基于LINUX系统下Oracle-12C的安装
1. 预安装的要求
1) 硬件需求
| Evaluation or Simple Installation | Advanced Installation (SMALL) | Advanced Installation (MEDIUM) | Advanced Installation (LARGE) | |
| Deployment Size | - | Small | Medium | Large |
| Configuration | 1 OMS, <100 Targets, <10 Agents, <3 Concurrent User Sessions | 1 OMS, <1000 Targets, <100 Agents, <10 Concurrent User Sessions | 2 OMSes, >=1000 but <10,000 Targets, >=100 but <1000 Agents,>=10 but <25 Concurrent User Sessions | > 2 OMSes, >=10,000 Targets, >=1000 Agents, >=25 but <=50 Concurrent User Sessions |
| CPU Cores/Host (Can be shared with other processes) | 2 | 2 | 4 | 8 |
| RAM | 4 GB | 6 GB | 8 GB | 16 GB |
| - | 8 GB | 12 GB | 20 GB | |
| Oracle WebLogic Server JVM Heap Size | 800 MB | 1.7 GB | 4 GB | 8 GB |
| Hard Disk Space | 15 GB | 15 GB | 15 GB | 15 GB |
| Hard Disk Space with ADP, JVMD | - | 18 GB | 20 GB | 22 GB |
2) 安装包
For example, if you run the command on a 32-bit system, you should see something similar to the following:
glibc-devel-2.3.4-2.43(i386)
glibc-headers-2.3.4-2.43(i386)
glibc-2.3.4-2.43(i686)
compat-glibc-headers-2.3.2-95.30(i386)
glibc-profile-2.3.4-2.43(i386)
glibc-utils-2.3.4-2.43(i386)
glibc-kernheaders-2.4-9.1.103.EL(i386)
glibc-common-2.3.4-2.43(i386)
compat-glibc-2.3.2-95.30(i386)
For example, if you run the command on a 64-bit system, you should see something similar to the following:
glibc-common-2.3.4-2.43(x86_64)
glibc-devel-2.3.4-2.43(x86_64)
glibc-profile-2.3.4-2.43(x86_64)
glibc-headers-2.3.4-2.43(x86_64)
glibc-utils-2.3.4-2.43(x86_64)
glibc-2.3.4-2.43(x86_64)
3) 包装要求
| Platform | 32-Bit Packages for 32-Bit Platform | 64-Bit Packages for 64-Bit Platform |
| Oracle Linux 5.x Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.x |
|
In addition, install the 32-bit version as well as the 64-bit version of glibc-devel-2.5-49 to avoid any linking errors while installing the OMS. The installer checks for this package, so if this package is not installed, the installer displays an error. |
| Platform | 32-Bit Packages for 32-Bit Platform | 64-Bit Packages for 64-Bit Platform |
| Oracle Linux 5.x Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.x |
| Oracle Linux 5.x and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.x, where x <= 5 [for example, Oracle Linux 5.3]
Oracle Linux 5.x and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.x, where x > 5 [for example, Oracle Linux 5.6]
|
Table 5-3 Library Requirements for Oracle Management Service
| Platform | 32-Bit Libraries for 32-Bit Platform | 64-Bit Libraries for 64-Bit Platform |
| Oracle Linux 5.x Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.x | glibc-2.5-12 | glibc-2.5.12 |
2. 唯一主机名和静态IP的要求
1) 必须使用一个静态IP
2) 确保在/ etc / hosts文件中指定的主机名是独一无二的,它映射到正确的IP地址。以下是推荐的/ etc / hosts文件格式:
3. 安装配置和升级问题
在执行ORACLE数据集基础设置安装,如果网格命名服务(GNS)和动态主机配置协议(DHCP)选项选择启用和根目录下自动执行脚本,使用以下错误的安装可能会失败
[INS-10008] Session Initialization failed
4. 最低参数设置安装
cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax sysctl -w kernel.shmmax=
| Parameter | Value | File |
| semmsl semmns semopm semmni | 250 32000 100 128 | /proc/sys/kernel/sem |
| shmall | 百分之40的物理内存. | /proc/sys/kernel/shmall |
| shmmax | 物理内存的一半大小 | /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax |
| shmmni | 4096 | /proc/sys/kernel/shmmni |
| file-max | 6815744 | /proc/sys/fs/file-max |
| aio-max-nr | 1048576 | /proc/sys/fs/aio-max-nr |
| ip_local_port_range | Minimum: 9000 Maximum: 65500 | /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range |
| rmem_default | 262144 | /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_default |
| rmem_max | 4194304 | /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_max |
| wmem_default | 262144 | /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_default |
| wmem_max | 1048576 | /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_max |
5. 内核参数配置需求 （）
1) III. Environment:
1. 最小推荐内核参数
kernel.shmall = 1/2 of physical memory in pages, this will be the value 2097152. See Note 301830.1 for more information.
