| 1 | 控制文件中存在什么： ----BDID（DB_NAME,DBID,INSTANCE_NAME,SID,DB_GLOBAL_NAME) ----数据文件的物理位置 ----当前的检查点信息（v$datafile） SQL> select name from v$database;
NAME --------- ENMOEDU SQL> show parameter db_name;
NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ db_name string enmoedu------相当于人的名字 SQL> select dbid from v$database;
DBID-------用来区分数据文件是属于哪一个数据库的 ---------- 163971148--------------相当于人的身份证号 （在创建数据库时，根据db_name随机的算出来的一个数字） SQL> show parameter db_unique_name;
NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ db_unique_name string enmoedu-------------默认和db_name是一致的；在DG中来区分每一个数据库的名字 SQL> show parameter instance_name;
NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ instance_name string enmoedu---------------------数据库的实例，默认和SID是一样的；用在RAC架构下。 [oracle@enmoedu alert]$ echo $ORACLE_SID enmoedu [oracle@enmoedu alert]$ ps -ef |grep pmon oracle 6449 1 0 14:37 ? 00:00:01 ora_pmon_enmoedu-----------SID,用来区分SGA oracle 7267 2610 0 16:09 pts/0 00:00:00 grep pmon
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| 2 | 控制文件怎么做备份 备份控制文件的语句： RMAN> list backup of controlfile;----查看备份文件的语句；没有开启自动备份，却有备份，这样的备份我们叫隐式备份； RMAN> show all;
RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name ENMOEDU are: CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF; # default-----------自动备份控制文件是关闭的； RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;------------------开启自动备份控制文件
new RMAN configuration parameters: CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON; new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
RMAN> BACKUP TABLESPACE EXAMPLE;
Starting backup at 13-MAR-16 allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=19 device type=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/enmoedu/example01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 13-MAR-16 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 13-MAR-16 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ENMOEDU/backupset/2016_03_13/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20160313T162551_cgb90hfj_.bkp tag=TAG20160313T162551 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03 Finished backup at 13-MAR-16
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 13-MAR-16 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ENMOEDU/autobackup/2016_03_13/o1_mf_s_906395154_cgb90lph_.bkp comment=NONE Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 13-MAR-16
RMAN> list backup of controlfile;
List of Backup Sets ===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time ------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ --------------- 4 Full 9.36M DISK 00:00:00 13-MAR-16 BP Key: 4 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20160313T162554 Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ENMOEDU/autobackup/2016_03_13/o1_mf_s_906395154_cgb90lph_.bkp---------因为是开启了自动备份 Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1046493 Ckp time: 13-MAR-16
RMAN> backup current controlfile;-------------手动备份控制文件
Starting backup at 13-MAR-16 using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=21 device type=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set including current control file in backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 13-MAR-16 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 13-MAR-16 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ENMOEDU/backupset/2016_03_13/o1_mf_ncnnf_TAG20160313T163100_cgb9b5n3_.bkp tag=TAG20160313T163100 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished backup at 13-MAR-16 现在我们删除控制文件做一下恢复控制文件的实验； [oracle@enmoedu enmoedu]$ ls control01.ctl redo01.log redo03.log system01.dbf undotbs01.dbf example01.dbf redo02.log sysaux01.dbf temp01.dbf users01.dbf [oracle@enmoedu enmoedu]$ rm control01.ctl [oracle@enmoedu enmoedu]$ ls example01.dbf redo02.log sysaux01.dbf temp01.dbf users01.dbf redo01.log redo03.log system01.dbf undotbs01.dbf
SQL> startup ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 830930944 bytes Fixed Size 2257800 bytes Variable Size 536874104 bytes Database Buffers 285212672 bytes Redo Buffers 6586368 bytes ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info----------------控制文件丢失了，所以数据库是启动不了了；那么现在就恢复控制文件；
RMAN> restore controlfile;
Starting restore at 13-MAR-16 using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=10 device type=DISK
RMAN-00571: =========================================================== RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS =============== RMAN-00571: =========================================================== RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 03/13/2016 20:10:38 RMAN-06563: control file or SPFILE must be restored using FROM AUTOBACKUP-------因为我手动备份了一份控制文件，又自动备份了一份控制文件，所以他不知道去哪找，所以必须得指定一个位置；
RMAN> restore controlfile from autobackup;
Starting restore at 13-MAR-16 using channel ORA_DISK_1
recovery area destination: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area database name (or database unique name) used for search: ENMOEDU channel ORA_DISK_1: AUTOBACKUP /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ENMOEDU/autobackup/2016_03_13/o1_mf_s_906408140_cgbow726_.bkp found in the recovery area AUTOBACKUP search with format "%F" not attempted because DBID was not set channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file from AUTOBACKUP /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ENMOEDU/autobackup/2016_03_13/o1_mf_s_906408140_cgbow726_.bkp channel ORA_DISK_1: control file restore from AUTOBACKUP complete output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/enmoedu/control01.ctl output file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/enmoedu/control02.ctl Finished restore at 13-MAR-16 现在我们看数据库能不能启动、？？？SQL> shutdown immediate ORA-01507: database not mounted
ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> startup ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 830930944 bytes Fixed Size 2257800 bytes Variable Size 536874104 bytes Database Buffers 285212672 bytes Redo Buffers 6586368 bytes Database mounted. ORA-01589: must use RESETLOGS or NORESETLOGS option for database open----------此时就得做一次不完全恢复
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
Database altered. SQL> startup ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 830930944 bytes Fixed Size 2257800 bytes Variable Size 536874104 bytes Database Buffers 285212672 bytes Redo Buffers 6586368 bytes Database mounted. Database opened.-------------数据库成功启动 看看控制文件有没有回来？？？？ [oracle@enmoedu enmoedu]$ ls control01.ctl example01.dbf redo02.log sysaux01.dbf temp01.dbf users01.dbf control02.ctl redo01.log redo03.log system01.dbf undotbs01.dbf
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| 3 | SQL> select GROUP#,STATUS,sequence# from v$log;
GROUP# STATUS SEQUENCE# ---------- ---------------- ---------- 1 CURRENT 1--------------因为刚刚做了一个不完全恢复，做了一次化身，等于清空了以前的日志记录；而没做完一次化身我们必须得做一次全库备份的好习惯； 2 UNUSED 0 3 UNUSED 0 |
| 4 | 切换几次日志看一下； SQL> select group#,status,sequence# from v$log;
GROUP# STATUS SEQUENCE# ---------- ---------------- ---------- 1 INACTIVE 4 2 INACTIVE 5 3 CURRENT 6 |
来自 “ ITPUB博客 ” ，链接：http://blog.itpub.net/30606702/viewspace-2058427/，如需转载，请注明出处，否则将追究法律责任。
转载于:http://blog.itpub.net/30606702/viewspace-2058427/
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