Spring--四种属性注入方式和复杂类型注入（数组、List、Map、prperties）详解

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-20 04:21:21 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-04-20 04:21:21 发布

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分类专栏： Spring 文章标签： Spring注入方式详解 Spring复杂类型注入 Spring属性注入方式 Spring属性注入详解 Spring注入

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第一种：set方法注入

首先创建两个实体类 Car 和 User：

package pers.zhang.bean;

public class Car {
	private String  name;
	private String color;
	
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public String getColor() {
		return color;
	}
	public void setColor(String color) {
		this.color = color;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Car [name=" + name + ", color=" + color + "]";
	}
}

package pers.zhang.bean;

public class User {
	
	private String name;
	private Integer age;
	private Car car;
	
	public Car getCar() {
		return car;
	}
	public void setCar(Car car) {
		this.car = car;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public Integer getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(Integer age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "User [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", car=" + car + "]";
	}
}

在applicationContext.xml中进行配置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
		xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
		xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
		 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd ">

	<!-- set方式注入: -->
	<bean  name="user" class="pers.zhang.bean.User" >
		<!--值类型注入: 为User对象中名为name的属性注入tom作为值 -->
		<property name="name" value="tom" ></property>
		<property name="age"  value="18" ></property>
		<!-- 引用类型注入: 为car属性注入下方配置的car对象 -->
		<property name="car"  ref="car" ></property>
	</bean>
	
	<!-- 将car对象配置到容器中 -->
	<bean name="car" class="pers.zhang.bean.Car" >
		<property name="name" value="保时捷" ></property>
		<property name="color" value="红色" ></property>
	</bean>
</beans>

创建测试方法：

package pers.zhang.test;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import pers.zhang.bean.User;

public class Demo {
	@Test
	public void fun1(){
		
		//1 创建容器对象
		ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
		//2 向容器"要"user对象
		User u = (User) ac.getBean("user");
		//3 打印user对象
		System.out.println(u);
	}
}

运行JUnit测试输出：

User [name=tom, age=18, car=Car [name=保时捷, color=红色]]

第二种方式：构造函数注入

首先，为User类添加3个构造函数：

package pers.zhang.bean;

public class User {
	
	private String name;
	private Integer age;
	private Car car;
	
	public User(String name, Car car) {
		System.out.println("User(String name, Car car)!!");
		this.name = name;
		this.car = car;
	}
	
	public User(Car car,String name) {
		System.out.println("User(Car car,String name)!!");
		this.name = name;
		this.car = car;
	}
	
	public User(Integer name, Car car) {
		System.out.println("User(Integer name, Car car)!!");
		this.name = name+"";
		this.car = car;
	}
	
	public Car getCar() {
		return car;
	}
	public void setCar(Car car) {
		this.car = car;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public Integer getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(Integer age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "User [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", car=" + car + "]";
	}
}

applicationContext.xml配置：
index：用于确定参数的位置
type：用于确定参数的类型
这两个属性可以完全确定一个构造函数。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
		xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
		xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
		 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd ">

	<!-- 将car对象配置到容器中 -->
	<bean name="car" class="pers.zhang.bean.Car" >
		<property name="name" value="保时捷" ></property>
		<property name="color" value="红色" ></property>
	</bean>

	<!-- 构造函数注入 -->
   <bean name="user2" class="pers.zhang.bean.User" >
	<!-- name属性: 构造函数的参数名
		index属性: 构造函数的参数索引
		type属性: 构造函数的参数类型  -->
	  <constructor-arg name="name" value="24" index="0" type="java.lang.Integer"   ></constructor-arg>
	  <constructor-arg name="car" ref="car" index="1" ></constructor-arg>
  </bean> 
</beans>

测试方法：

package pers.zhang.test;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import pers.zhang.bean.User;

public class Demo {
	@Test
	public void fun2(){
		
		//1 创建容器对象
		ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
		//2 向容器"要"user对象
		User u = (User) ac.getBean("user2");
		//3 打印user对象
		System.out.println(u);
		