kernel.shmmax = 1/2 of physical memory in bytes. This would be the value 2147483648 for a system with 4GB of physical RAM.
For 32-bit Linux Systems :
Minimum: 536870912 (512 MB)
Maximum: A value that is 1 byte less than 4 GB, or 4294967295
Recommended: More than half the physical memory
For 64-bit Linux Systems :
Minimum: 536870912 (512 MB)
Maximum: A value that is 1 byte less than the physical memory
Recommended: More than half the physical memory
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 6815744
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
Note: This value limits concurrent outstanding requests and should be set to avoid I/O subsystem failures.
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
2. To activate these new settings into the running kernel space, run the "sysctl -p" command as root.
3. Set Shell Limits for the oracle User. Assuming that the "oracle" Unix user will perform the installation, do the following:
a.) Add the following settings to /etc/security/limits.conf configuration file for the installation owner.
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 10240
NOTE: When the limits.conf file is changed, these changes take effect immediately. However, if the oracle users are logged in, then these changes do not take effect until you log these users out and log them back in. You must do this before you use these accounts for installation.
b.) Verify the latest version of PAM is loaded, then add or edit the following line in the /etc/pam.d/login file, if it does not already exist:
session required pam_limits.so
c.) Verify the current ulimits, and raise if needed. This can be done many ways...adding the following lines to /etc/profile is the recommended method:
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -u 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
# /sbin/sysctl -p
# /sbin/sysctl -a
以上信息来自 support.oracle.com 下面为参考链接
https://support.oracle.com/epmos/faces/SearchDocDisplay?_adf.ctrl-state=f40xz1v0r_9&_afrLoop=66452725132886
输入以下命令导致系统读取/ etc / sysctl。conf文件重启时
# /sbin/chkconfig boot.sysctl on
6. 输入oinstall组的GID作为参数的值/ proc / sys / vm / hugetlb_shm_group。这样做赠款oinstall一组权限的成员创建共享内存段。
# echo 501 > /proc/sys/vm/hugetlb_shm_group
7. 开始正式安装
1) 检查linux系统目前的状况
a) 磁盘容量
[root@TORCL1 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
39G 24G 14G 65% /
/dev/sda1 99M 13M 82M 14% /boot
tmpfs 3.9G 4.0K 3.9G 1% /dev/shm
[root@TORCL1 ~]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
MemTotal: 8174460 kB
b) 内存大小
[root@TORCL1 ~]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
MemTotal: 8174460 kB
c) 检查磁盘交换空间
[root@TORCL1 ~]# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
SwapTotal: 8191992 kB
内存：最小1GB 推荐2GB ，交换空间：内存大小范围是1-2GB 交换空间是内存的1.5倍，内存大小 2-16GB，交换空间等于内存大小，内存大小16GB 以上时 交换空间未16GB
d) 检查TMP空间大小
@TORCL1:/home/oracle\/df -h /tmp
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
39G 24G 14G 65% /
2) 软件检查
a) 检查系统操作版本
[root@TORCL1 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.6 (Tikanga)
b) 检查系统内核
[root@TORCL1 ~]# uname -m
x86_64
c) 检查操作系统共享内存
[root@TORCL1 ~]# df -k /dev/shm/
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
tmpfs 4087228 4 4087224 1% /dev/shm
d) 检查操作系统的安装包和补丁包
binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.11.el6 (x86_64)
