Python有很多第三方的模块或包,要管理这些包,有很多方法。python的pip包管理工具,类似与CentOS中yum,使用该工具安装Python包非常方便。
从Python内部来说,pip 是一个安装和管理 Python 包的工具 , 是 easy_install 的一个替换品。
distribute是setuptools的取代(Setuptools包后期不再维护了),pip是easy_install的取代。
pip的安装前需要setuptools 或者 distribute,如果你使用的是Python3.x那么就只能使用distribute因为Python3.x不支持setuptools。
我的CentOS环境是Python 2.6,所以在之前已经按照好了setuptools,安装下面的步骤安装pip包管理工具。
1.pip工具的下载安装
pip下载命令为:
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- # cd /usr/local/src --路径可以根据情况修改
- # wget "https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pip/pip-1.5.4.tar.gz#md5=834b2904f92d46aaa333267fb1c922bb" --no-check-certificate
pip 安装命令为:
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- # tar -xzvf pip-1.5.4.tar.gz
- # cd pip-1.5.4
- # python setup.py install
2.pip工具使用方法
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- pip安装一个包
- # pip install SomePackage
- [...]
- Successfully installed SomePackage
-
- pip列出已经安装的包
- # pip list
-
- pip查看已经安装的包
- # pip show --files SomePackage
- Name: SomePackage
- Version: 1.0
- Location: /my/env/lib/pythonx.x/site-packages
- Files:
- ../somepackage/__init__.py
- [...]
-
- pip检查哪些包需要更新
- # pip list --outdated
- SomePackage (Current: 1.0 Latest: 2.0)
-
-
- pip升级包
- # pip install --upgrade SomePackage
- [...]
- Found existing installation: SomePackage 1.0
- Uninstalling SomePackage:
- Successfully uninstalled SomePackage
- Running setup.py install for SomePackage
- Successfully installed SomePackage
-
- pip卸载包
- $ pip uninstall SomePackage
- Uninstalling SomePackage:
- /my/env/lib/pythonx.x/site-packages/somepackage
- Proceed (y/n)? y
- Successfully uninstalled SomePackage
3.pip命令参数解释
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- # pip --help
-
- Usage:
- pip <command> [options]
-
- Commands:
- install 安装包.
- uninstall 卸载包.
- freeze 按着一定格式输出已安装包列表
- list 列出已安装包.
- show 显示包详细信息.
- search 搜索包,类似yum里的search.
- wheel Build wheels from your requirements.
- zip 不推荐. Zip individual packages.
- unzip 不推荐. Unzip individual packages.
- bundle 不推荐. Create pybundles.
- help 当前帮助.
-
- General Options:
- -h, --help 显示帮助.
- -v, --verbose 更多的输出,最多可以使用3次
- -V, --version 现实版本信息然后退出.
- -q, --quiet 最少的输出.
- --log-file <path> 覆盖的方式记录verbose错误日志,默认文件:/root/.pip/pip.log
- --log <path> 不覆盖记录verbose输出的日志.
- --proxy <proxy> Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.
- --timeout <sec> 连接超时时间 (默认15秒).
- --exists-action <action> Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup.
- --cert <path> 证书.
4.pip管理包实际执行过程:
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- #使用pip 安装Python操作Excel的模块 XlsxWriter
- # pip install XlsxWriter
- Downloading/unpacking XlsxWriter
- Downloading XlsxWriter-0.7.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (132kB): 132kB downloaded
- Installing collected packages: XlsxWriter
- Successfully installed XlsxWriter
- Cleaning up...