	}
}

运行JUnit测试输出：

User(Integer name, Car car)!!
User [name=24, age=null, car=Car [name=保时捷, color=红色]]

第三种方式：P名称空间注入(Spring2.x版本后提供的方式)

其本质还是调空参构造，使用set方法注入。
所以我们为User添加一个显式的空参构造：

package pers.zhang.bean;

public class User {
	
	private String name;
	private Integer age;
	private Car car;
	
	public User() {
		super();
	}

	public User(String name, Car car) {
		System.out.println("User(String name, Car car)!!");
		this.name = name;
		this.car = car;
	}
	
	public User(Car car,String name) {
		System.out.println("User(Car car,String name)!!");
		this.name = name;
		this.car = car;
	}
	
	public User(Integer name, Car car) {
		System.out.println("User(Integer name, Car car)!!");
		this.name = name+"";
		this.car = car;
	}
	
	public Car getCar() {
		return car;
	}
	public void setCar(Car car) {
		this.car = car;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public Integer getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(Integer age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "User [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", car=" + car + "]";
	}
}

一定记得引入p名称空间！

xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"

applicationContext.xml配置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
		xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
		xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
		 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd ">

	<!-- 将car对象配置到容器中 -->
	<bean name="car" class="pers.zhang.bean.Car" >
		<property name="name" value="保时捷" ></property>
		<property name="color" value="红色" ></property>
	</bean>

<!-- p名称空间注入, 走set方法
	1.导入P名称空间  xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	2.使用p:属性完成注入
		|-值类型: p:属性名="值"
		|-对象类型: p:属性名-ref="bean名称"
 -->
	<bean  name="user3" class="pers.zhang.bean.User" p:name="Jack" p:age="20" p:car-ref="car"  ></bean>
</beans>

测试方法：

package pers.zhang.test;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import pers.zhang.bean.User;

public class Demo {
	@Test
	public void fun3(){
		
		//1 创建容器对象
		ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
		//2 向容器"要"user对象
		User u = (User) ac.getBean("user3");
		//3 打印user对象
		System.out.println(u);
		
	}
}

运行JUnit测试输出：

User [name=Jack, age=20, car=Car [name=保时捷, color=红色]]

第四种方式：SpEL注入（Spring Expression Language）：

如果存在此种需求：取其他对象的属性值来创建新的对象，就可以使用SpEL。
SpEL类似于EL表达式，格式为 #{ }。
需要注意的是，SpEL不支持引用类型注入。

applicationContext.xml配置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
		xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
		xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
		 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd ">

	<!-- set方式注入: -->
	<bean  name="user" class="pers.zhang.bean.User" >
		<!--值类型注入: 为User对象中名为name的属性注入tom作为值 -->
		<property name="name" value="tom" ></property>
		<property name="age"  value="18" ></property>
		<!-- 引用类型注入: 为car属性注入下方配置的car对象 -->
		<property name="car"  ref="car" ></property>
	</bean>
	
	<!-- 将car对象配置到容器中 -->
	<bean name="car" class="pers.zhang.bean.Car" >
		<property name="name" value="保时捷" ></property>
		<property name="color" value="红色" ></property>
	</bean>

<!-- 
	spel注入: spring Expression Language sping表达式语言
 -->
    <bean  name="user4" class="pers.zhang.bean.User" >
		<property name="name" value="#{user.name}" ></property>
		<property name="age" value="#{user.age}" ></property>
		<property name="car" ref="car" ></property>
    </bean>

</beans>

测试方法：

package pers.zhang.test;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import pers.zhang.bean.User;

public class Demo {
	@Test
	public void fun4(){
		
		//1 创建容器对象
		ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
		//2 向容器"要"user对象
		User u = (User) ac.getBean("user4");
		//3 打印user对象
		System.out.println(u);
		
	}
}

运行JUnit测试输出：

User [name=tom, age=18, car=Car [name=保时捷, color=红色]]

