物理冷备份的优点:
1.只需拷贝文件,速度快
2.将文件拷贝回去,数据库就可以恢复到某个时间点
3.结合归档模式可以很好滴恢复数据库
4.维护相对较少,但安全性较高
物理冷备份的缺点:
1.数据库必须关闭
2.单独使用脱机备份,数据库只能基于某一时间点恢复
3.磁盘空间有限,使用磁带等外设备速度较慢
4.脱机备份不能按表或用户恢复
示 例:
A库为主库,将A库物理冷备份到B库并启动数据库
(A:192.168.253.3)->(B:192.168.253.5)
1.在A库中打包oradata目录下的BJ目录,包括控制文件、日志文件、数据文件、参数文件
[oracle@gc1 oradata]$ tar -cvf BJ.tar BJ/
BJ/
BJ/sysaux01.dbf
BJ/redo03.log
BJ/ts_users01.dbf
BJ/ts_idx01.dbf
BJ/users01.dbf
BJ/undotbs02.dbf
BJ/control02.ctl
BJ/system01.dbf
BJ/ts_idx02.dbf
BJ/redo01.log
BJ/ts_audit_01.dbf
BJ/temp_01.dbf
BJ/control01.ctl
BJ/temp01.dbf
BJ/redo02.log
BJ/example01.dbf
BJ/temp_02.dbf
[oracle@gc1 oradata]$ ls
BJ BJ.tar
[oracle@gc1 oradata]$ ll -h
total 2.2G
drwxr-x--- 2 oracle oinstall 4.0K Jul 28 18:08 BJ
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 2.2G Aug 2 17:42 BJ.tar
[oracle@gc1 oradata]$ scp BJ.tar 192.168.253.5:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/.
The authenticity of host '192.168.253.5 (192.168.253.5)' can't be established.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
oracle@192.168.253.5's password:
BJ.tar 100% 2180MB 35.2MB/s 01:02
[oracle@gc1 dbs]$ ls
hc_BJ.dat initBJ.ora init.ora lkBJ orapwBJ spfileBJ.ora
[oracle@gc1 dbs]$ scp spfileBJ.ora 192.168.253.5:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/.
oracle@192.168.253.5's password:
spfileBJ.ora 100% 2560 2.5KB/s 00:00
[oracle@beijing dbs]$ ls
hc_SH.dat init.ora lkSH orapwSH spfileSH.ora spfileBJ.ora
[oracle@beijing dbs]$ cp orapwSH orapwBJ
[oracle@beijing dbs]$ ls
hc_SH.dat init.ora lkSH orapwSH orapwBJ spfileSH.ora spfileBJ.ora
[oracle@beijing oradata]$ ls
SH BJ.tar
[oracle@beijing oradata]$ tar -xvf BJ.tar
BJ/
BJ/sysaux01.dbf
BJ/redo03.log
BJ/ts_users01.dbf
BJ/ts_idx01.dbf
BJ/users01.dbf
BJ/undotbs02.dbf
BJ/control02.ctl
BJ/system01.dbf
BJ/ts_idx02.dbf
BJ/redo01.log
BJ/ts_audit_01.dbf
BJ/temp_01.dbf
BJ/control01.ctl
BJ/temp01.dbf
BJ/redo02.log
BJ/example01.dbf
BJ/temp_02.dbf
[oracle@beijing oradata]$ ls
SH BJ BJ.tar
[oracle@beijing oradata]$ cd BJ
[oracle@beijing BJ]$ ls
control01.ctl example01.dbf redo02.log sysaux01.dbf temp_01.dbf temp_02.dbf ts_idx01.dbf ts_users01.dbf users01.dbf
control02.ctl redo01.log redo03.log system01.dbf temp01.dbf ts_audit_01.dbf ts_idx02.dbf undotbs02.dbf
[oracle@beijing ~]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
SH
[oracle@beijing ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=BJ
[oracle@beijing ~]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
BJ
[oracle@beijing ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SYS@BJ>create pfile from spfile;
File created.
SYS@BJ>!
[oracle@beijing ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@beijing dbs]$ ls
hc_SH.dat initBJ.ora init.ora lkSH orapwSH orapwBJ spfileSH.ora spfileBJ.ora
SYS@BJ>startup nomount;
ORA-00119: invalid specification for system parameter LOCAL_LISTENER
ORA-00132: syntax error or unresolved network name 'BJ1526'
***此时报出ORA-00119和ORA-00132的错误,解决办法:
**修改参数文件initBJ.ora
[oracle@beijing dbs]$ vi initBJ.ora
BJ.__db_cache_size=293601280
BJ.__java_pool_size=4194304
BJ.__large_pool_size=8388608
BJ.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
BJ.__pga_aggregate_target=293601280
BJ.__sga_target=545259520
BJ.__shared_io_pool_size=0
BJ.__shared_pool_size=218103808
BJ.__streams_pool_size=8388608
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/BJ/adump'
*.audit_trail='DB','EXTENDED'
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BJ/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/BJ/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='BJ'
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=BJXDB)'
*.local_listener='BJ1526' 修改成 *.local_listener=''
*.memory_target=838860800
*.O7_DICTIONARY_ACCESSIBILITY=FALSE
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.undo_retention=900
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS2'
[oracle@beijing ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SYS@BJ>create spfile from pfile;
File created.
SYS@BJ>startup nomount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 835104768 bytes
Fixed Size 2257840 bytes
Variable Size 507513936 bytes
Database Buffers 318767104 bytes
Redo Buffers 6565888 bytes
SYS@BJ>alter database mount;
Database altered.
SYS@BJ>alter database open;
Database altered.
SYS@BJ>show parameter name
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
cell_offloadgroup_name string
db_file_name_convert string
db_name string BJ
db_unique_name string BJ
global_names boolean FALSE
instance_name string BJ
lock_name_space string
log_file_name_convert string
processor_group_name string
service_names string BJ
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