使用BBED在丢失数据文件和归档日志情况下的恢复

数据库在启动过程中会检查SCN是否相同，才可以正常启动数据库。SCN 是system checkpoint number的简称，它可以简单的理解为是数据库时间，数据库用SCN记录数据的更改，它在数据库的故障恢复中非常重要。

SCN按照存储位置和作用分为4种，其中3种保存在controlfile中，一种保存在每个数据文件的文件 头 中，他们分别是 ：

1. System checkpoint SCN  in the control file.  --当发生checkpoint完成后，oracle将 system checkpoint SCN保存在控制文件中 select checkpoint_change# from v$database;
2. Datafile Checkpoint SCN  individually in the control file for each datafile. -- 当发生checkpoint完成后，oracle将 datafile checkpoint SCN分别保存在控制文件和数据文件中   select name,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile;

3.Checkpoint SCN value in the header of each datafile, which also reffered as  Start SCN        --该SCN 用于检查是否需要做media recovery     。     select name,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile_header;

4.The stop SCN is held in the control file for each datafile.  ---保存在控制文件中，该SCN 用于检查是否需要做instance recovery ，正常情况下 可读可写的online的数据文件的SCN值为null  。  select name,last_change# from v$datafile;

数据库在启动时检查的SCN是那几个呢 ，他们分别是 System checkpoint SCN、 Datafile Checkpoint SCN、 Checkpoint SCN，这3个相同数据库就可以正常启动。当其中一个不相同时就需要做media recovery。
oracle在启动过程中首先检车是否需要media recoery，在检查是否需要instance recovery。

我们需要另开一个文章阐述SCN号与数据库启动、关闭以及恢复的关系，在这里就不多说了，下面来开始我们的测试。

场景：丢失一个数据文件，用rman备份还原，但是无法提供归档日志
目标：修改文件头推进SCN，跳过归档实现完全恢复

1、首先通过RMAN 备份需要测试的数据文件，这里我们测试datafile 1

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1. [oracle@Primary bbed_10g_64]$ rman target /
3. Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sat Jul 23 07:00:15 2016
5. Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
7. connected to target database: JINGFAN (DBID=2726520687)
9. RMAN> backup datafile 1;
11. Starting backup at 2016-07-23 07:01:36
12. using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
13. allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
14. channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=152 device type=DISK
15. channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
16. channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
17. input datafile file number=00001 name=/oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/system01.dbf
18. channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2016-07-23 07:01:36
19. channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2016-07-23 07:02:01
20. piece handle=/oracle/database/fast_recovery_area/JINGFAN/backupset/2016_07_23/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20160723T070136_cs59gkx6_.bkp tag=TAG20160723T070136 comment=NONE
21. channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
22. channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
23. channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
24. including current control file in backup set
25. including current SPFILE in backup set
26. channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2016-07-23 07:02:05
27. channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2016-07-23 07:02:06
28. piece handle=/oracle/database/fast_recovery_area/JINGFAN/backupset/2016_07_23/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20160723T070136_cs59hf4h_.bkp tag=TAG20160723T070136 comment=NONE
29. channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
30. Finished backup at 2016-07-23 07:02:06

2、产生归档并删除datafile 1，重启数据库产生故障场景    

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1. #创建一个表 为了更好的产生归档日志
2. SQL> create table tt as select * from all_objects;
4. Table created.
6. SQL> update tt set object_id=10;
8. 84995 rows updated.
10. SQL> commit;
12. Commit complete.
13. 
    
14. SQL> select count(*) from tt;
16. COUNT(*)
17. ----------
18. 84995
20. SQL> column name format a50
21. /*
22. 未切换日志，发现数据库的数据文件system01 的 system checkpoint SCN、datafile checkpoint SCN和  start SCN in the header of datafile 是不同的。
23. */
24. SQL> select checkpoint_change# from v$database;
26. CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
27. ------------------
28. 1051981
30. SQL>
31. SQL> select file#,name,checkpoint_change#,last_change#,status from v$datafile;
33.      FILE# NAME                                               CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# LAST_CHANGE# STATUS
    ---------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------------ ------------ --------------
             1 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/system01.dbf                 1060266              SYSTEM
             2 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/sysaux01.dbf                 1051981              ONLINE
             3 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/undotbs01.dbf                1051981              ONLINE
             4 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/users01.dbf                  1051981              ONLINE
             5 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/example01.dbf                1051981              ONLINE
    
34. 
    