复杂类型注入（数组、List、Map、prperties）

创建一个CollectionBean类：

package pers.zhang.bean;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;

public class CollectionBean {
	private Object[] arr;//数组类型注入
	private List list;//list/set 类型注入
	private Map map;//map类型注入
	private Properties prop;//properties类型注入
	
	public Object[] getArr() {
		return arr;
	}
	public void setArr(Object[] arr) {
		this.arr = arr;
	}
	public List getList() {
		return list;
	}
	public void setList(List list) {
		this.list = list;
	}
	public Map getMap() {
		return map;
	}
	public void setMap(Map map) {
		this.map = map;
	}
	public Properties getProp() {
		return prop;
	}
	public void setProp(Properties prop) {
		this.prop = prop;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "CollectionBean [arr=" + Arrays.toString(arr) + ", list=" + list + ", map=" + map + ", prop=" + prop
				+ "]";
	}
}

数组注入：

如果只向数组中注入一个值（对象），可以直接使用 value | ref 即可。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
		xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
		xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
		 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd ">


    <!-- 数组类型注入 -->
    <bean name="cb" class="pers.zhang.CollectionBean" >
	    <!-- 如果数组中只准备注入一个值(对象),直接使用value|ref即可 -->
	    <property name="arr" value="tom" ></property>
    </bean>

</beans>

如果向数组中注入多个值（对象）:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
		xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
		xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
		 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd ">

    <!-- set方式注入: -->
	<bean  name="user" class="pers.zhang.bean.User" >
		<!--值类型注入: 为User对象中名为name的属性注入tom作为值 -->
		<property name="name" value="tom" ></property>
		<property name="age"  value="18" ></property>
		<!-- 引用类型注入: 为car属性注入下方配置的car对象 -->
		<property name="car"  ref="car" ></property>
	</bean>

    <bean name="car" class="pers.zhang.bean.Car" >
		<property name="name" value="保时捷" ></property>
		<property name="color" value="红色" ></property>
	</bean>

    <!-- 复杂类型注入 -->
    <bean name="cb" class="pers.zhang.CollectionBean" >
        <!-- 数组类型注入 -->
        <property name="arr">
            <!-- 元素顺序与注入顺序一致 -->
		    <array>
			    <value>tom</value>
			    <value>jerry</value>
			    <ref bean="user" />
		    </array>
	    </property>
    </bean>
</beans>

测试方法：

package pers.zhang.test;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import pers.zhang.bean.CollectionBean;

public class Demo {
	@Test
	public void fun5(){
		
		//1 创建容器对象
		ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
		//2 向容器"要"cb对象
		CollectionBean cb = (CollectionBean) ac.getBean("cb");
		//3 打印cb对象
		System.out.println(cb);
		
	}
}

运行JUnit测试输出：

CollectionBean [arr=[tom, jerry, User [name=tom, age=18, car=Car [name=保时捷, color=红色]]], 
                list=null, 
                map=null,
                prop=null]

List注入
List与数组相似，如果只注入一个值（对象）使用value | ref 即可。此处不再举例。
注入多个值（对象）配置如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
		xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
		xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
		 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd ">


    <!-- set方式注入: -->
	<bean  name="user" class="pers.zhang.bean.User" >
		<!--值类型注入: 为User对象中名为name的属性注入tom作为值 -->
		<property name="name" value="tom" ></property>
		<property name="age"  value="18" ></property>
		<!-- 引用类型注入: 为car属性注入下方配置的car对象 -->
		<property name="car"  ref="car" ></property>
	</bean>

    <bean name="car" class="pers.zhang.bean.Car" >
		<property name="name" value="保时捷" ></property>
		<property name="color" value="红色" ></property>
	</bean>


  <!-- 复杂类型注入 -->
    <bean name="cb" class="pers.zhang.CollectionBean" >
        <!-- 数组类型注入 -->
        <property name="list"  >
		    <list>
			    <value>jack</value>
			    <value>rose</value>
			    <ref bean="user" />
		    </list>
	    </property>
    </bean>

