shell逐行读取文件

shell中如何逐行读取？

在ubuntu下测试。

准备2个文件：

$ cat cfg
line1_a line1_b
line2_a line2_b
line3_a line3_b$ cat cfg.newline 
line1_a line1_b
line2_a line2_b
line3_a line3_b

注:cfg最后一行是没有换行符的，cfg.newline最后一行是有换行符中。
即hexdump -C cfg和hexdump -C cfg.newline两个命令对比可以发现，
cfg.newline最后是’0x0a’（换行符）。

shell脚本read_file.sh 如下：

#!/bin/bash
echo "FUNC: while read l"  # OK
while read l 
do 
echo "line :"$l
done < $1

echo "FUNC: cat while read l"  # OK
cat $1 | while read l 
do 
echo "line :"$l
done


echo "----------"

echo "FUNC: while line"  # OK
while l=$(line)
do 
echo "line :"$l
done < $1

echo "FUNC: cat while line"  # OK
cat $1 | while l=$(line) 
do 
echo "line :"$l
done

echo "----------"

echo "FUNC: for l in cat file"  # IN VAIN
for l in `cat $1`
do
echo "line:"$l"(end)"
done

echo "FUNC: for l in file"  # IN VAIN
for l in $(cat $1)
do
echo "line:"$l"(end)"
done

运行如下：

$ /bin/bash read_file.sh cfg
FUNC: while read l
line :line1_a line1_b
line :line2_a line2_b
FUNC: cat while read l
line :line1_a line1_b
line :line2_a line2_b
----------
FUNC: while line
line :line1_a line1_b
line :line2_a line2_b
FUNC: cat while line
line :line1_a line1_b
line :line2_a line2_b
----------
FUNC: for l in cat file
line:line1_a(end)
line:line1_b(end)
line:line2_a(end)
line:line2_b(end)
line:line3_a(end)
line:line3_b(end)
FUNC: for l in file
line:line1_a(end)
line:line1_b(end)
line:line2_a(end)
line:line2_b(end)
line:line3_a(end)
line:line3_b(end)

$ /bin/bash read_file.sh cfg.newline 
FUNC: while read l
line :line1_a line1_b
line :line2_a line2_b
line :line3_a line3_b
FUNC: cat while read l
line :line1_a line1_b
line :line2_a line2_b
line :line3_a line3_b
----------
FUNC: while line
line :line1_a line1_b
line :line2_a line2_b
line :line3_a line3_b
FUNC: cat while line
line :line1_a line1_b
line :line2_a line2_b
line :line3_a line3_b
----------
FUNC: for l in cat file
line:line1_a(end)
line:line1_b(end)
line:line2_a(end)
line:line2_b(end)
line:line3_a(end)
line:line3_b(end)
FUNC: for l in file
line:line1_a(end)
line:line1_b(end)
line:line2_a(end)
line:line2_b(end)
line:line3_a(end)
line:line3_b(end)

结论

1.

while read l 
do 
echo "line :"$l
done < $filename

和

cat $filename | while read l 
do 
echo "line :"$l
done

这种方式可以逐行读取文件，但不能读取没有换行符的最后一行。
且$l会去除该行前后所有空格，中间多个空格会换成1个空格。

2.

for l in `cat $1`
do
echo "line:"$l"(end)"
done

只能读取一个个空格或者换行分开的串，不是逐行读取。