
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
///
/// 定义委托
///
public delegate void wt();
///
/// 定义方法
///
public void ff()
{
//匿名委托
wt t1 = delegate()
{
label1.Text = "现在是在子线程中访问我";
};
label1.Invoke(t1);//调用
}
/// 定义方法
///
public void ff()
{
//匿名委托
wt t1 = delegate()
{
label1.Text = "现在是在子线程中访问我";
};
label1.Invoke(t1);//调用
}
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Thread th1 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(ff));
th1.Start();
}
}
}
{
Thread th1 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(ff));
th1.Start();
}
}
}
如果这个理解了,接下来看这个
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
从程序设计上来说,只有创建界面的主线程才能访问界面上的控件,禁止跨线程访问控件,可以使用委托代理来解决这一问题
下面例子是错误的
private
void Form1_Load
(object sender
, EventArgs e
)
{
Thread thread = new Thread (ThreadFuntion ) ;
thread. IsBackground = true ;
thread. Start ( ) ;
}
private void ThreadFuntion ( )
{
while ( true )
{
this. textBox1. Text = DateTime. Now. ToString ( ) ;
Thread. Sleep ( 1000 ) ;
}
}
运行结果抛异常,因为.net 2.0以后加强了安全机制,不允许在winform中直接跨线程访问控件的属性。
{
Thread thread = new Thread (ThreadFuntion ) ;
thread. IsBackground = true ;
thread. Start ( ) ;
}
private void ThreadFuntion ( )
{
while ( true )
{
this. textBox1. Text = DateTime. Now. ToString ( ) ;
Thread. Sleep ( 1000 ) ;
}
}
运行结果抛异常,因为.net 2.0以后加强了安全机制,不允许在winform中直接跨线程访问控件的属性。
第一种解决方法是在Form1_Load()方法中加一句代码:Control.
CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls
=
false
;
程序可以正常运行了。就是说在这个类中我们不检查跨线程的调用是否合法(如果没有加这句话运行也没有异常,那么说明系统以及默认的采用了不检查的方式)。然而,这种方法不可取。我们查看CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls 这个属性的定义,就会发现它是一个static的,也就是说无论我们在项目的什么地方修改了这个值,他就会在全局起作用。而且像这种跨线程访问是否存在异常,我们通常都会去检查。如果项目中其他人修改了这个属性,那么我们的方案就失败了,我们要采取另外的方案。
第二种方案,就是使用delegate和invoke来从其他线程中控制控件信息。
public partial class Form1
: Form
{
private delegate void FlushClient ( ) ; //代理
public Form1 ( )
{
InitializeComponent ( ) ;
}
private void Form1_Load (object sender , EventArgs e )
{
Thread thread = new Thread (CrossThreadFlush ) ;
thread. IsBackground = true ;
thread. Start ( ) ;
}
private void CrossThreadFlush ( )
{
while ( true )
{
//将sleep和无限循环放在等待异步的外面
Thread. Sleep ( 1000 ) ;
ThreadFunction ( ) ;
}
}
private void ThreadFunction ( )
{
if (this. textBox1. InvokeRequired ) //等待异步
{
FlushClient fc = new FlushClient (ThreadFunction ) ;
this. Invoke (fc ) ; //通过代理调用刷新方法
}
else
{
this. textBox1. Text = DateTime. Now. ToString ( ) ;
}
}
}
{
private delegate void FlushClient ( ) ; //代理
public Form1 ( )
{
InitializeComponent ( ) ;
}
private void Form1_Load (object sender , EventArgs e )
{
Thread thread = new Thread (CrossThreadFlush ) ;
thread. IsBackground = true ;
thread. Start ( ) ;
}
private void CrossThreadFlush ( )
{
while ( true )
{
//将sleep和无限循环放在等待异步的外面
Thread. Sleep ( 1000 ) ;
ThreadFunction ( ) ;
}
}
private void ThreadFunction ( )
{
if (this. textBox1. InvokeRequired ) //等待异步
{
FlushClient fc = new FlushClient (ThreadFunction ) ;
this. Invoke (fc ) ; //通过代理调用刷新方法
}
else
{
this. textBox1. Text = DateTime. Now. ToString ( ) ;
}
}
}
运行上述代码,我们可以看到问题已经被解决了,通过等待异步,我们就不会总是持有主线程的控制,这样就可以在不发生跨线程调用异常的情况下完成多线程对winform多线程控件的控制了。
更优的解决方案,利用了delegate的异步调用,大家可以看看:
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
private delegate void FlushClient();//代理
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Thread thread = new Thread(CrossThreadFlush);
thread.IsBackground = true;
thread.Start();
}
private void CrossThreadFlush()
{
FlushClient=new FlushClient(ThreadFunction);
FlushClient.BeginInvoke(null,null);
}
private void ThreadFunction()
{
while (true)
{
this.textBox1.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString();
Thread.Sleep(1000);
}
}
}
{
private delegate void FlushClient();//代理
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Thread thread = new Thread(CrossThreadFlush);
thread.IsBackground = true;
thread.Start();
}
private void CrossThreadFlush()
{
FlushClient=new FlushClient(ThreadFunction);
FlushClient.BeginInvoke(null,null);
}
private void ThreadFunction()
{
while (true)
{
this.textBox1.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString();
Thread.Sleep(1000);
}
}
}
这种方法也可以直接简化为(因为delegate的异步就是开了一个异步线程):
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
private delegate void FlushClient();//代理
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Thread thread = new Thread(CrossThreadFlush);
FlushClient=new FlushClient(ThreadFunction);
FlushClient.BeginInvoke(null,null);
}
private void ThreadFunction()
{
while (true)
{
this.textBox1.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString();
Thread.Sleep(1000);
}
}
}
{
private delegate void FlushClient();//代理
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Thread thread = new Thread(CrossThreadFlush);
FlushClient=new FlushClient(ThreadFunction);
FlushClient.BeginInvoke(null,null);
}
private void ThreadFunction()
{
while (true)
{
this.textBox1.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString();
Thread.Sleep(1000);
}
}
}
来自 “ ITPUB博客 ” ,链接:http://blog.itpub.net/23109131/viewspace-687723/,如需转载,请注明出处,否则将追究法律责任。
转载于:http://blog.itpub.net/23109131/viewspace-687723/