35. SQL> select file#,name,checkpoint_change#,status from v$datafile_header;
37.      FILE# NAME                                               CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# STATUS
    ---------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------------ --------------
             1 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/system01.dbf                 1060266 ONLINE
             2 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/sysaux01.dbf                 1051981 ONLINE
             3 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/undotbs01.dbf                1051981 ONLINE
             4 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/users01.dbf                  1051981 ONLINE
             5 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/example01.dbf                1051981 ONLINE
    
    
    
38. SQL> select file#,online_status,change# from v$recover_file;
40. no rows selected
42. SQL> alter system switch logfile;
44. System altered.
46. SQL> /
48. System altered.
50. SQL> /
52. System altered.
53. /*
54. 通过切换日志，使数据库的数据文件system01 的 system checkpoint SCN、datafile checkpoint SCN和  start SCN in the header of datafile 变的相同。
    
55. */
56. SQL> select checkpoint_change# from v$database;
57. 
    
58. CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
    ------------------
               1060589
    
59. 
    
60. SQL> select file#,name,checkpoint_change#,last_change#,status from v$datafile;
61. 
    
62.      FILE# NAME                                               CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# LAST_CHANGE# STATUS
    ---------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------------ ------------ --------------
             1 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/system01.dbf                 1060589              SYSTEM
             2 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/sysaux01.dbf                 1060589              ONLINE
             3 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/undotbs01.dbf                1060589              ONLINE
             4 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/users01.dbf                  1060589              ONLINE
             5 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/example01.dbf                1060589              ONLINE
    
63. 
    
64. SQL> select file#,name,checkpoint_change#,status from v$datafile_header;
66.      FILE# NAME                                               CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# STATUS
    ---------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------------ --------------
             1 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/system01.dbf                 1060589 ONLINE
             2 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/sysaux01.dbf                 1060589 ONLINE
             3 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/undotbs01.dbf                1060589 ONLINE
             4 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/users01.dbf                  1060589 ONLINE
             5 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/example01.dbf                1060589 ONLINE
    
68. SQL> select file#,online_status,change# from v$recover_file;
70. no rows selected
72. SQL> ! rm /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/system01.dbf
74. SQL> alter system switch logfile;
76. System altered.
78. SQL> /
80. System altered.
82. SQL> /
84. System altered.
85. /*
86.  shutdown abort 数据库，启动发现datafile 1
87. */
88. SQL> shutdown abort
    ORACLE instance shut down.
    SQL> startup 
    ORACLE instance started.
    
    
    Total System Global Area  776646656 bytes
    Fixed Size                  2257272 bytes
    Variable Size             478154376 bytes
    Database Buffers          289406976 bytes
    Redo Buffers                6828032 bytes
    Database mounted.
    ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 1 - see DBWR trace file
    ORA-01110: data file 1: '/oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/system01.dbf'
    
    
    
    SQL> host oerr ora 1157
    01157, 00000, "cannot identify/lock data file %s - see DBWR trace file"
    // *Cause:  The background process was either unable to find one of the data 
    //         files or failed to lock it because the file was already in use.
    //         The database will prohibit access to this file but other files will
    //         be unaffected. However the first instance to open the database will
    //         need to access all online data files. Accompanying error from the
    //         operating system describes why the file could not be identified.
    // *Action: Have operating system make file available to database. Then either
    //         open the database or do ALTER SYSTEM CHECK DATAFILES.
    
    
    SQL>  host oerr ora 01110
    01110, 00000, "data file %s: '%s'"
    // *Cause:  Reporting file name for details of another error. The reported
    //          name can be of the old file if a data file move operation is
    //          in progress.
    // *Action: See associated error message.
    
    # 再次查询各个SCN，记录在数据文件中的start SCN丢失
89. SQL> select checkpoint_change# from v$database;
    
    CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
    ------------------
               1060672
    
    SQL>  select file#,name,checkpoint_change#,status from v$datafile_header;
    
         FILE# NAME                                               CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# STATUS
    ---------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------------ --------------
             1                                                                     0 ONLINE
             2 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/sysaux01.dbf                 1060672 ONLINE
             3 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/undotbs01.dbf                1060672 ONLINE
             4 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/users01.dbf                  1060672 ONLINE
             5 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/example01.dbf                1060672 ONLINE
    
    SQL>  select file#,name,checkpoint_change#,last_change#,status from v$datafile;
    
