兄弟连区块链入门教程eth源码分析core-vm源码分析(二),合约创建 Create 会创建一个新的合约。 // Create creates a new contract using code as deployment code. func (evm *EVM) Create(caller ContractRef, code []byte, gas uint64, value *big.Int) (ret []byte, contractAddr common.Address, leftOverGas uint64, err error) { // Depth check execution. Fail if we're trying to execute above the // limit. if evm.depth > int(params.CallCreateDepth) { return nil, common.Address{}, gas, ErrDepth } if !evm.CanTransfer(evm.StateDB, caller.Address(), value) { return nil, common.Address{}, gas, ErrInsufficientBalance } // Ensure there's no existing contract already at the designated address // 确保特定的地址没有合约存在 nonce := evm.StateDB.GetNonce(caller.Address()) evm.StateDB.SetNonce(caller.Address(), nonce+1) contractAddr = crypto.CreateAddress(caller.Address(), nonce) contractHash := evm.StateDB.GetCodeHash(contractAddr) if evm.StateDB.GetNonce(contractAddr) != 0 || (contractHash != (common.Hash{}) && contractHash != emptyCodeHash) { //如果已经存在 return nil, common.Address{}, 0, ErrContractAddressCollision } // Create a new account on the state snapshot := evm.StateDB.Snapshot() //创建一个StateDB的快照,以便回滚 evm.StateDB.CreateAccount(contractAddr) //创建账户 if evm.ChainConfig().IsEIP158(evm.BlockNumber) { evm.StateDB.SetNonce(contractAddr, 1) //设置nonce } evm.Transfer(evm.StateDB, caller.Address(), contractAddr, value) //转账 // initialise a new contract and set the code that is to be used by the // E The contract is a scoped evmironment for this execution context // only. contract := NewContract(caller, AccountRef(contractAddr), value, gas) contract.SetCallCode(&contractAddr, crypto.Keccak256Hash(code), code) if evm.vmConfig.NoRecursion && evm.depth > 0 { return nil, contractAddr, gas, nil } ret, err = run(evm, snapshot, contract, nil) //执行合约的初始化代码 // check whether the max code size has been exceeded // 检查初始化生成的代码的长度不超过限制 maxCodeSizeExceeded := evm.ChainConfig().IsEIP158(evm.BlockNumber) && len(ret) > params.MaxCodeSize // if the contract creation ran successfully and no errors were returned // calculate the gas required to store the code. If the code could not // be stored due to not enough gas set an error and let it be handled // by the error checking condition below. //如果合同创建成功并且没有错误返回,则计算存储代码所需的GAS。 如果由于没有足够的GAS而导致代码不能被存储设置错误,并通过下面的错误检查条件来处理。 if err == nil && !maxCodeSizeExceeded { createDataGas := uint64(len(ret)) * params.CreateDataGas if contract.UseGas(createDataGas) { evm.StateDB.SetCode(contractAddr, ret) } else { err = ErrCodeStoreOutOfGas } } // When an error was returned by the EVM or when setting the creation code // above we revert to the snapshot and consume any gas remaining. Additionally // when we're in homestead this also counts for code storage gas errors. // 当错误返回我们回滚修改, if maxCodeSizeExceeded || (err != nil && (evm.ChainConfig().IsHomestead(evm.BlockNumber) || err != ErrCodeStoreOutOfGas)) { evm.StateDB.RevertToSnapshot(snapshot) if err != errExecutionReverted { contract.UseGas(contract.Gas) } } // Assign err if contract code size exceeds the max while the err is still empty. if maxCodeSizeExceeded && err == nil { err = errMaxCodeSizeExceeded } return ret, contractAddr, contract.Gas, err } Call方法, 无论我们转账或者是执行合约代码都会调用到这里, 同时合约里面的call指令也会执行到这里。 // Call executes the contract associated with the addr with the given input as // parameters. It also handles any necessary value transfer required and takes // the necessary steps to create accounts and reverses the state in case of an // execution error or failed value transfer. // Call 执行与给定的input作为参数与addr相关联的合约。 // 它还处理所需的任何必要的转账操作,并采取必要的步骤来创建帐户 // 并在任意错误的情况下回滚所做的操作。 func (evm *EVM) Call(caller ContractRef, addr common.Address, input []byte, gas uint64, value *big.Int) (ret []byte, leftOverGas uint64, err error) { if evm.vmConfig.NoRecursion && evm.depth > 0 { return nil, gas, nil } // Fail if we're trying to execute above the call depth limit // 调用深度最多1024 if evm.depth > int(params.CallCreateDepth) { return nil, gas, ErrDepth } // Fail if we're trying to transfer more than the available balance // 查看我们的账户是否有足够的金钱。 if !evm.Context.CanTransfer(evm.StateDB, caller.Address(), value) { return nil, gas, ErrInsufficientBalance } var ( to = AccountRef(addr) snapshot = evm.StateDB.Snapshot() ) if !evm.StateDB.Exist(addr) { // 查看指定地址是否存在 // 如果地址不存在,查看是否是 native go的合约, native go的合约在 // contracts.go 文件里面 precompiles := PrecompiledContractsHomestead if evm.ChainConfig().IsByzantium(evm.BlockNumber) { precompiles = PrecompiledContractsByzantium } if precompiles[addr] == nil && evm.ChainConfig().IsEIP158(evm.BlockNumber) && value.Sign() == 0 { // 如果不是指定的合约地址, 并且value的值为0那么返回正常,而且这次调用没有消耗Gas return nil, gas, nil } // 负责在本地状态创建addr evm.StateDB.CreateAccount(addr) } // 执行转账 evm.Transfer(evm.StateDB, caller.Address(), to.Address(), value) // initialise a new contract and set the code that is to be used by the // E The contract is a scoped environment for this execution context // only. contract := NewContract(caller, to, value, gas) contract.SetCallCode(&addr, evm.StateDB.GetCodeHash(addr), evm.StateDB.GetCode(addr)) ret, err = run(evm, snapshot, contract, input) // When an error was returned by the EVM or when setting the creation code // above we revert to the snapshot and consume any gas remaining. Additionally // when we're in homestead this also counts for code storage gas errors. if err != nil { evm.StateDB.RevertToSnapshot(snapshot) if err != errExecutionReverted { // 如果是由revert指令触发的错误,因为ICO一般设置了人数限制或者资金限制 // 在大家抢购的时候很可能会触发这些限制条件,导致被抽走不少钱。