Oracle清理SYSAUX表空间

11g的数据库因为BUG，导致与AWR相关的分区表不会自动split，这样一来，oracle自动清理策略不会生效，导致AWR数据越来越大，撑满SYSAUX表空间。
12c不存在这个问题。
检查快照实际保留时间与设定值的差异
14:51:28 SQL> col ash for a30
14:51:41 SQL> col SNAP for a30
14:51:46 SQL> col RETENTION for a30
14:51:51 SQL> select sysdate - a.sample_time ash,
14:51:53   2  sysdate - s.begin_interval_time snap,
14:51:53   3  c.RETENTION
14:51:53   4  from sys.wrm$_wr_control c,
14:51:53   5  (
14:51:53   6  select db.dbid,
14:51:53   7  min(w.sample_time) sample_time
14:51:53   8  from sys.v_$database db,
14:51:54   9  sys.Wrh$_active_session_history w
14:51:54  10  where w.dbid = db.dbid group by db.dbid
14:51:54  11  ) a,
14:51:54  12  (
14:51:54  13  select db.dbid,
14:51:54  14  min(r.begin_interval_time) begin_interval_time
14:51:54  15  from sys.v_$database db,
14:51:54  16  sys.wrm$_snapshot r
14:51:54  17  where r.dbid = db.dbid
14:51:54  18  group by db.dbid
14:51:54  19  ) s
14:51:54  20  where a.dbid = s.dbid
14:51:54  21  and c.dbid = a.dbid;

ASH                            SNAP                           RETENTION
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------
+000000851 21:45:18.673        +000000008 17:01:35.550        +00008 00:00:00.0

1 row selected.
ASH保留了851天，但是设定值是8天。

SYSAUX表空间的使用情况
15:04:31 SQL> COL Item FOR A30
15:05:18 SQL> COL Schema FOR A30
15:05:49 SQL>   SELECT occupant_name "Item",
15:05:50   2           space_usage_kbytes / 1048576 "Space Used (GB)",
15:05:50   3           schema_name "Schema",
15:05:50   4           move_procedure "Move Procedure"
15:05:51   5      FROM v$sysaux_occupants
15:05:51   6    ORDER BY 2 desc ;

Item                           Space Used (GB) Schema                         Move Procedure
------------------------------ --------------- ------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------
SM/AWR                              10.2494507 SYS
SM/OPTSTAT                          .566101074 SYS
XDB                                 .123962402 XDB                            XDB.DBMS_XDB.MOVEXDB_TABLESPACE
LOGMNR                              .073669434 SYSTEM                         SYS.DBMS_LOGMNR_D.SET_TABLESPACE
SDO                                 .072509766 MDSYS                          MDSYS.MOVE_SDO
SM/ADVISOR                          .067810059 SYS
EM                                  .047058105 SYSMAN                         emd_maintenance.move_em_tblspc
AO                                   .03729248 SYS                            DBMS_AW.MOVE_AWMETA
XSOQHIST                             .03729248 SYS                            DBMS_XSOQ.OlapiMoveProc
JOB_SCHEDULER                        .02557373 SYS
ORDIM/ORDDATA                       .013244629 ORDDATA                        ordsys.ord_admin.move_ordim_tblspc
SM/OTHER                             .00769043 SYS
XSAMD                               .005004883 OLAPSYS                        DBMS_AMD.Move_OLAP_Catalog
SMON_SCN_TIME                       .004150391 SYS
EXPRESSION_FILTER                   .003540039 EXFSYS
TEXT                                .003540039 CTXSYS                         DRI_MOVE_CTXSYS
WM                                  .002380371 WMSYS                          DBMS_WM.move_proc
SQL_MANAGEMENT_BASE                 .001647949 SYS
PL/SCOPE                            .001525879 SYS
STREAMS                             .001342773 SYS
LOGSTDBY                            .001342773 SYSTEM                         SYS.DBMS_LOGSTDBY.SET_TABLESPACE
EM_MONITORING_USER                  .000854492 DBSNMP
ORDIM                               .000427246 ORDSYS                         ordsys.ord_admin.move_ordim_tblspc
AUTO_TASK                           .000305176 SYS
ORDIM/SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA                     0 SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA             ordsys.ord_admin.move_ordim_tblspc
TSM                                          0 TSMSYS
AUDIT_TABLES                                 0 SYS                            DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.move_dbaudit_tables
ULTRASEARCH_DEMO_USER                        0 WK_TEST                        MOVE_WK
ULTRASEARCH                                  0 WKSYS                          MOVE_WK
ORDIM/ORDPLUGINS                             0 ORDPLUGINS                     ordsys.ord_admin.move_ordim_tblspc
STATSPACK                                    0 PERFSTAT

31 rows selected.