</beans>

测试方法：

package pers.zhang.test;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import pers.zhang.bean.CollectionBean;

public class Demo {
	@Test
	public void fun5(){
		
		//1 创建容器对象
		ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
		//2 向容器"要"cb对象
		CollectionBean cb = (CollectionBean) ac.getBean("cb");
		//3 打印cb对象
		System.out.println(cb);
		
	}
}

运行JUnit测试输出：

CollectionBean [arr=null, 
                list=[jack, rose, User [name=tom, age=18, car=Car [name=保时捷, color=红色]]], 
                map=null, 
                prop=null]

Map注入：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
		xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
		xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
		 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd ">


    <!-- set方式注入: -->
	<bean  name="user" class="pers.zhang.bean.User" >
		<!--值类型注入: 为User对象中名为name的属性注入tom作为值 -->
		<property name="name" value="tom" ></property>
		<property name="age"  value="18" ></property>
		<!-- 引用类型注入: 为car属性注入下方配置的car对象 -->
		<property name="car"  ref="car" ></property>
	</bean>

      <bean  name="user2" class="pers.zhang.bean.User" >
		<!--值类型注入: 为User对象中名为name的属性注入tom作为值 -->
		<property name="name" value="Jerry" ></property>
		<property name="age"  value="10" ></property>
		<!-- 引用类型注入: 为car属性注入下方配置的car对象 -->
		<property name="car"  ref="car" ></property>
	</bean>

    <bean name="car" class="pers.zhang.bean.Car" >
		<property name="name" value="保时捷" ></property>
		<property name="color" value="红色" ></property>
	</bean>


  <!-- 复杂类型注入 -->
    <bean name="cb" class="pers.zhang.CollectionBean" >
       <!-- map类型注入 -->
	    <property name="map"  >
		    <map>
			    <!-- 键为字符串，值为字符串 -->
			    <entry key="url" value="jdbc:mysql:///crm" ></entry>
			    <!-- 键为字符串，值为对象 -->
			    <entry key="user" value-ref="user"  ></entry>
			    <!-- 键为对象，值为对象 -->
			    <entry key-ref="user2" value-ref="user2"  ></entry>
		    </map> 
	    </property>
    </bean>

</beans>

测试方法：

package pers.zhang.test;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import pers.zhang.bean.CollectionBean;

public class Demo {
	@Test
	public void fun5(){
		
		//1 创建容器对象
		ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
		//2 向容器"要"cb对象
		CollectionBean cb = (CollectionBean) ac.getBean("cb");
		//3 打印cb对象
		System.out.println(cb);
		
	}
}

运行JUnit测试输出：

CollectionBean [arr=null,
               list=null, 
               map={url=jdbc:mysql:///crm, 
                   user=User [name=tom, age=18, car=Car [name=保时捷, color=红色]], 
                    User [name=Jerry, age=10, car=Car [name=保时捷, color=红色]]=User [name=Jerry, age=10, car=Car [name=保时捷, color=红色]]}, 
               prop=null]

Property注入

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
		xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
		xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
		 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd ">

    <!-- 复杂类型注入 -->
    <bean name="cb" class="pers.zhang.CollectionBean" >
  		  <!-- prperties 类型注入 -->
			<property name="prop"  >
				<props>
					<prop key="driverClass">com.jdbc.mysql.Driver</prop>
					<prop key="userName">root</prop>
					<prop key="password">1234</prop>
				</props>
			</property>
	</bean>
</beans>

测试方法：

package pers.zhang.test;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import pers.zhang.bean.CollectionBean;

public class Demo {
	@Test
	public void fun5(){
		
		//1 创建容器对象
		ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
		//2 向容器"要"cb对象
		CollectionBean cb = (CollectionBean) ac.getBean("cb");
		//3 打印cb对象
		System.out.println(cb);
		
	}
}

运行JUnit测试输出：

CollectionBean [arr=null, 
                list=null, 
                map=null, 
                prop={driverClass=com.jdbc.mysql.Driver, password=1234, userName=root}]