SQL语法——存储过程IF语句、CASE语句、循环

IF语句

语法：

IF expression THEN 
   statements;
END IF; 

--

IF expression THEN
   statements;
ELSE
   else-statements;
END IF;

--

IF expression THEN
   statements;
ELSEIF elseif-expression THEN
   elseif-statements;
...
ELSE
   else-statements;
END IF; 

示例：

DELIMITER $$
 
CREATE PROCEDURE GetCustomerLevel(
    in  p_customerNumber int(11), 
    out p_customerLevel  varchar(10))
BEGIN
    DECLARE creditlim double;
 
    SELECT creditlimit INTO creditlim
    FROM customers
    WHERE customerNumber = p_customerNumber;
 
    IF creditlim > 50000 THEN
        SET p_customerLevel = 'PLATINUM';
    ELSEIF (creditlim <= 50000 AND creditlim >= 10000) THEN
        SET p_customerLevel = 'GOLD';
    ELSEIF creditlim < 10000 THEN
        SET p_customerLevel = 'SILVER';
    END IF;
 
END $$

DELIMITER ;

CASE语句

简单CASE语句的语法：

CASE  case_expression
   WHEN when_expression_1 THEN commands
   WHEN when_expression_2 THEN commands
   ...
   ELSE commands
END CASE;

示例：

DELIMITER $$
 
CREATE PROCEDURE GetCustomerShipping(
 in  p_customerNumber int(11), 
 out p_shiping varchar(50))
BEGIN
    DECLARE customerCountry varchar(50);
 
    SELECT country INTO customerCountry
 FROM customers
 WHERE customerNumber = p_customerNumber;
 
    CASE customerCountry
 WHEN  'USA' THEN
    SET p_shiping = '2-day Shipping';
 WHEN 'Canada' THEN
    SET p_shiping = '3-day Shipping';
 ELSE
    SET p_shiping = '5-day Shipping';
 END CASE;
END $$

DELIMITER ; 

-- 测试
SET @customerNo = 112;
 
SELECT country into @country
FROM customers
WHERE customernumber = @customerNo;
 
CALL GetCustomerShipping(@customerNo,@shipping);
 
SELECT @customerNo AS Customer,
       @country    AS Country,
       @shipping   AS Shipping; 

搜索CASE声明 ：

CASE
    WHEN condition_1 THEN commands
    WHEN condition_2 THEN commands
    ...
    ELSE commands
END CASE; 

示例：

DELIMITER $$
 
CREATE PROCEDURE GetCustomerLevel(
 in  p_customerNumber int(11), 
 out p_customerLevel  varchar(10))
BEGIN
    DECLARE creditlim double;
 
    SELECT creditlimit INTO creditlim
 FROM customers
 WHERE customerNumber = p_customerNumber;
 
    CASE  
 WHEN creditlim > 50000 THEN 
    SET p_customerLevel = 'PLATINUM';
 WHEN (creditlim <= 50000 AND creditlim >= 10000) THEN
    SET p_customerLevel = 'GOLD';
 WHEN creditlim < 10000 THEN
    SET p_customerLevel = 'SILVER';
 END CASE;
 
END$$

DELIMITER ; 

WHILE循环

语法：

WHILE expression DO
   statements
END WHILE 

WHILE 循环检查expression在每次迭代的开始。如果expression评估为TRUE，MySQL将 在评估statements之间执行 WHILE，END WHILE直到expression评估为止FALSE。WHILE 循环称为预测试循环，因为它在statements 执行之前检查表达式。

示例：

DELIMITER $$
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS test_mysql_while_loop$$ 
CREATE PROCEDURE test_mysql_while_loop ( ) 
	BEGIN
	DECLARE x INT;
	DECLARE str VARCHAR ( 255 );
	SET x = 1;
	SET str = '';
	WHILE x <= 5 DO
		SET str = CONCAT( str, x, ',' );
		SET x = x + 1;
	END WHILE;
	SELECT str;
END $$
DELIMITER ; 

CALL test_mysql_while_loop(); 

REPEAT循环

语法：

REPEAT
 statements;
UNTIL expression
END REPEAT 

首先，MySQL执行statements，然后评估expression。如果expression评估为FALSE，则MySQL statements 重复执行直到expression 评估为止TRUE。

因为REPEAT 循环语句expression 在执行后检查statements，所以REPEAT循环语句也称为测试后循环。

示例：

DELIMITER $$
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS mysql_test_repeat_loop $$ 
CREATE PROCEDURE mysql_test_repeat_loop ( ) BEGIN
	DECLARE x INT;
	DECLARE str VARCHAR ( 255 );
	SET x = 1;
	SET str = '';
	REPEAT
		SET str = CONCAT( str, x, ',' );
		SET x = x + 1;
	UNTIL x > 5 
	END REPEAT;
	SELECT str;
END $$
DELIMITER ; 


CALL mysql_test_repeat_loop(); 

LOOP，LEAVE和ITERATE语句

有两个语句允许您控制循环：

1. LEAVE语句允许您立即退出循环而无需等待检查条件。LEAVE语句的作用类似于PHP，C / C ++和Java等其他语言中的 break 语句。
2. ITERATE语句允许您跳过其下的整个代码并开始新的迭代。ITERATE语句类似于PHP，C / C ++和Java中的continue语句。

示例：

DELIMITER $$
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS test_mysql_loop $$ 
CREATE PROCEDURE test_mysql_loop() 
BEGIN
  DECLARE x INT;
  DECLARE str VARCHAR ( 255 );
  SET x = 1;
  SET str = '';
  loop_label :LOOP
    IF x > 10 THEN
      LEAVE loop_label;
    END IF;
    SET x = x + 1;
    IF ( x MOD 2 ) THEN
      ITERATE loop_label;
    ELSE 
      SET str = CONCAT( str, x, ',' );
    END IF;
  END LOOP;
  SELECT str;
END $$
DELIMITER ;


call test_mysql_loop(); 

在这个例子中，

1. 存储过程仅构造具有偶数的字符串，例如，2,4和6。
2. 我们loop_label 在LOOP声明之前放置了一个循环标签。
3. 如果值 x 大于10，则由于LEAVE语句而终止循环。
4. 如果the的值x 是奇数，则ITERATE 语句忽略其下的所有内容并开始新的迭代。
5. 如果the的值x 是偶数，则ELSE语句中的块将构建具有偶数的字符串。