该博客记录了在CentOS7系统中如何更换为阿里云YUM源，备份并恢复源文件，安装EPEL仓库，以及安装SSH和Git的过程。在尝试使用阿里云源时遇到网络问题，最终换回原有源。同时，展示了系统内核版本和执行一些基础命令的状态。
centos7 管理员运行
解压缩 vhdx
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centos 7
[root@LAPTOP-DFV9CMRA ~]# uname -a
Linux LAPTOP-DFV9CMRA 5.15.57.1-microsoft-standard-WSL2 #1 SMP Wed Jul 27 02:20:31 UTC 2022 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@LAPTOP-DFV9CMRA ~]#
yum repolist 查看源列表：
[root@LAPTOP-DFV9CMRA ~]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.bupt.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.bupt.edu.cn
* updates: mirrors.bupt.edu.cn
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
(1/4): base/7/x86_64/group_gz | 153 kB 00:00:00
(2/4): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 250 kB 00:00:00
(3/4): base/7/x86_64/primary_db | 6.1 MB 00:00:02
(4/4): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 17 MB 00:00:36
repo id repo name status
base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base 10,072
extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras 516
updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates 4,156
repolist: 14,744
[root@LAPTOP-DFV9CMRA ~]#
执行命令备份源
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup
替换阿里源
[root@LAPTOP-DFV9CMRA ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup
[root@LAPTOP-DFV9CMRA ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 2523 100 2523 0 0 21906 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 21939
[root@LAPTOP-DFV9CMRA ~]#
重建缓存，感觉阿里云的地址更慢啊。
[root@LAPTOP-DFV9CMRA ~]# yum makecache
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
(1/6): extras/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 277 kB 00:00:09
base/7/x86_64/other_db FAILED ] 130 kB/s | 3.1 MB 00:02:18 ETA
http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/repodata/ecaab5cc3b9c10fefe6be2ecbf6f9fcb437231dac3e82cab8d9d2cf70e99644d-other.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 14] curl#7 - "Failed to connect to 2401:b180:4100::2: Network is unreachable"
Trying other mirror.
extras/7/x86_64/other_db FAILED
http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/extras/x86_64/repodata/5ed35184b6160999eff67a1ce6f909e9c507535aafeea94489e2bc7a23bc9fd5-other.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 14] curl#7 - "Failed to connect to 2401:b180:4100::2: Network is unreachable"
Trying other mirror.
base/7/x86_64/other_db FAILED
http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/repodata/ecaab5cc3b9c10fefe6be2ecbf6f9fcb437231dac3e82cab8d9d2cf70e99644d-other.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 14] curl#6 - "Could not resolve host: mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com; Unknown error"
Trying other mirror.
(2/6): extras/7/x86_64/other_db | 149 kB 00:00:01
updates/7/x86_64/other_db FAILED ] 198 kB/s | 5.0 MB 00:01:20 ETA
http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/updates/x86_64/repodata/46ffde52a82e78929ad08ae00ca7ea499be798e2ed9d46236d970d93febd9bef-other.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 14] curl#7 - "Failed to connect to 2401:b180:4100::2: Network is unreachable"
Trying other mirror.
(3/6): updates/7/x86_64/other_db | 1.1 MB 00:00:18
(4/6): base/7/x86_64/other_db | 2.6 MB 00:00:32
(5/6): base/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 7.2 MB 00:02:11
(6/6): updates/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 9.4 MB 00:03:14
Metadata Cache Created
[root@LAPTOP-DFV9CMRA ~]#
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup.aliyun
换回来
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
[root@LAPTOP-DFV9CMRA ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup.aliyun
[root@LAPTOP-DFV9CMRA ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
[root@LAPTOP-DFV9CMRA ~]# yum makecache
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.bupt.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.bupt.edu.cn
* updates: mirrors.bupt.edu.cn
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
Metadata Cache Created
[root@LAPTOP-DFV9CMRA ~]#
[root@LAPTOP-DFV9CMRA ~]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.njupt.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
repo id repo name status
base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base 10,072
extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras 516
updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates 4,156
repolist: 14,744
[root@LAPTOP-DFV9CMRA ~]#
yum install epel-release -y
[root@LAPTOP-DFV9CMRA ~]# yum install epel-release -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package epel-release.noarch 0:7-11 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
========================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
========================================================================================================================
Installing:
epel-release noarch 7-11 extras 15 k
Transaction Summary
========================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 15 k
Installed size: 24 k
Downloading packages:
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/extras/packages/epel-release-7-11.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Public key for epel-release-7-11.noarch.rpm is not installed
epel-release-7-11.noarch.rpm | 15 kB 00:00:00
Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
Importing GPG key 0xF4A80EB5:
Userid : "CentOS-7 Key (CentOS 7 Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>"
Fingerprint: 6341 ab27 53d7 8a78 a7c2 7bb1 24c6 a8a7 f4a8 0eb5
Package : centos-release-7-9.2009.0.el7.centos.x86_64 (installed)
From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : epel-release-7-11.noarch 1/1
Verifying : epel-release-7-11.noarch 1/1
Installed:
epel-release.noarch 0:7-11
Complete!
