struts数据源详解

Struts连接数据库一般有直接JDBC和数据源两种方式，


1、JDBC：
在MySQL中创建数据库：


drop database if exists login;
create database login;
use login;
create table user(
username varchar(50) not null,
password varchar(50) ,
primary key (username)
);

insert into user (username,password) values ("CoderDream", "12345678");测试代码：
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.Statement;

public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
// A: 1、2 都可以
// Class.forName("org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver"); // 1
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); // 2

// B: 连接数据库，用户名为：root，密码为空
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(
"jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/login", "root", "");

// C: 创建 Statement
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();

// D: 查询数据库中用户 CoderDream 的密码字段
String sql = "select password from user where username ='CoderDream'";

// E: 得到结果集
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);

// F: 处理结果集，简单的输出password
while (rs.next()) {
System.out.print(rs.getString("password")); // 输出结果为 12345678
}

// G: 关闭资源
rs.close();
stmt.close();
conn.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
在Struts中一般会写一个公用类，用于连接数据库：
A、创建数据库：ADDRESSBOOKSAMPLE.sql
DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS ADDRESSBOOKSAMPLE;
CREATE DATABASE ADDRESSBOOKSAMPLE;
USE ADDRESSBOOKSAMPLE;
CREATE TABLE ADDRESSBOOK_TABLE(ID INT(4) AUTO_INCREMENT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,NAME VARCHAR(25), PHONE VARCHAR(10), ADDRESS VARCHAR(50));
INSERT INTO ADDRESSBOOK_TABLE VALUES(1,'Wang','56671234','Beijing,Haidian');
INSERT INTO ADDRESSBOOK_TABLE VALUES(2,'Zhang','45664568','Shanghai,Pudong');
INSERT INTO ADDRESSBOOK_TABLE VALUES(3,'Cheng','56643456','Tianjing');
INSERT INTO ADDRESSBOOK_TABLE VALUES(4,'Zhao','56789988','Hainan');
INSERT INTO ADDRESSBOOK_TABLE VALUES(5,'Cao','56498543','Heibei');
B、公用类：DbUtil.java
package addressbook.model;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;

/**
* <strong>DbUtil</strong> is a utility class to create a connection to our
* sample database.
*/
public class DbUtil {
static String driverName = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
static String dbUrl = "jdbc:mysql://";

public DbUtil() {

}

public static Connection connectToDb(String hostName, String databaseName)
throws Exception {
Connection connection = null;
String connName = dbUrl + hostName + ":3306" + "/" + databaseName;
Class.forName(driverName).newInstance();
connection = DriverManager.getConnection(connName, "root", "");
return connection;
}

public static Connection connectToDb(String databaseName) throws Exception {
return (connectToDb("localhost", databaseName));
}

public static Connection connectToDb() throws Exception {
return (connectToDb("localhost", "addressbooksample"));
}
}
C、JavaBean中调用公用类：
public void insert() throws Exception {
Connection con = DbUtil.connectToDb();
PreparedStatement pStmt = null;
try {
pStmt = con.prepareStatement("INSERT INTO " + Constants.TABLENAME
+ " (name,phone,address)" + " values(?,?,?)");
con.setAutoCommit(false);

pStmt.setString(1, name);
pStmt.setString(2, phone);
pStmt.setString(3, address);
pStmt.executeUpdate();
con.commit();
} catch (Exception ex) {
try {
con.rollback();
} catch (SQLException sqlex) {
sqlex.printStackTrace(System.out);
}
throw ex;
} finally {
try {
pStmt.close();
con.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

public static Vector search(String strSql) throws Exception {
Vector addressbookBeans = new Vector();
Connection con = DbUtil.connectToDb();
PreparedStatement pStmt = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
pStmt = con.prepareStatement(strSql);
rs = pStmt.executeQuery();
while (rs.next()) {
addressbookBeans.add(new AddressBookBean(rs.getString("NAME"),
rs.getString("PHONE"), rs.getString("ADDRESS")));
}
return addressbookBeans;
} finally {
try {
rs.close();
pStmt.close();
con.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