compat-libcap1-1.10-1 (x86_64)
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6 (x86_64)
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6 (i686)
gcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
gcc-c++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (i686)
glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6 (i686)
ksh
libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686)
libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686)
libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686)
libaio-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)
libaio-0.3.107-10.el6 (i686)
libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)
libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6 (i686)
libXext-1.1 (x86_64)
libXext-1.1 (i686)
libXtst-1.0.99.2 (x86_64)
libXtst-1.0.99.2 (i686)
libX11-1.3 (x86_64)
libX11-1.3 (i686)
libXau-1.0.5 (x86_64)
libXau-1.0.5 (i686)
libxcb-1.5 (x86_64)
libxcb-1.5 (i686)
libXi-1.3 (x86_64)
libXi-1.3 (i686)
make-3.81-19.el6
sysstat-9.0.4-11.el6 (x86_64)
rpm -q binutils compat-libstdc++ gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libXext libXtst libX11 libXau libXi make sysstat
查看安装12C 缺失了哪些安装包
binutils-2.17.50.0.6-14.el5
package compat-libstdc++ is not installed （缺包）
gcc-4.1.2-50.el5
gcc-c++-4.1.2-50.el5
glibc-2.5-58
glibc-2.5-58
glibc-devel-2.5-58
glibc-devel-2.5-58
ksh-20100202-1.el5_5.1
libaio-0.3.106-5
libaio-0.3.106-5
libaio-devel-0.3.106-5
libaio-devel-0.3.106-5
libgcc-4.1.2-50.el5
libgcc-4.1.2-50.el5
libstdc++-4.1.2-50.el5
libstdc++-4.1.2-50.el5
libstdc++-devel-4.1.2-50.el5
libXext-1.0.1-2.1
libXext-1.0.1-2.1
libXtst-1.0.1-3.1
libXtst-1.0.1-3.1
libX11-1.0.3-11.el5
libX11-1.0.3-11.el5
libXau-1.0.1-3.1
libXau-1.0.1-3.1
libXi-1.0.1-4.el5_4
libXi-1.0.1-4.el5_4
make-3.81-3.el5
sysstat-7.0.2-3.el5_5.1
3) 创建
a) 用户组
# groupadd oinstall
# groupadd dba
# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
# passwd oracle
# id oracle
b) 创建软件安装的目录
#mkdir -p /oracle/product
#chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle
#chmod -R 775 /oracle
c) 创建归档目录
$mkdir -p /archlog
$chown -R oracle:oinstall /archlog
$chmod -R 775 /archlog
d) 创建数据存放目录
$ mkdir -p /oradata/db196
$ chown -R oracle:oinstall /oradata
$ chmod -R 775 /oradata
4) 修改内核参数
a) 编辑/etc/sysctl.conf文件
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
b) 更改每个用户的参数
# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 10240
c) 编辑/etc/pam.d/login文件
#vi /etc/pam.d/login
session required pam_limits.so
d) 编辑etc/selinux/config
# vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=enforcing 修改为SELINUX=disabled
e) 设置环境变量
PS1="$logname@`uname -n`:\$PWD\/"
TMP=/tmp; export TMP
TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR
ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/product; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/db11gr2; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=db196; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
5) 解压缩database
[root@TORCL1 orasoft]# ls
database linuxamd64_12c_database_1of2.zip linuxamd64_12c_database_2of2.zip
[root@TORCL1 orasoft]# unzip linuxamd64_12c_database_2of2.zip
@TORCL1:/orasoft/database\/./runInstaller
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