【Bash】rm -r 与 rmdir 区别

已于 2023-10-19 22:48:18 修改
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分类专栏： Linux 文章标签： linux bash strace
于 2021-11-29 10:25:31 首次发布
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文章目录

背景

今天学弟在使用 NVMe-over-TCP 时发现无法卸载 nvmet 驱动，显示使用中

在一起探讨和测试中发现最终的原因竟然在于 rm -r 和 rmdir 这两个命令上

二者区别

命令主要系统调用操作对象
rmdirrmdir仅目录
rm -ropenat, getdents64, close, unlinkat目录，以及目录所有文件

rmdir

rmdir 直接调用 rmdir 来删除目录，如果目录非空，则会删除失败

rm -r

  1. 会先用 openat 打开目录，通过 getdents64 获取目录中的内容，然后 close 目录
  2. 再第二次加上 O_CLOEXEC 标记openat 打开目录，表明当前目录即将删除，再次通过 getdents64 获取目录中的内容，然后 close 目录
  3. 然后依次通过 unlinkat 删除目录中的内容
  4. 最后通过 unlinkat 删除目录

rm -rf

但是如果使用的是 rm -rf，并且在第 3 步删除目录内文件失败时，则会跳过第 4 步，也就是说不会再对目录做任何操作

测试过程

配置环境

首先建立一个非空目录，并且给目录中的文件配置权限，禁止删除文件

mkdir dir
touch dir/file
sudo chattr +i dir/file

此时目录树如下

$ tree dir
dir
└── file

0 directories, 1 file

rmdir

$ strace -o rmdir rmdir dir/
rmdir: failed to remove 'dir/': Directory not empty

strace 抓到的内容如下，主要内容在第 37 行

execve("/usr/bin/rmdir", ["rmdir", "dir/"], 0x7ffe38ddae38 /* 26 vars */) = 0
brk(NULL)                               = 0x561e92b83000
arch_prctl(0x3001 /* ARCH_??? */, 0x7fff06684960) = -1 EINVAL (Invalid argument)
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK)      = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=46019, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 46019, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f51af80c000
close(3)                                = 0
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\360q\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
pread64(3, "\6\0\0\0\4\0\0\0@\0\0\0\0\0\0\0@\0\0\0\0\0\0\0@\0\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 784, 64) = 784
pread64(3, "\4\0\0\0\20\0\0\0\5\0\0\0GNU\0\2\0\0\300\4\0\0\0\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0", 32, 848) = 32
pread64(3, "\4\0\0\0\24\0\0\0\3\0\0\0GNU\0\t\233\222%\274\260\320\31\331\326\10\204\276X>\263"..., 68, 880) = 68
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=2029224, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f51af80a000
pread64(3, "\6\0\0\0\4\0\0\0@\0\0\0\0\0\0\0@\0\0\0\0\0\0\0@\0\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 784, 64) = 784
pread64(3, "\4\0\0\0\20\0\0\0\5\0\0\0GNU\0\2\0\0\300\4\0\0\0\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0", 32, 848) = 32
pread64(3, "\4\0\0\0\24\0\0\0\3\0\0\0GNU\0\t\233\222%\274\260\320\31\331\326\10\204\276X>\263"..., 68, 880) = 68
mmap(NULL, 2036952, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f51af618000
mprotect(0x7f51af63d000, 1847296, PROT_NONE) = 0
mmap(0x7f51af63d000, 1540096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x25000) = 0x7f51af63d000
mmap(0x7f51af7b5000, 303104, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x19d000) = 0x7f51af7b5000
mmap(0x7f51af800000, 24576, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x1e7000) = 0x7f51af800000
mmap(0x7f51af806000, 13528, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f51af806000
close(3)                                = 0
arch_prctl(ARCH_SET_FS, 0x7f51af80b580) = 0
mprotect(0x7f51af800000, 12288, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x561e91688000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x7f51af845000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
munmap(0x7f51af80c000, 46019)           = 0
brk(NULL)                               = 0x561e92b83000
brk(0x561e92ba4000)                     = 0x561e92ba4000
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=3035952, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3035952, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f51af332000
close(3)                                = 0
rmdir("dir/")                           = -1 ENOTEMPTY (Directory not empty)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale/locale.alias", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2996, ...}) = 0
read(3, "# Locale name alias data base.\n#"..., 4096) = 2996
read(3, "", 4096)                       = 0
close(3)                                = 0
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale/en_US.UTF-8/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale/en_US.utf8/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale/en_US/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale/en.UTF-8/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale/en.utf8/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale/en/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale-langpack/en_US.UTF-8/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale-langpack/en_US.utf8/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale-langpack/en_US/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale-langpack/en.UTF-8/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale-langpack/en.utf8/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale-langpack/en/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
write(2, "rmdir: ", 7)                  = 7
write(2, "failed to remove 'dir/'", 23) = 23
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale/en_US.UTF-8/LC_MESSAGES/libc.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale/en_US.utf8/LC_MESSAGES/libc.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale/en_US/LC_MESSAGES/libc.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale/en.UTF-8/LC_MESSAGES/libc.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale/en.utf8/LC_MESSAGES/libc.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale/en/LC_MESSAGES/libc.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale-langpack/en_US.UTF-8/LC_MESSAGES/libc.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale-langpack/en_US.utf8/LC_MESSAGES/libc.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale-langpack/en_US/LC_MESSAGES/libc.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale-langpack/en.UTF-8/LC_MESSAGES/libc.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale-langpack/en.utf8/LC_MESSAGES/libc.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale-langpack/en/LC_MESSAGES/libc.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
write(2, ": Directory not empty", 21)   = 21
write(2, "\n", 1)                       = 1
close(1)                                = 0
close(2)                                = 0
exit_group(1)                           = ?
+++ exited with 1 +++