Elapsed: 00:00:00.84

SM/AWR的含义是Server Manageability - Automatic Workload Repository，如果它的值大那么表示AWR信息容量大。
SM/OPTSTAT的含义是Server Manageability - Optimizer Statistics History，如果它的值大那么表示优化器统计信息容量大。

查询具体哪些表占用量大
15:06:00 SQL>   select * from (
15:06:41   2   select segment_name,SEGMENT_TYPE,sum(bytes)/1024/1024 total_mb from dba_segments where tablespace_name =
15:06:41   3  'SYSAUX' group by segment_name,SEGMENT_TYPE order by 3 desc)
15:06:41   4   where rownum <=20;

SEGMENT_NAME                                                                      SEGMENT_TYPE         TOTAL_MB
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------ ----------
WRH$_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY                                                       TABLE PARTITION     2951.0625
WRH$_EVENT_HISTOGRAM_PK                                                           INDEX PARTITION      768.0625
WRH$_EVENT_HISTOGRAM                                                              TABLE PARTITION      736.0625
WRH$_LATCH                                                                        TABLE PARTITION      640.0625
WRH$_SQLSTAT                                                                      TABLE PARTITION      528.0625
WRH$_SYSSTAT_PK                                                                   INDEX PARTITION      432.0625
WRH$_SYSSTAT                                                                      TABLE PARTITION      408.0625
WRH$_PARAMETER_PK                                                                 INDEX PARTITION      384.0625
WRH$_LATCH_PK                                                                     INDEX PARTITION      376.0625
WRH$_LATCH_MISSES_SUMMARY                                                         TABLE PARTITION      336.0625
WRH$_PARAMETER                                                                    TABLE PARTITION      320.0625
WRH$_LATCH_MISSES_SUMMARY_PK                                                      INDEX PARTITION      320.0625
WRH$_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY_PK                                                    INDEX PARTITION      304.0625
WRH$_SEG_STAT                                                                     TABLE PARTITION      246.0625
WRH$_SERVICE_STAT_PK                                                              INDEX PARTITION      168.0625
WRH$_SYSTEM_EVENT                                                                 TABLE PARTITION      168.0625
WRH$_SQLSTAT_PK                                                                   INDEX PARTITION      160.0625
SYS_LOB0000006409C00004$$                                                         LOBSEGMENT                144
I_WRI$_OPTSTAT_H_OBJ#_ICOL#_ST                                                    INDEX                     136
WRH$_SEG_STAT_PK                                                                  INDEX PARTITION      112.0625

20 rows selected.

Elapsed: 00:00:00.09

查询快照信息：
15:06:41 SQL> SELECT MIN(SNAP_ID),MAX(SNAP_ID) FROM DBA_HIST_SNAPSHOT;

MIN(SNAP_ID) MAX(SNAP_ID)
------------ ------------
       20147        20354

1 row selected.

Elapsed: 00:00:00.00
15:07:22 SQL> SELECT MIN(SNAP_ID),MAX(SNAP_ID) FROM DBA_HIST_ACTIVE_SESS_HISTORY;

MIN(SNAP_ID) MAX(SNAP_ID)
------------ ------------
           1        20354

1 row selected.

Elapsed: 00:00:03.83

可以用下面的方法清理指定的快照数据。但是一般情况下，表空间告警的时候，WRH$_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY已经很大了，下面的方法其实就是delete，奇慢无比。
EXEC dbms_workload_repository.drop_snapshot_range(low_snap_id=>1, high_snap_id=>3);

上面的存储过程最主要的其实是下面的语句，可以通过v$session和v$sql抓取出来。
delete from WRH$_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY tab where (:beg_snap <=
tab.snap_id and         tab.snap_id <= :end_snap and         dbi
d = :dbid)    and not exists (select 1 from WRM$_BASELINE b
               where (tab.dbid = b.dbid) and
      (tab.snap_id >= b.start_snap_id) and
    (tab.snap_id <= b.end_snap_id))

