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最新推荐文章于 2020-07-22 12:14:54 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2020-07-22 12:14:54 发布

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Access Paths

1. Full table scans 全表扫描
This type of scan reads all rows from a table and filters out those that do not meet the selection criteria. The database sequentially scans all data blocks in the segment, including those under the high water mark that separates used from unused space
这种类型的扫描从一个表读取所有行，并滤掉那些不符合选择条件的行。数据库顺序扫描段中的所有数据块，包括那些高水位标记以下的块，高水位标记用来分隔已使用和未使用的空间

2. Rowid scans Rowid扫描
The rowid of a row specifies the data file and data block containing the row and the location of the row in that block. The database first obtains the rowids of the selected rows, either from the statement WHERE clause or through an index scan, and then locates each selected row based on its rowid.
行的 rowid 指定包含行的数据文件和数据块，以及行在该块中的位置。数据库通过语句的 WHERE 子句或一个索引扫描，首先获取所选的行的 rowids，然后基于这些 rowid查找每个选定的行。

3. Index scans 索引扫描
This scan searches an index for the indexed column values accessed by the SQL statement (see "Index Scans"). If the statement accesses only columns of the index, then Oracle Database reads the indexed column values directly from the index.
此扫描搜索被SQL 语句访问的索引列的值（请参见"索引扫描"）。如果该语句仅访问已被索引的列，则数据库直接从索引读取索引的列值。

4. Cluster scans 簇扫描
A cluster scan is used to retrieve data from a table stored in an indexed table cluster, where all rows with the same cluster key value are stored in the same data block (see "Overview of Indexed Clusters"). The database first obtains the rowid of a selected row by scanning the cluster index. Oracle Database locates the rows based on this rowid.
簇扫描用来检索存储在一个索引化的表簇中的一个表中的数据，具有相同的簇键的所有行都存储在同一个数据块中（请参见"索引化表簇概述"）。Oracle数据库首先通过扫描簇索引来获取所选行的 rowid。然后基于此 rowid查找相应行。

5. Hash scans 哈希扫描
A hash scan is used to locate rows in a hash cluster, where all rows with the same hash value are stored in the same data block (see "Overview of Hash Clusters". The database first obtains the hash value by applying a hash function to a cluster key value specified by the statement. Oracle Database then scans the data blocks containing rows with this hash value.
哈希扫描用于查找哈希群集中的行，其中具有相同哈希值的所有行都存储在同一个数据块中（请参阅"哈希簇概述"。Oracle数据库首先通过将哈希函数应用于由该语句指定的簇键值，以获得哈希值。然后扫描包含具有此哈希值的行的数据块。

Optimizer Statistics 优化器统计

Optimizer statistics are a collection of data that describe details about the database and the objects in the database. The statistics provide a statistically correct picture of data storage and distribution usable by the optimizer when evaluating access paths.
优化器统计信息是描述有关数据库和数据库中的对象的详细信息的数据集合。统计信息提供数据存储和分布的正确描述，以被优化器用来评估访问路径。
Optimizer statistics include the following:
优化器统计信息包括：
(1) Table statistics 表统计
These include the number of rows, number of blocks, and average row length.
这包括行数、块数、和平均行长等。
(2) Column statistics 列统计
These include the number of distinct values and nulls in a column and the distribution of data.
这包括非重复值数目、空值数目、和数据的分布。
(3) Index statistics 索引统计
These include the number of leaf blocks and index levels.
这包括叶块数目和索引级别。
(4) System statistics 系统统计
These include CPU and I/O performance and utilization.

下面这句话如何理解？
Soft parses can vary in the amount of work they perform. For example, configuring the session shared SQL area can sometimes reduce the amount of latching in the soft parses, making them "softer."
软解析要执行的工作量不是完全固定的。例如，配置会话的共享SQL 区有时可以减少软解析中的闩锁用量，使它们“更软”。

SQL Row Source Generation SQL 行源生成

The row source generator is software that receives the optimal execution plan from the optimizer and produces an iterative plan, called the query plan, that is usable by the rest of the database. The iterative plan is a binary program that, when executed by the SQL virtual machine, produces the result set.
行源生成器是一种软件，它从优化器接收经过优化的执行计划，并生成一个称为查询计划的迭代计划，可供数据库的其余部分使用。迭代计划是一个二进制程序，由SQL 虚拟机执行，以生成结果集。

The query plan takes the form of a combination of steps. Each step returns a row set. The rows in this set are either used by the next step or, in the last step, are returned to the application issuing the SQL statement.
查询计划采用组合多个步骤的形式。每一步返回一个行集。该集合中的行可以在下一步被使用，或在最后一步返回给发出 SQL 语句的应用程序。

A row source is a row set returned by a step in the execution plan along with a control structure that can iteratively process the rows. The row source can be a table, view, or result of a join or grouping operation.
行源是执行计划中的某一步骤所返回的行集，且带有能够迭代该行集的控制结构。行源可以是表、视图、或联接操作或分组操作的结果。

The row source generator produces a row source tree, which is a collection of row sources. The row source tree shows the following information:
行源生成器产生一个行源树，它是一个行源的集合。行源树显示以下信息：

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