- [root@centos01 pip-1.5.4]#
- [root@centos01 pip-1.5.4]# pip list
- Beaker (1.3.1)
- cas (0.15)
- decorator (3.0.1)
- distribute (0.6.10)
- ethtool (0.6)
- firstboot (1.110)
- FormEncode (1.3.0)
- freeipa (2.0.0.alpha.0)
- iniparse (0.3.1)
- iotop (0.3.2)
- ipapython (3.0.0)
- iwlib (1.0)
- kerberos (1.0)
- lxml (2.2.3)
- Mako (0.3.4)
- MarkupSafe (0.9.2)
- matplotlib (0.99.1.1)
- netaddr (0.7.5)
- nose (0.10.4)
- numpy (1.4.1)
- ordereddict (1.2)
- paramiko (1.7.5)
- pip (1.5.4)
- psutil (2.0.0)
- pycrypto (2.0.1)
- pycurl (7.19.0)
- PyDispatcher (2.0.5)
- pygpgme (0.1)
- pyOpenSSL (0.10)
- python-dateutil (1.4.1)
- python-default-encoding (0.1)
- python-ldap (2.3.10)
- python-meh (0.11)
- python-nss (0.13)
- pytz (2010h)
- pyxdg (0.18)
- scdate (1.9.60)
- sckdump (2.0.5)
- scservices (0.99.45)
- scservices.dbus (0.99.45)
- setuptools (18.2)
- slip (0.2.20)
- slip.dbus (0.2.20)
- slip.gtk (0.2.20)
- Warning: cannot find svn location for SQLObject==3.0.0a1dev-20150327
- SQLObject (3.0.0a1dev-20150327)
- SSSDConfig (1.9.2)
- urlgrabber (3.9.1)
- XlsxWriter (0.7.3)
- yum-metadata-parser (1.1.2)
- #
-
- #使用pip 显示Python操作Excel的模块 XlsxWriter
- # pip show --files XlsxWriter
- ---
- Name: XlsxWriter
- Version: 0.7.3
- Location: /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages
- Requires:
- Files:
- Cannot locate installed-files.txt
- #
-
- #使用pip 显示已经安装的Python的包
- # pip list
- Beaker (1.3.1)
- cas (0.15)
- decorator (3.0.1)
- distribute (0.6.10)
- ethtool (0.6)
- firstboot (1.110)
- FormEncode (1.3.0)
- freeipa (2.0.0.alpha.0)
- iniparse (0.3.1)
- iotop (0.3.2)
- ipapython (3.0.0)
- iwlib (1.0)
- kerberos (1.0)
- lxml (2.2.3)
- Mako (0.3.4)
- MarkupSafe (0.9.2)
- matplotlib (0.99.1.1)
- netaddr (0.7.5)
- nose (0.10.4)
- numpy (1.4.1)
- ordereddict (1.2)
- paramiko (1.7.5)
- pip (1.5.4)
- psutil (2.0.0)
- pycrypto (2.0.1)
- pycurl (7.19.0)
- PyDispatcher (2.0.5)
- pygpgme (0.1)
- pyOpenSSL (0.10)
- python-dateutil (1.4.1)
- python-default-encoding (0.1)
- python-ldap (2.3.10)
- python-meh (0.11)
- python-nss (0.13)
- pytz (2010h)
- pyxdg (0.18)
- scdate (1.9.60)
- sckdump (2.0.5)
- scservices (0.99.45)
- scservices.dbus (0.99.45)
- setuptools (18.2)
- slip (0.2.20)
- slip.dbus (0.2.20)
- slip.gtk (0.2.20)
- Warning: cannot find svn location for SQLObject==3.0.0a1dev-20150327
- SQLObject (3.0.0a1dev-20150327)
- SSSDConfig (1.9.2)
- urlgrabber (3.9.1)
- yum-metadata-parser (1.1.2)
- [root@centos01 pip-1.5.4]
-
- #使用pip 显示需要更新的包
- # pip list --outdated
- Warning: cannot find svn location for SQLObject==3.0.0a1dev-20150327
- psutil (Current: 2.0.0 Latest: 3.1.1)
- pip (Current: 1.5.4 Latest: 7.1.2)
- matplotlib (Current: 0.99.1.1 Latest: 1.4.3)
- iwlib (Current: 1.0 Latest: 1.5)
- pycrypto (Current: 2.0.1 Latest: 2.6.1)
- pyOpenSSL (Current: 0.10 Latest: 0.15.1)
- Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement python-default-encoding
- Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external python-default-encoding to allow).
- python-nss (Current: 0.13 Latest: 0.16.0)
- MarkupSafe (Current: 0.9.2 Latest: 0.23)
- lxml (Current: 2.2.3 Latest: 3.4.4)
- pygpgme (Current: 0.1 Latest: 0.3)
- pycurl (Current: 7.19.0 Latest: 7.19.5.1)
- Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement ethtool
- Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external ethtool to allow).
- numpy (Current: 1.4.1 Latest: 1.9.2)
- kerberos (Current: 1.0 Latest: 1.2.2)
- Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement yum-metadata-parser
- Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external yum-metadata-parser to allow).
- python-ldap (Current: 2.3.10 Latest: 2.4.20)
- Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement sckdump
- Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external sckdump to allow).
- Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement ipapython
- Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external ipapython to allow).
- Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement slip.gtk
- Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external slip.gtk to allow).
- Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement firstboot
- Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external firstboot to allow).
- Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement scdate
- Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external scdate to allow).
- Mako (Current: 0.3.4 Latest: 1.0.2)
- Beaker (Current: 1.3.1 Latest: 1.7.0)
- cas (Current: 0.15 Latest: 1.22)
- distribute (Current: 0.6.10 Latest: 0.7.3)
- Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement scservices.dbus
- Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external scservices.dbus to allow).
- python-dateutil (Current: 1.4.1 Latest: 2.4.2)
- Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement sssdconfig
- Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external sssdconfig to allow).
- decorator (Current: 3.0.1 Latest: 4.0.2)
- nose (Current: 0.10.4 Latest: 1.3.7)
- Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement freeipa
- Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external freeipa to allow).