         FILE# NAME                                               CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# LAST_CHANGE# STATUS
    ---------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------------ ------------ --------------
             1 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/system01.dbf                 1060672              SYSTEM
             2 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/sysaux01.dbf                 1060672              ONLINE
             3 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/undotbs01.dbf                1060672              ONLINE
             4 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/users01.dbf                  1060672              ONLINE
             5 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/example01.dbf                1060672              ONLINE
    SQL> select file#,online_status,change# from v$recover_file;
    
    
         FILE# ONLINE_STATUS     CHANGE#
    ---------- -------------- ----------
             1 ONLINE                  0
90. # 继续模拟丢失归档日志的情况
91. SQL> archive log list
    Database log mode              Archive Mode
    Automatic archival             Enabled
    Archive destination            USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
    Oldest online log sequence     22
    Next log sequence to archive   24
    Current log sequence           24
    SQL> show parameter recover
    
    
    NAME                                 TYPE                   VALUE
    ------------------------------------ ---------------------- ------------------------------
    db_recovery_file_dest                string                 /oracle/database/fast_recovery
                                                                _area
    db_recovery_file_dest_size           big integer            4182M
    db_unrecoverable_scn_tracking        boolean                TRUE
    recovery_parallelism                 integer                0
    SQL> host
    [oracle@Primary ~]$ cd /oracle/database/fast_recovery_area/
    jingfan/ JINGFAN/ primary/ PRIMARY/ 
    [oracle@Primary ~]$ rm -rf /oracle/database/fast_recovery_area/JINGFAN/archivelog/*
    [oracle@Primary ~]$ ll !$
    ll /oracle/database/fast_recovery_area/JINGFAN/archivelog/*
    ls: cannot access /oracle/database/fast_recovery_area/JINGFAN/archivelog/*: No such file or directory
    [oracle@Primary JINGFAN]$ exit
    exit
    
    
    SQL> 
    
    

3、在RMAN还原datafile 1 ，但是归档已经丢失 肯定无法recover。 我们这里删除的system数据文件，不然的话我们可以把数据文件offline 启动数据库（当然，缺少undo也不可以的）。也就说必须system是online的才可以打开数据库。

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1. [oracle@Primary bbed_10g_64]$ rman target /
3. Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sat Jul 23 07:31:37 2016
5. Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
7. connected to target database: JINGFAN (DBID=2726520687, not open)
9. RMAN> restore datafile 1;
11. Starting restore at 2016-07-23 07:31:42
12. using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
13. allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
14. channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=10 device type=DISK
16. channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
17. channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
18. channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/system01.dbf
19. channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /oracle/database/fast_recovery_area/JINGFAN/backupset/2016_07_23/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20160723T070136_cs59gkx6_.bkp
20. channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/oracle/database/fast_recovery_area/JINGFAN/backupset/2016_07_23/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20160723T070136_cs59gkx6_.bkp tag=TAG20160723T070136
21. channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
22. channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35
23. Finished restore at 2016-07-23 07:32:18
25. RMAN> recover datafile 1;                   #完全恢复不可行
27. Starting recover at 2016-07-23 07:32:39
28. using channel ORA_DISK_1
30. starting media recovery
32. RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
33. RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
34. RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
35. RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 07/23/2016 07:32:40
36. RMAN-06053: unable to perform media recovery because of missing log
37. RMAN-06025: no backup of archived log for thread 1 with sequence 23 and starting SCN of 1060669 found to restore
38. RMAN-06025: no backup of archived log for thread 1 with sequence 22 and starting SCN of 1060666 found to restore
39. RMAN-06025: no backup of archived log for thread 1 with sequence 21 and starting SCN of 1060604 found to restore
40. RMAN-06025: no backup of archived log for thread 1 with sequence 20 and starting SCN of 1060592 found to restore
41. RMAN-06025: no backup of archived log for thread 1 with sequence 19 and starting SCN of 1060589 found to restore
42. RMAN-06025: no backup of archived log for thread 1 with sequence 18 and starting SCN of 1059998 found to restore
44. RMAN> recover datafile 1 until sequence 17;         #完全恢复不可行
46. Starting recover at 2016-07-23 07:33:27
47. using channel ORA_DISK_1
48. RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
49. RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
50. RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
51. RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 07/23/2016 07:33:28
52. RMAN-06556: datafile 1 must be restored from backup older than SCN 1059913
54. RMAN>

4、再次检查SCN号， 在  v$datafile_header发现system 的SCN 和 v$recover_file 的SCN 现在均为 1060266  控制文件的SCN号为1060672