这个时候 // 又不能设置比较低的GasPrice和GasLimit。因为要速度快。 // 那么不会使用剩下的全部Gas,而是只会使用代码执行的Gas // 不然会被抽走 GasLimit *GasPrice的钱,那可不少。 contract.UseGas(contract.Gas) } } return ret, contract.Gas, err } 剩下的三个函数 CallCode, DelegateCall, 和 StaticCall,这三个函数不能由外部调用,只能由Opcode触发。 CallCode // CallCode differs from Call in the sense that it executes the given address' // code with the caller as context. // CallCode与Call不同的地方在于它使用caller的context来执行给定地址的代码。 func (evm *EVM) CallCode(caller ContractRef, addr common.Address, input []byte, gas uint64, value *big.Int) (ret []byte, leftOverGas uint64, err error) { if evm.vmConfig.NoRecursion && evm.depth > 0 { return nil, gas, nil } // Fail if we're trying to execute above the call depth limit if evm.depth > int(params.CallCreateDepth) { return nil, gas, ErrDepth } // Fail if we're trying to transfer more than the available balance if !evm.CanTransfer(evm.StateDB, caller.Address(), value) { return nil, gas, ErrInsufficientBalance } var ( snapshot = evm.StateDB.Snapshot() to = AccountRef(caller.Address()) //这里是最不同的地方 to的地址被修改为caller的地址了 而且没有转账的行为 ) // initialise a new contract and set the code that is to be used by the // E The contract is a scoped evmironment for this execution context // only. contract := NewContract(caller, to, value, gas) contract.SetCallCode(&addr, evm.StateDB.GetCodeHash(addr), evm.StateDB.GetCode(addr)) ret, err = run(evm, snapshot, contract, input) if err != nil { evm.StateDB.RevertToSnapshot(snapshot) if err != errExecutionReverted { contract.UseGas(contract.Gas) } } return ret, contract.Gas, err } DelegateCall // DelegateCall differs from CallCode in the sense that it executes the given address' // code with the caller as context and the caller is set to the caller of the caller. // DelegateCall 和 CallCode不同的地方在于 caller被设置为 caller的caller func (evm *EVM) DelegateCall(caller ContractRef, addr common.Address, input []byte, gas uint64) (ret []byte, leftOverGas uint64, err error) { if evm.vmConfig.NoRecursion && evm.depth > 0 { return nil, gas, nil } // Fail if we're trying to execute above the call depth limit if evm.depth > int(params.CallCreateDepth) { return nil, gas, ErrDepth } var ( snapshot = evm.StateDB.Snapshot() to = AccountRef(caller.Address()) ) // Initialise a new contract and make initialise the delegate values // 标识为AsDelete() contract := NewContract(caller, to, nil, gas).AsDelegate() contract.SetCallCode(&addr, evm.StateDB.GetCodeHash(addr), evm.StateDB.GetCode(addr)) ret, err = run(evm, snapshot, contract, input) if err != nil { evm.StateDB.RevertToSnapshot(snapshot) if err != errExecutionReverted { contract.UseGas(contract.Gas) } } return ret, contract.Gas, err } // StaticCall executes the contract associated with the addr with the given input // as parameters while disallowing any modifications to the state during the call. // Opcodes that attempt to perform such modifications will result in exceptions // instead of performing the modifications. // StaticCall不允许执行任何修改状态的操作, func (evm *EVM) StaticCall(caller ContractRef, addr common.Address, input []byte, gas uint64) (ret []byte, leftOverGas uint64, err error) { if evm.vmConfig.NoRecursion && evm.depth > 0 { return nil, gas, nil } // Fail if we're trying to execute above the call depth limit if evm.depth > int(params.CallCreateDepth) { return nil, gas, ErrDepth } // Make sure the readonly is only set if we aren't in readonly yet // this makes also sure that the readonly flag isn't removed for // child calls. if !evm.interpreter.readOnly { evm.interpreter.readOnly = true defer func() { evm.interpreter.readOnly = false }() } var ( to = AccountRef(addr) snapshot = evm.StateDB.Snapshot() ) // Initialise a new contract and set the code that is to be used by the // EVM. The contract is a scoped environment for this execution context // only. contract := NewContract(caller, to, new(big.Int), gas) contract.SetCallCode(&addr, evm.StateDB.GetCodeHash(addr), evm.StateDB.GetCode(addr)) // When an error was returned by the EVM or when setting the creation code // above we revert to the snapshot and consume any gas remaining. Additionally // when we're in Homestead this also counts for code storage gas errors. ret, err = run(evm, snapshot, contract, input) if err != nil { evm.StateDB.RevertToSnapshot(snapshot) if err != errExecutionReverted { contract.UseGas(contract.Gas) } } return ret, contract.Gas, err }
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