2、一般数据源配置
在struts-config.xml的<data-sources>标签中加入：
<!-- ============ Data Source =================================== -->
<data-sources>
<data-source type="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource">
<set-property property="autoCommit" value="true" />
<set-property property="description"
value="MySQL Data Source" />
<set-property property="driverClassName"
value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
<set-property property="maxCount" value="10" />
<set-property property="minCount" value="2" />
<set-property property="username" value="root" />
<set-property property="password" value="" />
<set-property property="url"
value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/addressbooksample" />
</data-source>
</data-sources>同时导入以下包：
mysql-connector-java-5.1.0-bin.jar
commons-dbcp-1.2.2.jar
commons-pool-1.3.jar

注意：这里有个一个属性“property="driverClassName"”千万要 写成"driverClassName"，而不是“driverClass”，否则会找不到！
孙卫琴的《精通Struts》就是漏掉了Name，让我调试了一个下午。
org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource
protected synchronized DataSource createDataSource()
throws SQLException {



// Load the JDBC driver class
if (driverClassName != null) {
try {
Class.forName(driverClassName);
} catch (Throwable t) {
String message = "Cannot load JDBC driver class '" +
driverClassName + "'";
logWriter.println(message);
t.printStackTrace(logWriter);
throw new SQLNestedException(message, t);
}
}

// Create a JDBC driver instance
Driver driver = null;
try {
driver = DriverManager.getDriver(url);
} catch (Throwable t) {
String message = "Cannot create JDBC driver of class '" +
(driverClassName != null ? driverClassName : "") +
"' for connect URL '" + url + "'";
logWriter.println(message);
t.printStackTrace(logWriter);
throw new SQLNestedException(message, t);
}
}从源代码我们可以看到，如果不是“driverClassName”，就会得不到相应的类名，后面的getDriver(url)就会抛出异常：
[ERROR] ActionServlet - Initializing application data source org.apache.struts.action.DATA_SOURCE <org.apache.commons.dbcp.SQLNestedException: Cannot create JDBC driver of class '' for connect URL 'jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/addressbooksample'>org.apache.commons.dbcp.SQLNestedException: Cannot create JDBC driver of class ' ' for connect URL 'jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/addressbooksample'
at org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource.createDataSource(BasicDataSource.java:1150)
at org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource.setLogWriter(BasicDataSource.java:959)
at org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet.initModuleDataSources(ActionServlet.java:778)
at org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet.init(ActionServlet.java:331)
at javax.servlet.GenericServlet.init(GenericServlet.java:212)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.loadServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1139)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.load(StandardWrapper.java:966)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.loadOnStartup(StandardContext.java:3956)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start(StandardContext.java:4230)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:760)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:740)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:544)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory(HostConfig.java:920)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectories(HostConfig.java:883)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployApps(HostConfig.java:492)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.start(HostConfig.java:1138)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent(HostConfig.java:311)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:120)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1022)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.start(StandardHost.java:736)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1014)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start(StandardEngine.java:443)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start(StandardService.java:448)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:700)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:552)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:295)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:433)
Caused by: java.sql.SQLException: No suitable driver
at java.sql.DriverManager.getDriver(DriverManager.java:264)
at org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource.createDataSource(BasicDataSource.java:1143)
30 more
提示class ' '不能连接URL！

数据源配置好了以后，我们就可以在Action中得到DataSource。
在InsertAction的execute()方法中：
DataSource ds = getDataSource(request);
Connection con = ds.getConnection();

bean.insert(con);

这样，改写Bean中的insert()方法和search()方法，传入参数增加一个“Connection con”：

public void insert(Connection con) throws Exception {
PreparedStatement pStmt = null;
try {
pStmt = con.prepareStatement("INSERT INTO " + Constants.TABLENAME
+ " (name,phone,address)" + " values(?,?,?)");
con.setAutoCommit(false);

pStmt.setString(1, name);
pStmt.setString(2, phone);
pStmt.setString(3, address);
pStmt.executeUpdate();
con.commit();
} catch (Exception ex) {
try {
con.rollback();
} catch (SQLException sqlex) {
sqlex.printStackTrace(System.out);
}
throw ex;
} finally {
try {
pStmt.close();
con.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

public static Vector search(Connection con, String strSql) throws Exception {
Vector addressbookBeans = new Vector();
PreparedStatement pStmt = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
pStmt = con.prepareStatement(strSql);
rs = pStmt.executeQuery();
while (rs.next()) {
addressbookBeans.add(new AddressBookBean(rs.getString("NAME"),
rs.getString("PHONE"), rs.getString("ADDRESS")));
}
return addressbookBeans;
} finally {
try {
rs.close();
pStmt.close();
con.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
这样就不需使用数据库工具类 DbUtil 了。