1. SQL> select checkpoint_change# from v$database;
3. CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
   ------------------
              1060672
   
5. SQL> select file#,name,checkpoint_change#,last_change#,status from v$datafile;
7.      FILE# NAME                                               CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# LAST_CHANGE# STATUS
   ---------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------------ ------------ --------------
            1 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/system01.dbf                 1060672              SYSTEM
            2 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/sysaux01.dbf                 1060672              ONLINE
            3 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/undotbs01.dbf                1060672              ONLINE
            4 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/users01.dbf                  1060672              ONLINE
            5 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/example01.dbf                1060672              ONLINE
   
10. SQL> select file#,name,checkpoint_change#,status from v$datafile_header;
12.      FILE# NAME                                               CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# STATUS
    ---------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------------ --------------
             1 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/system01.dbf                 1060266 ONLINE
             2 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/sysaux01.dbf                 1060672 ONLINE
             3 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/undotbs01.dbf                1060672 ONLINE
             4 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/users01.dbf                  1060672 ONLINE
             5 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/example01.dbf                1060672 ONLINE
    
15. SQL> select file#,online_status,change# from v$recover_file;
17.      FILE# ONLINE_STATUS     CHANGE#
    ---------- -------------- ----------
             1 ONLINE            1060266
    
18. 
    
19. SQL> select to_char(1060266,'xxxxxxx'),to_char(1060672,'xxxxxxx') from dual;                    #十进制转换为十六进制
    
    
    TO_CHAR(1060266, TO_CHAR(1060672,
    ---------------- ----------------
      102daa           102f40                          
    
20. SQL> 
    

5、使用BBED修改数据文件头  是SCN号一致

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1. [oracle@Primary bbed_10g_64]$ bbed parfile=/home/oracle/bbed_10g_64/bbed.par
2. Password:
4. BBED: Release 2.0.0.0.0 - Limited Production on Sat Jul 23 07:40:49 2016
6. Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
8. ************* !!! For Oracle Internal Use only !!! ***************
10. BBED> info
11. File#    Name                                                      Size(blks)
     -----  ----                                                        ----------
         1  /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/system01.dbf                    97280
         2  /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/sysaux01.dbf                    69120
         3  /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/undotbs01.dbf                   14720
         4  /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/users01.dbf                       640
         5  /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/example01.dbf                   44320
    
13. BBED> show
14. FILE# 1        FILE#           1
            BLOCK#          1
            OFFSET          0
            DBA             0x00400001 (4194305 1,1)
            FILENAME        /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/system01.dbf
            BIFILE          bifile.bbd
            LISTFILE        /home/oracle/bbed_10g_64/file.txt
            BLOCKSIZE       8192
            MODE            Edit
            EDIT            Unrecoverable
            IBASE           Dec
            OBASE           Dec
            WIDTH           80
            COUNT           512
            LOGFILE         log.bbd
            SPOOL           No
    
17. BBED>print kcvfhckp
18. struct kcvfhckp, 36 bytes                   @484     
       struct kcvcpscn, 8 bytes                 @484     
          ub4 kscnbas                           @484      0x00102daa
          ub2 kscnwrp                           @488      0x0000
       ub4 kcvcptim                             @492      0x36b6a2d0
       ub2 kcvcpthr                             @496      0x0001
       union u, 12 bytes                        @500     
          struct kcvcprba, 12 bytes             @500     
             ub4 kcrbaseq                       @500      0x00000012
             ub4 kcrbabno                       @504      0x0000102b
             ub2 kcrbabof                       @508      0x0010
       ub1 kcvcpetb[0]                          @512      0x02
       ub1 kcvcpetb[1]                          @513      0x00
       ub1 kcvcpetb[2]                          @514      0x00
       ub1 kcvcpetb[3]                          @515      0x00
       ub1 kcvcpetb[4]                          @516      0x00
       ub1 kcvcpetb[5]                          @517      0x00
       ub1 kcvcpetb[6]                          @518      0x00
       ub1 kcvcpetb[7]                          @519      0x00
    
    
    
19. BBED> dump /v dba 1,1 offset 484 count 32
20. File: /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/system01.dbf (1)
21. Block: 1 Offsets: 484 to 515 Dba:0x00400001
22. -------------------------------------------------------
23. aa2d1000 00000000 d0a2b636 01000000 l .-.........6....
24. 12000000 2b100000 1000a868 02000000 l ....+......h....
26. <16 bytes="" per="" line="">
27. 
    