下面的命令可以展示每个分区最大最小的snap id
15:29:35 SQL> set serveroutput on
15:29:43 SQL> declare
15:29:43   2  CURSOR cur_part IS
15:29:43   3  SELECT partition_name from dba_tab_partitions
15:29:43   4  WHERE table_name = 'WRH$_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY';
15:29:43   5  
15:29:43   6  query1 varchar2(200);
15:29:43   7  query2 varchar2(200);
15:29:43   8  
15:29:43   9  TYPE partrec IS RECORD (snapid number, dbid number);
15:29:43  10  TYPE partlist IS TABLE OF partrec;
15:29:43  11  
15:29:43  12  Outlist partlist;
15:29:43  13  begin
15:29:43  14  dbms_output.put_line('PARTITION NAME SNAP_ID DBID');
15:29:43  15  dbms_output.put_line('--------------------------- ------- ----------');
15:29:43  16  
15:29:43  17  for part in cur_part loop
15:29:43  18  query1 := 'select min(snap_id), dbid from sys.WRH$_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY partition ('||part.partition_name||') group by dbid';
15:29:43  19  execute immediate query1 bulk collect into OutList;
15:29:44  20  
15:29:44  21  if OutList.count > 0 then
15:29:44  22  for i in OutList.first..OutList.last loop
15:29:44  23  dbms_output.put_line(part.partition_name||' Min '||OutList(i).snapid||' '||OutList(i).dbid);
15:29:44  24  end loop;
15:29:44  25  end if;
15:29:44  26  
15:29:44  27  query2 := 'select max(snap_id), dbid from sys.WRH$_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY partition ('||part.partition_name||') group by dbid';
15:29:44  28  execute immediate query2 bulk collect into OutList;
15:29:44  29  
15:29:44  30  if OutList.count > 0 then
15:29:44  31  for i in OutList.first..OutList.last loop
15:29:44  32  dbms_output.put_line(part.partition_name||' Max '||OutList(i).snapid||' '||OutList(i).dbid);
15:29:44  33  dbms_output.put_line('---');
15:29:44  34  end loop;
15:29:44  35  end if;
15:29:44  36  
15:29:44  37  end loop;
15:29:44  38  end;
15:29:44  39  /
PARTITION NAME SNAP_ID DBID
--------------------------- ------- ----------
WRH$_ACTIVE_3245728642_0 Min 1 3245728642
WRH$_ACTIVE_3245728642_0 Max 20354 3245728642
---

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

Elapsed: 00:00:09.44


下面展示一种清理方法。总体来说，就是保留最近的数据，将表清空，再将数据插回去。
除此之外，前面提到过此问题最关键的问题是因为分区不能自动split，下面的命令可以将所有与AWR有关的分区表全部split出一个新的分区出来。
alter session set "_swrf_test_action" = 72;
这样就可以自动等待上一个分区数据过期，自动清理，而且还会清理所有的相关分区表。下面我展示的方法，只会清理最大的那张表，其他表中的过期数据还是存在，但是占用量不大，所以也可以接受。

    
1. 创建临时表，保存近8天的数据
create table mingshuo.ash_bak_20190610 as select * from sys.WRH$_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY where SAMPLE_TIME>=sysdate-9;
SQL> select count(*)  from mingshuo.ash_bak_20190610;

  COUNT(*)
----------
     12648

1 row selected.

Elapsed: 00:00:00.01

2. 禁用AWR
exec dbms_workload_repository.modify_snapshot_settings(interval => 0);

3. truncate WRH$_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY
TRUNCATE TABLE sys.WRH$_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY;

4. truncate 完成后，重建 WRH$_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY表的索引，并从备份表恢复数据
insert into sys.WRH$_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY select * from mingshuo.ash_bak_20190610;
commit;

5. 查看索引状态
set line 300 pages 200
col owner for a20
col index_name for a30
select index_owner,
index_name,
partition_name,
status,
tablespace_name,
last_analyzed
from dba_ind_partitions
where index_name in (select index_name
from dba_indexes
where table_name in ('WRH$_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY')
and table_owner = 'SYS');

6. 如果索引失效重建索引（测试的时候是没有失效的，索引为本地索引）
alter index sys.WRH$_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY_PK rebuild parallel 8 nologging;
alter index sys.WRH$_ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY_PK noparallel;

7. 启动AWR
exec dbms_workload_repository.modify_snapshot_settings(interval => 60);

8. 测试awr和ash可能正常生成
---手动生成snapshot
exec dbms_workload_repository.create_snapshot;
@?/rdbms/admin/awrrpt
@?/rdbms/admin/ashrpt

9. 删除备份表
drop table mingshuo.ash_bak_20190610 purge;

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