Linux在启动时,会自动去分析和检查系统分区,如果发现文件系统有简单的错误,会自动修复,如果文件系统破坏比较严重,系统无法完成修复时,系统就会自动进入单用户模式下或者出现一个交互界面,提示用户介入手动修复,现象类似下面所示: checking root filesystem /dev/sdb5 contains a file system with errors, check forced /dev/sdb5: Unattached inode 68338812 /dev/sdb5: UNEXPECTED INCONSISTENCY; RUN fsck MANUALLY (i.e., without -a or -p options) FAILED /contains a file system with errors check forced an eror occurred during the file system check ****dropping you to a shell;the system will reboot ****when you leave the shell Press enter for maintenance (or type Control-D to continue): give root password for maintenance 从这个错误可以看出,系统根分区文件系统出现了问题,系统在启动时无法自动修复,然后进入到了一个交互界面,提示用户进行系统修复。 这个问题发生的几率很高,引起这个问题的主要原因就是系统突然掉电,引起文件系统结构不一致。一般情况下解决此问题的办法是采用fsck命令,进行强制修复。 根据上面的错误提示,当按下“Control-D”组合键后系统自动重启,当输入root密码后进入系统修复模式,在修复模式下,可以执行fsck命令,具体操作过程如下: [root@localhost /]#umount /dev/sdb5 [root@localhost /]#fsck .ext3 -y /dev/sdb5 e2fsck 1.39 (29-May-2006) / contains a file system with errors, check forced. Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes Pass 2: Checking directory structure Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity Pass 4: Checking reference counts Inode 6833812 ref count is 2, should be 1. Fix? yes Unattached inode 6833812 Connect to /lost+found? yes Inode 6833812 ref count is 2, should be 1. Fix? yes Pass 5: Checking group summary information Block bitmap differences: -(519--529) -9273 Fix? yes …… …… /: ***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED ***** /: 19/128520 files (15.8% non-contiguous), 46034/514048 blocks 上面就是fsck修复受损文件系统的过程,fsck详细用法在本书第四章有详细的讲述,这里不在多讲。需要注意的是,在执行fsck的时候,一定要先卸载要修复的分区,然后再执行修复操作,切记!