rm -r

$ strace -o rm_r_fail.strace rm -r dir/
rm: cannot remove 'dir/file': Operation not permitted
rm: cannot remove 'dir/': Directory not empty

strace 抓到的内容如下，主要内容在第 39-59 以及 94-96 行

execve("/usr/bin/rm", ["rm", "-r", "dir/"], 0x7ffc2c0fb640 /* 26 vars */) = 0
brk(NULL)                               = 0x56082871e000
arch_prctl(0x3001 /* ARCH_??? */, 0x7ffd0d910cf0) = -1 EINVAL (Invalid argument)
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK)      = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=46019, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 46019, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f65c441d000
close(3)                                = 0
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\360q\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
pread64(3, "\6\0\0\0\4\0\0\0@\0\0\0\0\0\0\0@\0\0\0\0\0\0\0@\0\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 784, 64) = 784
pread64(3, "\4\0\0\0\20\0\0\0\5\0\0\0GNU\0\2\0\0\300\4\0\0\0\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0", 32, 848) = 32
pread64(3, "\4\0\0\0\24\0\0\0\3\0\0\0GNU\0\t\233\222%\274\260\320\31\331\326\10\204\276X>\263"..., 68, 880) = 68
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=2029224, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f65c441b000
pread64(3, "\6\0\0\0\4\0\0\0@\0\0\0\0\0\0\0@\0\0\0\0\0\0\0@\0\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 784, 64) = 784
pread64(3, "\4\0\0\0\20\0\0\0\5\0\0\0GNU\0\2\0\0\300\4\0\0\0\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0", 32, 848) = 32
pread64(3, "\4\0\0\0\24\0\0\0\3\0\0\0GNU\0\t\233\222%\274\260\320\31\331\326\10\204\276X>\263"..., 68, 880) = 68
mmap(NULL, 2036952, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f65c4229000
mprotect(0x7f65c424e000, 1847296, PROT_NONE) = 0
mmap(0x7f65c424e000, 1540096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x25000) = 0x7f65c424e000
mmap(0x7f65c43c6000, 303104, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x19d000) = 0x7f65c43c6000
mmap(0x7f65c4411000, 24576, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x1e7000) = 0x7f65c4411000
mmap(0x7f65c4417000, 13528, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f65c4417000
close(3)                                = 0
arch_prctl(ARCH_SET_FS, 0x7f65c441c580) = 0
mprotect(0x7f65c4411000, 12288, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x560827bb0000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x7f65c4456000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
munmap(0x7f65c441d000, 46019)           = 0
brk(NULL)                               = 0x56082871e000
brk(0x56082873f000)                     = 0x56082873f000
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=3035952, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3035952, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f65c3f43000
close(3)                                = 0
ioctl(0, TCGETS, {B38400 opost isig icanon echo ...}) = 0
lstat("/", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0755, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0
newfstatat(AT_FDCWD, "dir/", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0775, st_size=4096, ...}, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) = 0
openat(AT_FDCWD, "dir/", O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_NONBLOCK|O_NOFOLLOW|O_DIRECTORY) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0775, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0
fcntl(3, F_GETFL)                       = 0x38800 (flags O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_NOFOLLOW|O_DIRECTORY)
fcntl(3, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC)           = 0
getdents64(3, /* 3 entries */, 32768)   = 72
close(3)                                = 0
geteuid()                               = 1000
newfstatat(AT_FDCWD, "dir/", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0775, st_size=4096, ...}, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) = 0
faccessat(AT_FDCWD, "dir/", W_OK)       = 0
openat(AT_FDCWD, "dir/", O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_NONBLOCK|O_NOFOLLOW|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0775, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0
