Spring 一对多

1 概述
在本节课程中，我们继续学习多表关系，学习一对多关系。

在本例中，我们使用商品分类和商品两个实体，一个商品分类对应多个商品。

同上一节一样，继续采用Spring Boot+Spring Data JPA。工程结构如下：

重点对象，两个实体。

2 实体
分类实体Classification.java

package com.wangshenghua.entity;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Set;

import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.OneToMany;

@Entity
public class Classification implements Serializable {

private static final long serialVersionUID = -7378975775604019219L;

@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private int id;

private String name;

private int pid;

@OneToMany(mappedBy = "classification", cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
private Set<Goods> goodes;

public Classification() {
}

public Classification(String name, int pid) {
    super();
    this.name = name;
    this.pid = pid;
}

// Getter and Setter 

}
一对多关系中，在一的一方，使用@OneToMany注释，多的一方作为一的一方属性，采用Set容器装。

1
2
@OneToMany(mappedBy = “classification”, cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
private Set goodes;
级联方式是所有，CascadeType.ALL，这意味着删除当前分类，当前分类相关的商品都将被删除。

级联关系使用时要多加小时，特别是在修改和删除时，影响大。

商品实体Goods.java

package com.wangshenghua.entity;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.math.BigDecimal;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;

@Entity
public class Goods implements Serializable {

private static final long serialVersionUID = 5060150518287868308L;

@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private int id;

private String name;

private String specifications;

private BigDecimal price;

private int quantity;

@ManyToOne
@JoinColumn(name = "classification_id")
private Classification classification;

public Goods() {
}

public Goods(String name, String specifications, BigDecimal price, int quantity) {
    super();
    this.name = name;
    this.specifications = specifications;
    this.price = price;
    this.quantity = quantity;
}

// Getter and Setter

}
在分类往商品看，关系是一对多；从商品往分类看，关系是多对一。在商品实体中有分类属性：

@ManyToOne
@JoinColumn(name = “classification_id”)
private Classification classification;
@ManyToOne注释表示多对一，即多个当前实体对应一个Classification实体。

@JoinColumn表示指向一个外键， 这里指向一的一方分类实体，在当前实体的外键。

3 数据访问对象
Spring Data JPA对Hibernate抽象后，使用更简单，实现一个接口便具有很多功能。

package com.wangshenghua.dao;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import com.wangshenghua.entity.Classification;
public interface ClassificationRepository extends JpaRepository<Classification, Integer> {
}

package com.wangshenghua.dao;

import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;

import com.wangshenghua.entity.Goods;

public interface GoodsRepository extends JpaRepository<Goods, Integer> {

}
4 驱动类

package com.wangshenghua.config;

import java.math.BigDecimal;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.domain.EntityScan;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.config.EnableJpaRepositories;

import com.wangshenghua.dao.ClassificationRepository;
import com.wangshenghua.dao.GoodsRepository;
import com.wangshenghua.entity.Classification;
import com.wangshenghua.entity.Goods;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableJpaRepositories(basePackages = “com.wangshenghua.dao”)
@EntityScan(basePackages = “com.wangshenghua.entity”)
public class HibernateOneToManyMappingApplication implements CommandLineRunner {

@Autowired
private ClassificationRepository classificationRepository;

@Autowired
private GoodsRepository goodsRepository;

public static void main(String[] args) {
    SpringApplication.run(HibernateOneToManyMappingApplication.class, args);
}

@Override
public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
    // 清除表中已有数据
    //classificationRepository.deleteAllInBatch();
    //goodsRepository.deleteAllInBatch();
     
    //新建分类
    //Classification classify = new Classification("总分类",0);
    //classificationRepository.save(classify);
     
    //Classification subClassify = new Classification("服装",1);
    //classificationRepository.save(subClassify);
     
    // 新建商品
    //Goods goods = new Goods("围巾","红色，1米5",new BigDecimal(200),300);
    //goods.setClassification(subClassify);
     
    Goods goods = new Goods("鞋子","43码黑色",new BigDecimal(388),100);
    goods.setClassification(classificationRepository.getOne(2));
     
    goodsRepository.save(goods);
}

}
5 配置文件application.properties

spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/testdb?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8
spring.datasource.username=testdb
spring.datasource.password=testdb

spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect = org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto = update

logging.level.org.hibernate.SQL=DEBUG
logging.level.org.hibernate.type=TRACE
6 pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

4.0.0

org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-parent
2.1.6.RELEASE


com.wangshenghua
hibernate-one-to-many-mapping
0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
hibernate-one-to-many-mapping
Demo project for Spring Boot

<properties>
    <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    <maven-jar-plugin.version>3.1.1</maven-jar-plugin.version>
</properties>

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>5.1.38</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
        <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

7 总结 多表关系，特别要注意理清表之间的关系。共用图形工具梳理表关系，如MySQL Workbench，梳理后可以直观地认识实体之间关系。

在Spring Data JPA创建表后，将表结构与 MySQL Workbench 建模图对比，看是否一致。

本节课程源码已经上传到github，可以前往下载。