- iniparse (Current: 0.3.1 Latest: 0.4)
- Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement slip.dbus
- Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external slip.dbus to allow).
- netaddr (Current: 0.7.5 Latest: 0.7.15)
- paramiko (Current: 1.7.5 Latest: 1.15.2)
- Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement python-meh
- Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external python-meh to allow).
- pytz (Current: 2010h Latest: 2015.4)
- Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement scservices
- Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external scservices to allow).
- Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement iotop
- Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external iotop to allow).
- pyxdg (Current: 0.18 Latest: 0.25)
- #
-
- #使用pip 升级psutil模块
- # pip install --upgrade psutil
- Downloading/unpacking psutil from https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/psutil/psutil-3.1.1.tar.gz#md5=b34360627efb429cb18a4a3143b18c8c
- Downloading psutil-3.1.1.tar.gz (247kB): 247kB downloaded
- Running setup.py (path:/tmp/pip_build_root/psutil/setup.py) egg_info for package psutil
- /tmp/pip_build_root/psutil/setup.py:12: DeprecationWarning: Parameters to load are deprecated. Call .resolve and .require separately.
- import os
- warning: no previously-included files matching '*' found under directory 'docs/_build'
- warning: manifest_maker: MANIFEST.in, line 18: 'recursive-include' expects <dir> <pattern1> <pattern2> ...
- Installing collected packages: psutil
- Found existing installation: psutil 2.0.0
- Uninstalling psutil:
- Successfully uninstalled psutil
- Running setup.py install for psutil
- building 'psutil._psutil_linux' extension
- gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -DPSUTIL_VERSION=311 -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c psutil/_psutil_linux.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psutil/_psutil_linux.o
- psutil/_psutil_linux.c: In function ‘psutil_proc_cpu_affinity_set’:
- psutil/_psutil_linux.c:420: warning: suggest explicit braces to avoid ambiguous ‘else’
- gcc -pthread -shared build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psutil/_psutil_linux.o -L/usr/lib64 -lpython2.6 -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/psutil/_psutil_linux.so
- building 'psutil._psutil_posix' extension
- gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c psutil/_psutil_posix.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psutil/_psutil_posix.o
- gcc -pthread -shared build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psutil/_psutil_posix.o -L/usr/lib64 -lpython2.6 -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/psutil/_psutil_posix.so
- warning: no previously-included files matching '*' found under directory 'docs/_build'
- warning: manifest_maker: MANIFEST.in, line 18: 'recursive-include' expects <dir> <pattern1> <pattern2> ...
- Successfully installed psutil
- Cleaning up...
-
-
- #使用pip 卸载Python操作Excel的模块 XlsxWriter
- [root@centos01 pip-1.5.4]# pip uninstall XlsxWriter
- Uninstalling XlsxWriter:
- /usr/bin/vba_extract.py
- /usr/bin/vba_extract.pyc
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/XlsxWriter-0.7.3.dist-info/DESCRIPTION.rst
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/XlsxWriter-0.7.3.dist-info/METADATA
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/XlsxWriter-0.7.3.dist-info/RECORD
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/XlsxWriter-0.7.3.dist-info/WHEEL
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/XlsxWriter-0.7.3.dist-info/metadata.json
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/XlsxWriter-0.7.3.dist-info/top_level.txt
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/__init__.py
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/__init__.pyc
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/app.py
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/app.pyc
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart.py
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart.pyc
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_area.py
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_area.pyc
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_bar.py
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_bar.pyc
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_column.py
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_column.pyc
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_doughnut.py
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_doughnut.pyc
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_line.py
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_line.pyc
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_pie.py
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_pie.pyc
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_radar.py
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_radar.pyc
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_scatter.py
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_scatter.pyc
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_stock.py
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_stock.pyc
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chartsheet.py
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chartsheet.pyc
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/comments.py
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/comments.pyc
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/compat_collections.py
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/compat_collections.pyc
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/compatibility.py
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/compatibility.pyc
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/contenttypes.py
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/contenttypes.pyc
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/core.py
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/core.pyc
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/drawing.py
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/drawing.pyc
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/format.py
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/format.pyc
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/packager.py
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/packager.pyc
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/relationships.py
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/relationships.pyc
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/shape.py
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/shape.pyc
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/sharedstrings.py
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/sharedstrings.pyc
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/styles.py
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/styles.pyc
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/table.py
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/table.pyc
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/theme.py
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/theme.pyc
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/utility.py
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/utility.pyc
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/vml.py
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/vml.pyc
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/workbook.py
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/workbook.pyc
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/worksheet.py
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/worksheet.pyc
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/xmlwriter.py
- /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/xmlwriter.pyc
- Proceed (y/n)? y
- Successfully uninstalled XlsxWriter
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转载于:http://blog.itpub.net/24638123/viewspace-1784049/