fcntl(3, F_GETFL)                       = 0x38800 (flags O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_NOFOLLOW|O_DIRECTORY)
fcntl(3, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC)           = 0
fstatfs(3, {f_type=EXT2_SUPER_MAGIC, f_bsize=4096, f_blocks=20510566, f_bfree=15993067, f_bavail=14940434, f_files=5242880, f_ffree=5074130, f_fsid={val=[3258576323, 2412010735]}, f_namelen=255, f_frsize=4096, f_flags=ST_VALID|ST_RELATIME}) = 0
fcntl(3, F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC, 3)            = 4
getdents64(3, /* 3 entries */, 32768)   = 72
getdents64(3, /* 0 entries */, 32768)   = 0
close(3)                                = 0
newfstatat(4, "file", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0664, st_size=0, ...}, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) = 0
faccessat(4, "file", W_OK)              = -1 EPERM (Operation not permitted)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale/locale.alias", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2996, ...}) = 0
read(3, "# Locale name alias data base.\n#"..., 4096) = 2996
read(3, "", 4096)                       = 0
close(3)                                = 0
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale/en_US.UTF-8/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale/en_US.utf8/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale/en_US/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale/en.UTF-8/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale/en.utf8/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale/en/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale-langpack/en_US.UTF-8/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale-langpack/en_US.utf8/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale-langpack/en_US/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale-langpack/en.UTF-8/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale-langpack/en.utf8/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale-langpack/en/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
write(2, "rm: ", 4)                     = 4
write(2, "cannot remove 'dir/file'", 24) = 24
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale/en_US.UTF-8/LC_MESSAGES/libc.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale/en_US.utf8/LC_MESSAGES/libc.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale/en_US/LC_MESSAGES/libc.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale/en.UTF-8/LC_MESSAGES/libc.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale/en.utf8/LC_MESSAGES/libc.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale/en/LC_MESSAGES/libc.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale-langpack/en_US.UTF-8/LC_MESSAGES/libc.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale-langpack/en_US.utf8/LC_MESSAGES/libc.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale-langpack/en_US/LC_MESSAGES/libc.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale-langpack/en.UTF-8/LC_MESSAGES/libc.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale-langpack/en.utf8/LC_MESSAGES/libc.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale-langpack/en/LC_MESSAGES/libc.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
write(2, ": Operation not permitted", 25) = 25
write(2, "\n", 1)                       = 1
close(4)                                = 0
newfstatat(AT_FDCWD, "dir/", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0775, st_size=4096, ...}, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) = 0
faccessat(AT_FDCWD, "dir/", W_OK)       = 0
unlinkat(AT_FDCWD, "dir/", AT_REMOVEDIR) = -1 ENOTEMPTY (Directory not empty)
write(2, "rm: ", 4)                     = 4
write(2, "cannot remove 'dir/'", 20)    = 20
write(2, ": Directory not empty", 21)   = 21
write(2, "\n", 1)                       = 1
lseek(0, 0, SEEK_CUR)                   = -1 ESPIPE (Illegal seek)
close(0)                                = 0
close(1)                                = 0
close(2)                                = 0
exit_group(1)                           = ?
+++ exited with 1 +++

rm -rf

$ strace -o rm_fail.strace rm -rf dir/
rm: cannot remove 'dir/file': Operation not permitted