[root@LAPTOP-DFV9CMRA ~]#
yum list | grep epel-release
[root@LAPTOP-DFV9CMRA ~]# yum list | grep epel-release
epel-release.noarch 7-11 @extras
epel-release.noarch 7-14 epel
[root@LAPTOP-DFV9CMRA ~]#
内核
[root@LAPTOP-DFV9CMRA ~]# uname -r
5.15.57.1-microsoft-standard-WSL2
[root@LAPTOP-DFV9CMRA ~]#
git
yum install git -y
yum install psmisc 【 安装killall命令】
make
yum -y install gcc automake autoconf libtool make
安装g++
yum install gcc gcc-c++ pcre pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel bzip2 -y
PCRE
cd /usr/local/src
wget https://ftp.pcre.org/pub/pcre/pcre-8.43.tar.gz
tar -zxvf pcre-8.43.tar.gz
cd pcre-8.43/
./configure
make && make install
ssh
yum install openssh-server openssh
cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config
#port --代表端口号
#permitRootLogin --允许root用户登录
[root@LAPTOP-DFV9CMRA ~]#
[root@LAPTOP-DFV9CMRA ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg original-ks.cfg
[root@LAPTOP-DFV9CMRA ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg original-ks.cfg
[root@LAPTOP-DFV9CMRA ~]# cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config
# $OpenBSD: sshd_config,v 1.100 2016/08/15 12:32:04 naddy Exp $
# This is the sshd server system-wide configuration file. See
# sshd_config(5) for more information.
# This sshd was compiled with PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin
# The strategy used for options in the default sshd_config shipped with
# OpenSSH is to specify options with their default value where
# possible, but leave them commented. Uncommented options override the
# default value.
# If you want to change the port on a SELinux system, you have to tell
# SELinux about this change.
# semanage port -a -t ssh_port_t -p tcp #PORTNUMBER
#
#Port 22
#AddressFamily any
#ListenAddress 0.0.0.0
#ListenAddress ::
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
#HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key
# Ciphers and keying
#RekeyLimit default none
# Logging
#SyslogFacility AUTH
SyslogFacility AUTHPRIV
#LogLevel INFO
# Authentication:
#LoginGraceTime 2m
#PermitRootLogin yes
#StrictModes yes
#MaxAuthTries 6
#MaxSessions 10
#PubkeyAuthentication yes
# The default is to check both .ssh/authorized_keys and .ssh/authorized_keys2
# but this is overridden so installations will only check .ssh/authorized_keys
AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys
#AuthorizedPrincipalsFile none
#AuthorizedKeysCommand none
#AuthorizedKeysCommandUser nobody
# For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts
#HostbasedAuthentication no
# Change to yes if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for
# HostbasedAuthentication
#IgnoreUserKnownHosts no
# Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files
#IgnoreRhosts yes
# To disable tunneled clear text passwords, change to no here!
#PasswordAuthentication yes
#PermitEmptyPasswords no
PasswordAuthentication yes
# Change to no to disable s/key passwords
#ChallengeResponseAuthentication yes
ChallengeResponseAuthentication no
# Kerberos options
#KerberosAuthentication no
#KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes
#KerberosTicketCleanup yes
#KerberosGetAFSToken no
#KerberosUseKuserok yes
# GSSAPI options
GSSAPIAuthentication yes
GSSAPICleanupCredentials no
#GSSAPIStrictAcceptorCheck yes
#GSSAPIKeyExchange no
#GSSAPIEnablek5users no
# Set this to 'yes' to enable PAM authentication, account processing,
# and session processing. If this is enabled, PAM authentication will
# be allowed through the ChallengeResponseAuthentication and
# PasswordAuthentication. Depending on your PAM configuration,
# PAM authentication via ChallengeResponseAuthentication may bypass
# the setting of "PermitRootLogin without-password".
# If you just want the PAM account and session checks to run without
# PAM authentication, then enable this but set PasswordAuthentication
# and ChallengeResponseAuthentication to 'no'.
# WARNING: 'UsePAM no' is not supported in Red Hat Enterprise Linux and may cause several
# problems.
UsePAM yes
#AllowAgentForwarding yes
#AllowTcpForwarding yes
#GatewayPorts no
X11Forwarding yes
#X11DisplayOffset 10
#X11UseLocalhost yes
#PermitTTY yes
#PrintMotd yes
#PrintLastLog yes
#TCPKeepAlive yes
#UseLogin no
#UsePrivilegeSeparation sandbox
#PermitUserEnvironment no
#Compression delayed
#ClientAliveInterval 0
#ClientAliveCountMax 3
#ShowPatchLevel no
#UseDNS yes
#PidFile /var/run/sshd.pid
#MaxStartups 10:30:100
#PermitTunnel no
#ChrootDirectory none
#VersionAddendum none
# no default banner path
#Banner none
# Accept locale-related environment variables
AcceptEnv LANG LC_CTYPE LC_NUMERIC LC_TIME LC_COLLATE LC_MONETARY LC_MESSAGES
AcceptEnv LC_PAPER LC_NAME LC_ADDRESS LC_TELEPHONE LC_MEASUREMENT
AcceptEnv LC_IDENTIFICATION LC_ALL LANGUAGE
AcceptEnv XMODIFIERS
# override default of no subsystems
Subsystem sftp /usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server
# Example of overriding settings on a per-user basis
#Match User anoncvs
# X11Forwarding no
# AllowTcpForwarding no
# PermitTTY no
# ForceCommand cvs server
[root@LAPTOP-DFV9CMRA ~]#
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