28. BBED> modify /x 402f10 dba 1,1 offset 484 count 32
29. BBED-00203: incomplete/malformed command
32. BBED> modify /x 402f10 dba 1,1 offset 484
33. Warning: contents of previous BIFILE will be lost. Proceed? (Y/N) y
34. File: /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/system01.dbf (1)
35. Block: 1 Offsets: 484 to 515 Dba:0x00400001
36. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
37. 402f1000 00000000 d0a2b636 01000000 12000000 2b100000 1000a868 02000000
39. <32 bytes="" per="" line="">
41. BBED> dump /v offset 484 count 32
42. File: /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/system01.dbf (1)
43. Block: 1 Offsets: 484 to 515 Dba:0x00400001
44. -------------------------------------------------------
45. 402f1000 00000000 d0a2b636 01000000 l @/.........6....
46. 12000000 2b100000 1000a868 02000000 l ....+......h....
48. <16 bytes="" per="" line="">
50. BBED> print kcvfhckp
    struct kcvfhckp, 36 bytes                   @484     
       struct kcvcpscn, 8 bytes                 @484     
          ub4 kscnbas                           @484      0x00102f40
          ub2 kscnwrp                           @488      0x0000
       ub4 kcvcptim                             @492      0x36b6a2d0
       ub2 kcvcpthr                             @496      0x0001
       union u, 12 bytes                        @500     
          struct kcvcprba, 12 bytes             @500     
             ub4 kcrbaseq                       @500      0x00000012
             ub4 kcrbabno                       @504      0x0000102b
             ub2 kcrbabof                       @508      0x0010
       ub1 kcvcpetb[0]                          @512      0x02
       ub1 kcvcpetb[1]                          @513      0x00
       ub1 kcvcpetb[2]                          @514      0x00
       ub1 kcvcpetb[3]                          @515      0x00
       ub1 kcvcpetb[4]                          @516      0x00
       ub1 kcvcpetb[5]                          @517      0x00
       ub1 kcvcpetb[6]                          @518      0x00
       ub1 kcvcpetb[7]                          @519      0x00
    
52. BBED>

6、再次在数据库验证，数据文件的start SCN 是否跟其他SCN一致，并尝试打开数据库。至此，通过BBED修改数据文件的SCN号跳过归档文件完全打开数据库完成。

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1. SQL> select checkpoint_change# from v$database;
2. 
   
3. CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
   ------------------
              1060672
   
5. SQL> select file#,name,checkpoint_change#,last_change#,status from v$datafile;
6. 
   
7.      FILE# NAME                                               CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# LAST_CHANGE# STATUS
   ---------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------------ ------------ --------------
            1 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/system01.dbf                 1060672              SYSTEM
            2 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/sysaux01.dbf                 1060672              ONLINE
            3 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/undotbs01.dbf                1060672              ONLINE
            4 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/users01.dbf                  1060672              ONLINE
            5 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/example01.dbf                1060672              ONLINE
   
10. SQL> select file#,name,checkpoint_change#,status from v$datafile_header;
12. FILE# NAME CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# STATUS     FILE# NAME                                               CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# STATUS
    ---------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------------ --------------
             1 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/system01.dbf                 1060672 ONLINE
             2 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/sysaux01.dbf                 1060672 ONLINE
             3 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/undotbs01.dbf                1060672 ONLINE
             4 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/users01.dbf                  1060672 ONLINE
             5 /oracle/database/oradata/jingfan/example01.dbf                1060672 ONLINE
    
15. SQL> select file#,online_status,change# from v$recover_file;
17. FILE# ONLINE_STATUS CHANGE#     FILE# ONLINE_STATUS     CHANGE#
    ---------- -------------- ----------
             1 ONLINE            1060672
    
19. SQL> recover datafile 1;
20. Media recovery complete.
21. SQL> select file#,online_status,change# from v$recover_file;
23. no rows selected
25. SQL> alter database open;
27. Database altered.
29. SQL>

7、需要思考的地方
7.1 通过BBED修改ckp SCN号时，dump的数据采用十六进制存储， 在BBED中需要修改的十六进制数（ 402f10  ）与我们通过to_char计算的十六进制数 （ 102f40 ） 正好相反，我们的实验环境是 linux ，属于little字节序。
7.2 是否尝试使用_allow_resetlog_corruption参数来修复数据，跳过归档实现完全恢复呢？ 答案是可以的
7.3 加深了对BBED工具的使用，进一步了解数据文件的存储结构。

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