strace 抓到的内容如下，主要内容在第 39-55 行

execve("/usr/bin/rm", ["rm", "-rf", "dir/"], 0x7fff7bc99c20 /* 26 vars */) = 0
brk(NULL)                               = 0x5566570fe000
arch_prctl(0x3001 /* ARCH_??? */, 0x7ffde2720670) = -1 EINVAL (Invalid argument)
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK)      = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=46019, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 46019, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7fcb89d87000
close(3)                                = 0
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\360q\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
pread64(3, "\6\0\0\0\4\0\0\0@\0\0\0\0\0\0\0@\0\0\0\0\0\0\0@\0\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 784, 64) = 784
pread64(3, "\4\0\0\0\20\0\0\0\5\0\0\0GNU\0\2\0\0\300\4\0\0\0\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0", 32, 848) = 32
pread64(3, "\4\0\0\0\24\0\0\0\3\0\0\0GNU\0\t\233\222%\274\260\320\31\331\326\10\204\276X>\263"..., 68, 880) = 68
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=2029224, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fcb89d85000
pread64(3, "\6\0\0\0\4\0\0\0@\0\0\0\0\0\0\0@\0\0\0\0\0\0\0@\0\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 784, 64) = 784
pread64(3, "\4\0\0\0\20\0\0\0\5\0\0\0GNU\0\2\0\0\300\4\0\0\0\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0", 32, 848) = 32
pread64(3, "\4\0\0\0\24\0\0\0\3\0\0\0GNU\0\t\233\222%\274\260\320\31\331\326\10\204\276X>\263"..., 68, 880) = 68
mmap(NULL, 2036952, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7fcb89b93000
mprotect(0x7fcb89bb8000, 1847296, PROT_NONE) = 0
mmap(0x7fcb89bb8000, 1540096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x25000) = 0x7fcb89bb8000
mmap(0x7fcb89d30000, 303104, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x19d000) = 0x7fcb89d30000
mmap(0x7fcb89d7b000, 24576, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x1e7000) = 0x7fcb89d7b000
mmap(0x7fcb89d81000, 13528, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fcb89d81000
close(3)                                = 0
arch_prctl(ARCH_SET_FS, 0x7fcb89d86580) = 0
mprotect(0x7fcb89d7b000, 12288, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x5566566dd000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x7fcb89dc0000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
munmap(0x7fcb89d87000, 46019)           = 0
brk(NULL)                               = 0x5566570fe000
brk(0x55665711f000)                     = 0x55665711f000
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=3035952, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3035952, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7fcb898ad000
close(3)                                = 0
ioctl(0, TCGETS, {B38400 opost isig icanon echo ...}) = 0
lstat("/", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0755, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0
newfstatat(AT_FDCWD, "dir/", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0775, st_size=4096, ...}, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) = 0
openat(AT_FDCWD, "dir/", O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_NONBLOCK|O_NOFOLLOW|O_DIRECTORY) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0775, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0
fcntl(3, F_GETFL)                       = 0x38800 (flags O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_NOFOLLOW|O_DIRECTORY)
fcntl(3, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC)           = 0
getdents64(3, /* 3 entries */, 32768)   = 72
close(3)                                = 0
openat(AT_FDCWD, "dir/", O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_NONBLOCK|O_NOFOLLOW|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0775, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0
fcntl(3, F_GETFL)                       = 0x38800 (flags O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_NOFOLLOW|O_DIRECTORY)
fcntl(3, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC)           = 0
fstatfs(3, {f_type=EXT2_SUPER_MAGIC, f_bsize=4096, f_blocks=20510566, f_bfree=15993067, f_bavail=14940434, f_files=5242880, f_ffree=5074130, f_fsid={val=[3258576323, 2412010735]}, f_namelen=255, f_frsize=4096, f_flags=ST_VALID|ST_RELATIME}) = 0
fcntl(3, F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC, 3)            = 4
getdents64(3, /* 3 entries */, 32768)   = 72
getdents64(3, /* 0 entries */, 32768)   = 0
close(3)                                = 0
unlinkat(4, "file", 0)                  = -1 EPERM (Operation not permitted)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale/locale.alias", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=2996, ...}) = 0
read(3, "# Locale name alias data base.\n#"..., 4096) = 2996
read(3, "", 4096)                       = 0
close(3)                                = 0
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale/en_US.UTF-8/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale/en_US.utf8/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale/en_US/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale/en.UTF-8/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale/en.utf8/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale/en/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale-langpack/en_US.UTF-8/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale-langpack/en_US.utf8/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale-langpack/en_US/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale-langpack/en.UTF-8/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale-langpack/en.utf8/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale-langpack/en/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
write(2, "rm: ", 4)                     = 4
write(2, "cannot remove 'dir/file'", 24) = 24
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale/en_US.UTF-8/LC_MESSAGES/libc.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale/en_US.utf8/LC_MESSAGES/libc.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale/en_US/LC_MESSAGES/libc.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale/en.UTF-8/LC_MESSAGES/libc.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale/en.utf8/LC_MESSAGES/libc.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale/en/LC_MESSAGES/libc.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale-langpack/en_US.UTF-8/LC_MESSAGES/libc.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale-langpack/en_US.utf8/LC_MESSAGES/libc.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale-langpack/en_US/LC_MESSAGES/libc.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale-langpack/en.UTF-8/LC_MESSAGES/libc.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale-langpack/en.utf8/LC_MESSAGES/libc.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/share/locale-langpack/en/LC_MESSAGES/libc.mo", O_RDONLY) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
write(2, ": Operation not permitted", 25) = 25
write(2, "\n", 1)                       = 1
close(4)                                = 0
lseek(0, 0, SEEK_CUR)                   = -1 ESPIPE (Illegal seek)
close(0)                                = 0
close(1)                                = 0
close(2)                                = 0
exit_group(1)                           = ?
+++ exited with 1 +++