3、插件方式，任何地方都可以得到数据源。

以一般方式配置的数据源有一个局限性，就是只能在Action中得到，因为要用到HttpServletRequest作为参数来得到数据源。

解决的办法是写一个插件，这个插件实现了Struts的PlugIn接口。

通过这个插件，我们可以在任何类中（包括Action、JavaBean和其他类）直接得到数据源，并建立连接：



package addressbook.plug;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

import org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet;
import org.apache.struts.action.PlugIn;
import org.apache.struts.config.ModuleConfig;

public class Conn implements PlugIn {

private static DataSource dataSource = null;
private Connection conn = null;
private PreparedStatement preStmt = null;
private Statement stmt = null;

// 得到数据源
public void init(ActionServlet servlet, ModuleConfig config) {
dataSource = (DataSource) servlet.getServletContext().getAttribute(
"org.apache.struts.action.DATA_SOURCE");
}

public Conn() throws SQLException {
if (dataSource != null) {
conn = dataSource.getConnection();
}
}

public ResultSet executeQuery(String sql) {
ResultSet rs = null;

try {
if (stmt == null) {
stmt = conn.createStatement();
}

rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}

return rs;
}

public void executeUpdate(String sql) throws SQLException {
if (stmt == null) {
stmt = conn.createStatement();
}

stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
}

public Connection getConn() {
return conn;
}

public void prepareStatement(String sqlStr) throws SQLException {
preStmt = conn.prepareStatement(sqlStr);
}

public void setString(int index, String value) throws SQLException {
preStmt.setString(index, value);
}

public void setInt(int index, int value) throws SQLException {
preStmt.setInt(index, value);
}

public void setBoolean(int index, boolean value) throws SQLException {
preStmt.setBoolean(index, value);
}

public void setLong(int index, long value) throws SQLException {
preStmt.setLong(index, value);
}

public void setFloat(int index, float value) throws SQLException {
preStmt.setFloat(index, value);
}

public void setBytes(int index, byte[] value) throws SQLException {
preStmt.setBytes(index, value);
}

public void clearPreStmt() throws SQLException {
preStmt.clearParameters();
preStmt = null;
}

public ResultSet executeQuery() throws SQLException {
if (preStmt != null) {
return preStmt.executeQuery();
} else {
return null;
}
}

public void executeUpdate() throws SQLException {
if (preStmt != null) {
preStmt.executeUpdate();
}
}

public void close() {
try {
if (stmt != null) {
stmt.close();
stmt = null;
}

if (preStmt != null) {
preStmt.close();
preStmt = null;
}

if (conn != null) {
conn.close();
conn = null;
System.out.println("**** a connection is closed ****");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println(e.getMessage());
}
}

public void destroy() {
}
}
在struts-config.xml中配置数据源：
<!-- ============ Data Source =================================== -->
<data-sources>
<data-source key="org.apache.struts.action.DATA_SOURCE"
type="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource">
<set-property property="autoCommit" value="true" />
<set-property property="description"
value="MySQL Data Source" />
<set-property property="driverClassName"
value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
<set-property property="maxCount" value="10" />
<set-property property="minCount" value="2" />
<set-property property="username" value="root" />
<set-property property="password" value="" />
<set-property property="url"
value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/addressbooksample" />
</data-source>
</data-sources>同时在struts-config.xml文件的最后配置PlugIn
<!-- ========== PlugIn Definitions ============================== -->
<plug-in className="addressbook.plug.Conn"></plug-in>
这样，我们在JavaBean和其他类中就可以直接得到数据源的Connection了：
Connection con = new Conn().getConn();

注意：
在Struts1.3中已经取消了<data-sources>标签，也就是说只能在1.2版中配置，因为Apache不推荐在struts-config.xml中配置数据源。

参考资料：
1、在struts中以无参数的javabeans的方式调用struts-config.xml中配置的数据源
2、struts数据源管理器
3、struts 数据源问题

源代码：
1 JDBC版：addressbookV1.zip
2普通配置版：addressbookV2.zip
3PlugIn版： addressbookV3.zip

PS: 可以直接将源代码导入eclipse，然后加入Struts 1.2的所有包和另外3个包 mysql-connector-java-5.1.0-bin.jar 、commons-dbcp-1.2.2.jar 、commons-pool-1.3.jar 。
数据库推荐使用BeanSoft的MySQL绿色版。