Kafka——多线程Consumer实例

多线程消费实例

，KafkaConsumer是非线程安全的。它和KafkaProducer不同，后者是线程安全的，因此用户可以在多个线程中放心地使用同一个KafkaProducer实例，事实上这也是社区推荐的producer使用方法，因为通常它比每个线程维护一个KafkaProducer实例效率要高。

但是对于consumer而言，用户无法直接在多个线程中共享一个KafkaConsumer实例，下面给出两种多线程消费的方法以及各自的实例。

1、每个线程维护一个KafkaConsumer

在这个方法中，用户创建多个线程来消费topic数据。每个线程都会创建专属于该线程的KafkaConsumer实例，如下图所示：

consumer group由多个线程的KafkaConsumer组成，每个线程负责消费固定数目的分区。下面给出一个完整的样例，该样例中包含3个类：

• ConsumerRunnable类：消费线程类，执行真正的消费任务
• ConsumerGroup类：消费线程管理类，创建过个线程类执行消费任务
• ConsumerMain类：测试主方法类

ConsumerRunnable.java

public class ConsumerRunnable implements Runnable {

    //每个线程维护私有的KafkaConsumer实例
    private final KafkaConsumer<String, String> consumer;

    public ConsumerRunnable(String brokerList, String groupId, String topic) {
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.put("bootstrap.servers", brokerList);
        properties.put("group.id", groupId);
        properties.put("enable.auto.commit", "true");//自动提交offset
        properties.put("auto.commit.interval.ms", "1000");
        properties.put("session.timeout.ms", "30000");
        properties.put("key.deserializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer");
        properties.put("value.deserializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer");
        this.consumer = new KafkaConsumer<String, String>(properties);
        consumer.subscribe(Arrays.asList(topic));
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true) {
            ConsumerRecords<String, String> records = consumer.poll(200);
            for (ConsumerRecord<String, String> record : records) {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " consumed " + record.partition()
                + "th message with offset: " + record.offset() + " value:" + record.value());
            }
        }
    }
}

ConsumerGroup.java

public class ConsumerGroup {

    private List<ConsumerRunnable> consumers;

    public ConsumerGroup(int consumerNum, String groupId, String topic, String brokerList) {
        consumers = new ArrayList<>(consumerNum);
        for (int i = 0; i < consumerNum; ++i) {
            ConsumerRunnable consumerThread = new ConsumerRunnable(brokerList, groupId, topic);
            consumers.add(consumerThread);
        }
    }

    public void execute() {
        for (ConsumerRunnable task : consumers) {
            new Thread(task).start();
        }
    }
}

ConsumerMain.java

public class ConsumerMain {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String brokerList = "localhost:9092";
        String groupId = "testGroup";
        String topic = "testTopic";
        int consumerNum = 3;
        ConsumerGroup consumerGroup = new ConsumerGroup(consumerNum, groupId, topic, brokerList);
        consumerGroup.execute();
    }
}

2、单KafkaConsumer实例+多worker线程

此方法与第一种方法的区别在于，我们将消息的获取与消息的处理解耦，把后者放入单独的工作者线程中，即所谓的worker线程中。同时在全局维护一个或若干个consumer实例执行消息获取任务，如图所示。

本例使用全局的KafkaConsumer实例执行消息获取，然后把获取到的消息集合交给线程池中的worker线程执行工作。之后worker线程完成处理后上报位移状态，由全局consumer提交位移。代码中共有如下3个类。

• Consumer ThreadHandler类：consumer多线程管理类，用于创建线程池以及为每个线程分配消息集合。另外consumer位移提交也在该类中完成。
• Consumer Worker类：本质上是一个Runnable,执行真正的消费逻辑并上报位移信息给ConsumerThreadHandler.
• Main类：测试主方法类。

ConsumerThreadHandler.java

public class ConsumerThreadHandler<K, V> {

    private final KafkaConsumer<K, V> consumer;
    private ExecutorService executors;
    private final Map<TopicPartition, OffsetAndMetadata> offsets = new HashMap<>();

    public ConsumerThreadHandler(String brokerList, String groupId, String topic) {
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.put("bootstrap.servers", brokerList);
        properties.put("group.id", groupId);
        properties.put("enable.auto.commit", "false");//手动提交offset
        properties.put("auto.offset.reset", "earliest");
        properties.put("key.deserializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer");
        properties.put("value.deserializer", "org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer");
        this.consumer = new KafkaConsumer<K, V>(properties);
        consumer.subscribe(Arrays.asList(topic), new ConsumerRebalanceListener() {
            @Override
            public void onPartitionsRevoked(Collection<TopicPartition> partitions) {
                consumer.commitSync(offsets);//提交位移
            }

            @Override
            public void onPartitionsAssigned(Collection<TopicPartition> partitions) {
                offsets.clear();
            }
        });
    }

    /**
     * 消费方法
     * @param threadNumber 线程池中的线程数
     */
    public void consume(int threadNumber) {
        executors = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
                threadNumber,
                threadNumber,
                0L,
                TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(1000),
                new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());
        try {
            while (true) {
                ConsumerRecords<K, V> records = consumer.poll(1000L);
                if (!records.isEmpty()) {
                    executors.submit(new ConsumerWorker<>(records, offsets));
                }
                commitOffsets();
            }
        } catch (WakeupException e) {

        } finally {
            commitOffsets();
            consumer.close();
        }
    }


    private void commitOffsets() {
        //尽量降低synchronized块对offsets锁定的时间
        Map<TopicPartition, OffsetAndMetadata> unmodfiedMap;
        synchronized (offsets) {
            if (offsets.isEmpty()) {
                return;
            }
            unmodfiedMap = Collections.unmodifiableMap(new HashMap<>(offsets));
            offsets.clear();
        }
        consumer.commitSync(unmodfiedMap);
    }

    public void close() {
        consumer.wakeup();
        executors.shutdown();
    }
}

ConsumerWorker.java

public class ConsumerWorker<K, V> implements Runnable {

    private final ConsumerRecords<K, V> records;
    private final Map<TopicPartition, OffsetAndMetadata> offsets;

    public ConsumerWorker(ConsumerRecords<K, V> records, Map<TopicPartition, OffsetAndMetadata> offsets) {
        this.records = records;
        this.offsets = offsets;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (TopicPartition partition : records.partitions()) {
            //获取指定分区的记录
            List<ConsumerRecord<K, V>> partitionRecords = this.records.records(partition);
            for (ConsumerRecord<K, V> record : partitionRecords) {
                //处理记录
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " consumed " + record.partition()
                        + "th message with offset: " + record.offset() + " value:" + record.value());
            }
            //提交offset
            long lastOffset = partitionRecords.get(partitionRecords.size() - 1).offset();
            synchronized (offsets) {
                if (!offsets.containsKey(partition)) {
                    offsets.put(partition, new OffsetAndMetadata(lastOffset + 1));
                } else {
                    long curr = offsets.get(partition).offset();
                    if (curr <= lastOffset + 1) {
                        offsets.put(partition, new OffsetAndMetadata(lastOffset + 1));
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

Main.java

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String brokerList = "localhost:9092";
        String topic = "testTopic";
        String groupId = "testGroup";
        final ConsumerThreadHandler<byte[], byte[]> handler = new ConsumerThreadHandler<>(brokerList, groupId, topic);
        final int cpuCount = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();

        Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                handler.consume(cpuCount);
            }
        };

        new Thread(runnable).start();

        try{
            Thread.sleep(20000L);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {

        }
        System.out.println("Starting to close the consumer....");
        handler.close();
    }
}

3、两种方法对比