最后取消文件的权限，看一下 rm -rf 成功时的系统调用

sudo chattr -i dir/file
strace -o rm_rf_succ.strace rm -rf dir/

strace 抓到的内容如下，主要内容在第 39-57 行

execve("/usr/bin/rm", ["rm", "-rf", "dir/"], 0x7ffee56569a0 /* 26 vars */) = 0
brk(NULL)                               = 0x55cc9fc1d000
arch_prctl(0x3001 /* ARCH_??? */, 0x7ffec41c6210) = -1 EINVAL (Invalid argument)
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK)      = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=46019, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 46019, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f771df9d000
close(3)                                = 0
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\360q\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
pread64(3, "\6\0\0\0\4\0\0\0@\0\0\0\0\0\0\0@\0\0\0\0\0\0\0@\0\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 784, 64) = 784
pread64(3, "\4\0\0\0\20\0\0\0\5\0\0\0GNU\0\2\0\0\300\4\0\0\0\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0", 32, 848) = 32
pread64(3, "\4\0\0\0\24\0\0\0\3\0\0\0GNU\0\t\233\222%\274\260\320\31\331\326\10\204\276X>\263"..., 68, 880) = 68
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=2029224, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f771df9b000
pread64(3, "\6\0\0\0\4\0\0\0@\0\0\0\0\0\0\0@\0\0\0\0\0\0\0@\0\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 784, 64) = 784
pread64(3, "\4\0\0\0\20\0\0\0\5\0\0\0GNU\0\2\0\0\300\4\0\0\0\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0", 32, 848) = 32
pread64(3, "\4\0\0\0\24\0\0\0\3\0\0\0GNU\0\t\233\222%\274\260\320\31\331\326\10\204\276X>\263"..., 68, 880) = 68
mmap(NULL, 2036952, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f771dda9000
mprotect(0x7f771ddce000, 1847296, PROT_NONE) = 0
mmap(0x7f771ddce000, 1540096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x25000) = 0x7f771ddce000
mmap(0x7f771df46000, 303104, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x19d000) = 0x7f771df46000
mmap(0x7f771df91000, 24576, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x1e7000) = 0x7f771df91000
mmap(0x7f771df97000, 13528, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f771df97000
close(3)                                = 0
arch_prctl(ARCH_SET_FS, 0x7f771df9c580) = 0
mprotect(0x7f771df91000, 12288, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x55cc9ec06000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x7f771dfd6000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
munmap(0x7f771df9d000, 46019)           = 0
brk(NULL)                               = 0x55cc9fc1d000
brk(0x55cc9fc3e000)                     = 0x55cc9fc3e000
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=3035952, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 3035952, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f771dac3000
close(3)                                = 0
ioctl(0, TCGETS, {B38400 opost isig icanon echo ...}) = 0
lstat("/", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0755, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0
newfstatat(AT_FDCWD, "dir/", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0775, st_size=4096, ...}, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) = 0
openat(AT_FDCWD, "dir/", O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_NONBLOCK|O_NOFOLLOW|O_DIRECTORY) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0775, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0
fcntl(3, F_GETFL)                       = 0x38800 (flags O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_NOFOLLOW|O_DIRECTORY)
fcntl(3, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC)           = 0
getdents64(3, /* 3 entries */, 32768)   = 72
close(3)                                = 0
openat(AT_FDCWD, "dir/", O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_NONBLOCK|O_NOFOLLOW|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0775, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0
fcntl(3, F_GETFL)                       = 0x38800 (flags O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_LARGEFILE|O_NOFOLLOW|O_DIRECTORY)
fcntl(3, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC)           = 0
fstatfs(3, {f_type=EXT2_SUPER_MAGIC, f_bsize=4096, f_blocks=20510566, f_bfree=15993064, f_bavail=14940431, f_files=5242880, f_ffree=5074129, f_fsid={val=[3258576323, 2412010735]}, f_namelen=255, f_frsize=4096, f_flags=ST_VALID|ST_RELATIME}) = 0
fcntl(3, F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC, 3)            = 4
getdents64(3, /* 3 entries */, 32768)   = 72
getdents64(3, /* 0 entries */, 32768)   = 0
close(3)                                = 0
unlinkat(4, "file", 0)                  = 0
close(4)                                = 0
unlinkat(AT_FDCWD, "dir/", AT_REMOVEDIR) = 0
lseek(0, 0, SEEK_CUR)                   = -1 ESPIPE (Illegal seek)
close(0)                                = 0
close(1)                                = 0
close(2)                                = 0
exit_group(0)                           = ?
+++ exited with 0 +++

