python 的 ConfigParser 模块

configParser 模块用于操作特定格式的配置文件，该类配置文件可以包含一个或多个节（section），每个节可以有多个参数（键=值）。

样例配置文件（/home/colben/git/python/conf/example_conf）

[book]  
title:ConfigParser模块教程  
author:大头爸爸  
email:366500050@qq.com  
time:2012-09-20 22:04:55  
  
[size]  
size:1024  
  
[other]  
blog:csdn.net

上面配置文件中用的是冒号，也可以用等号。

example.py文件

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-  
import ConfigParser  
import string  
config=ConfigParser.ConfigParser()  
config.read(u'/home/colben/git/python/conf/example_conf')  
print string.upper(config.get("book","title")),  
print "by",config.get("book","author"),  
print "("+config.get("book","email")+")"  
print  
print config.get("size","size")  
print  
print config.sections()  
  
for section in config.sections():  
    print section  
    for option in config.options(section):  
        print " ",option,"=",config.get(section,option)

example.py文件执行结果

CONFIGPARSER模块教程 by 大头爸爸 (366500050@qq.com)  
  
1024  
  
['book', 'size', 'other']  
book  
  title = ConfigParser模块教程  
  author = 大头爸爸  
  email = 366500050@qq.com  
  time = 2012-09-20 22:04:55  
size  
  size = 1024  
other  
  blog = csdn.n

写入配置文件实例

import ConfigParser  
import sys  
config=ConfigParser.ConfigParser()  
config.add_section("book")  
config.set("book","title","这是标题")  
config.set("book","author","大头爸爸")  
config.add_section("size")  
config.set("size","size",1024)  
config.write(sys.stdout)

执行结果

[book]  
title = 这是标题  
author = 大头爸爸  
  
[size]  
size = 1024

ConfigParser方法

#1、创建ConfigParser实例  
config=ConfigParser.ConfigParser()  
  
#2、返回配置文件中节序列  
config.sections()  
  
#3、返回某个项目中的所有键的序列  
config.options(section)  
  
#4、返回section节中，option的键值  
config.get(section,option)  
  
#5、添加一个配置文件节点(str)  
config.add_section(str)  
  
#6、设置section节点中，键名为option的值(val)  
config.set(section,option,val)  
  
#7、读取配置文件  
config.read(filename)  
  
#8、写入配置文件  
config.write(obj_file)

综合实例

#coding=utf-8  
  
import ConfigParser  
  
def writeConfig(filename):  
    config = ConfigParser.ConfigParser()  
    # set db  
    section_name = 'db'  
    config.add_section( section_name )  
    config.set( section_name, 'dbname', 'MySQL')  
    config.set( section_name, 'host', '127.0.0.1')  
    config.set( section_name, 'port', '80')  
    config.set( section_name, 'password', '123456')  
    config.set( section_name, 'databasename', 'test')  
  
    # set app  
    section_name = 'app'  
    config.add_section( section_name )  
    config.set( section_name, 'loggerapp', '192.168.20.2')  
    config.set( section_name, 'reportapp', '192.168.20.3')  
  
    # write to file  
    config.write( open(filename, 'a') )  
  
def updateConfig(filename, section, **keyv):  
    config = ConfigParser.ConfigParser()  
    config.read(filename)  
    print config.sections()  
    for section in config.sections():  
        print "[",section,"]"  
        items = config.items(section)  
        for item in items:  
            print "\t",item[0]," = ",item[1]  
    print config.has_option("dbname", "MySQL")  
    print config.set("db", "dbname", "11")  
    print "..............."  
    for key in keyv:  
        print "\t",key," = ", keyv[key]  
    config.write( open(filename, 'r+') )  
  
if __name__ == '__main__':  
    file_name = 'test.ini'  
    writeConfig(file_name)  
    updateConfig(file_name, 'app', reportapp = '192.168.100.100')  
    print "end__"