Java Native Interface (JNI) 简介

本文为 Core Java Volume II Advanced Features 11th.Edition笔记，介绍如何使用JNI接口,主要用于java调用本地接口（C，CPP）

目录

Why native code might be the right choice

Calling a C Function from a Java Program

 1. Declare a native method in a Java class

2. Run javah to get a header file with a C declaration for the method

 3. Implement the native method in C

 4. your Java program to load the library

5. Place the code in a shared library and run it

 Numeric Parameters and Return Values

​String Parameters

 Accessing Fields

 Encoding Signatures

 Calling Java Methods

 Accessing Array Elements

​ Using the Invocation API

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Why native code might be the right choice

1. Your application requires access to system features or devices that are not accessible through the Java platform.
2. You have substantial amounts of tested and debugged code in another language, and you know how to port it to all desired target platforms.
3. You have found, through benchmarking, that the Java code is much slower than the equivalent code in another language.

Calling a C Function from a Java Program

 1. Declare a native method in a Java class

2. Run javah to get a header file with a C declaration for the method

 javac -h . HelloNative.java

The macros JNIEXPORT and JNICALL are defined in the header file jni.h. They denote compiler-dependent specifiers for exported  functions that come from a dynamically loaded library.

 3. Implement the native method in C

 Linux: gcc -fPIC -I jdk/include -I jdk/include/linux -shared -o libHelloNative.so HelloNative.c

 Windows: cl -I jdk\include -I jdk\include\win32 -LD HelloNative.c -FeHelloNative.dll

 4. your Java program to load the library

  To ensure that the JVM will load the library before the first use of the class, use a static initialization block.

5. Place the code in a shared library and run it

 Numeric Parameters and Return Values

String Parameters

 

 GetStringUTFChars returns a pointer to the “modified UTF-8” encoding of a string. The pointer is valid until ReleaseStringUTFChars is called. The 3rd parameter  is filled with JNI_TRUE if the array is a copy. If you aren’t interested in that information, just pass a NULL pointer.

NewStringUTF returns a new Java string object from a zero byte-terminated “modified UTF-8” byte sequence

ReleaseStringUTFChars informs the virtual machine that the native code no longer needs access to the Java string through chars (a pointer returned by GetStringChars).

 

 

 Accessing Fields

 Encoding Signatures

 

 To describe an array type, use a [. E.g., A float[][] is mangled into [[F, method receiving two integers and returning an integer is encoded as (II)I

 

 Calling Java Methods

 Accessing Array Elements

 

 

 

 Using the Invocation API

The invocation API enables you to embed the Java virtual machine into a C or C++ program.

 gcc -I jdk/include -I jdk/include/linux -o InvocationTest \  -L jdk/jre/lib/i386/client -ljvm InvocationTest.c