参考资料

本文作者： ywang_wnlo
本文链接： https://ywang-wnlo.github.io/posts/935ae1f0/
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linux（redhat5）错误处理小结 1. 开启：/sbin/service iptables start ...rm -rf /test/* 删除test目录下所有文件 rmdir 删除目录 7. rpm -qa|grep 软件名称 查看软件安装包 rpm -ivh 安装包名称.rpm 安装软件
GitProjectNew
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也可以使用vim mv'文件''位置'=移动文件和文件夹cat'文件名'=读取文件rm'文件名'=删除文件rmdir'目录名'=删除/删除一个空目录rm -rf'目录名'=删除/删除不为空的目录（-r =递归，-f表示强制） clear =清除终端窗口Git...
Linux培训系列整合版
07-04
目录 介绍 bash 介绍 bash－shell 您在运行 bash 吗？ 关于 bash 使用“cd” 路径 绝对路径 相对路径 使用“..” 使用“..”（续） ...rm rmdir ...单引号与双引号的对比 Linux技术文章 海量Linux技术文章
2009 达内Unix学习笔记
02-10
ksh:$ sh:$ csh:guangzhou% bash:bash-3.00$ 一、注意事项 命令和参数之间必需用空格隔开，参数和参数之间也必需用空格隔开。 一行不能超过256个字符；大小写有区分。 二、特殊字符含义 文件名以“.”开头...
LINUX rm命令
Yplayer001的博客
08-13 771
rm命令——删除文件或目录 rm -r ：删除目录时必须使用此项，表示递归删除整个目录树（谨慎使用） rm -f ：删除文件或目录时不进行提醒，而直接强制删除 rm -i ：删除文件或目录时提醒用户确认 rm -rf：永久性强制删除（慎用）！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！ ...
Linux常用命令——rm 命令
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redrose2100的博客
11-29 3959
命令是Linux中处理文件和目录删除的基本工具。正确地理解和使用其参数对于Linux用户来说至关重要。由于其不可逆的特性，操作时必须格外小心。命令是一个非常强大且危险的工具，用于删除文件和目录。由于其具有不可逆的特性，了解其参数和正确使用非常重要。参数可以组合使用，以适应不同的删除需求。
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识途老码
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rm误删文件恢复
rmdir函数linux
06-13
在 Linux 系统中，rmdir是...需要注意的是，如果目录不为空，rmdir指令将无法删除该目录，此时可以使用`rm -r`指令删除该目录及其包含的所有文件和子目录。但是，使用`rm -r`指令需要格外小心，因为误删非常容易发生。

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