Handler源码分析

Handler源码分析

1.Handler的初始化

`

 public Handler(Callback callback, boolean async) {
    if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) {
        final Class<? extends Handler> klass = getClass();
        if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) &&
                (klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) {
            Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " +
                klass.getCanonicalName());
        }
    }

    //初始化Looper
    mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
    if (mLooper == null) {
        throw new RuntimeException(
            "Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()");
    }
    //初始化消息队列
    mQueue = mLooper.mQueue;
    mCallback = callback;
    mAsynchronous = async;
}

在调用

  public Handler() {
        this(null, false);
    }

首先final Looper mLooper;初始化

  public static @Nullable Looper myLooper() {
    return sThreadLocal.get();
}

` 官方解释是这个方法返回一个与当前线程关联起来的Looper,如果没有关联起来,就返回为null . 其中 sThreadLocal是在Looper类中的成员变量 static final ThreadLocal sThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal();

源码中有一个这样的解释 // sThreadLocal.get() will return null unless you've called prepare(). static final ThreadLocal sThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal();

就是说,如果你没有调用prepare(),方法,就会返回null,那么prepare()什么时候执行呢?

为什么在主线程中不需要调用Looper.prepare()方法?

因为在ActivityThread类的main方法中有 `

public static void main(String[] args) {  
        SamplingProfilerIntegration.start();  
        CloseGuard.setEnabled(false);  
        Environment.initForCurrentUser();  
        // Set the reporter for event logging in libcore  
        EventLogger.setReporter(new EventLoggingReporter());  
        Process.setArgV0("<pre-initialized>");  
        Looper.prepareMainLooper();//这实际就是一个实例化一个looper对象,大家也可以看看prepareMainlooper方法(下方)。  
        ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread();  
        thread.attach(false);  
        if (sMainThreadHandler == null) {  
            sMainThreadHandler = thread.getHandler();  
        }   
    Looper.loop();//启动循环器   

｝ ` 也就是说,Activity在启动的时候,已经调用了Looper.prepareMainLooper();

此方法的执行如下 `

  public static void prepareMainLooper() {
    prepare(false);
    synchronized (Looper.class) {
        if (sMainLooper != null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("The main Looper has already been prepared.");
        }
        sMainLooper = myLooper();
    }
}

在

  private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) {
    if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
        throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
    }
    sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));
}

再来看看 sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));的执行

 public void set(T value) {
        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
        ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
        if (map != null)
            map.set(this, value);
        else
            createMap(t, value);
    }

` 把Looper设置到map中,这里createMap(t,value);

`

 void createMap(Thread t, T firstValue) {
    t.threadLocals = new ThreadLocalMap(this, firstValue);
}

` 这个firstValue就是new Looper(false);

`

 private Looper(boolean quitAllowed) {
    mQueue = new MessageQueue(quitAllowed);
    mThread = Thread.currentThread();
}

new Looper(false);的时候,就初始化了 消息队列和当前Thread ,然后回过头来看 sThreadLocal.get();

   public T get() {
    Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
    ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
    if (map != null) {
        ThreadLocalMap.Entry e = map.getEntry(this);
        if (e != null)
            return (T)e.value;
    }
    return setInitialValue();
}

这里的getMap(t);就不在是null了

 ThreadLocalMap getMap(Thread t) {
    return t.threadLocals;
}

` 他的返回值是之前就已经new的ThreadLocalMap

然后从Map中取出Entry, `

     ThreadLocalMap(ThreadLocal firstKey, Object firstValue) {
        table = new Entry[INITIAL_CAPACITY];
        int i = firstKey.threadLocalHashCode & (INITIAL_CAPACITY - 1);
        table[i] = new Entry(firstKey, firstValue);
        size = 1;
        setThreshold(INITIAL_CAPACITY);
    }

`

ThreadLocalMap的分析

1.初始化一个Entry[16]数组 2.生成一个hashCode的值 3.给生成的这个hashcode的Entry[]赋值,键是firstKey,也就是ThreadLocal,value值,对应的就是 new Looper(false);

然后来看看下面的代码 `

 if (map != null) {
        ThreadLocalMap.Entry e = map.getEntry(this);
        if (e != null)
            return (T)e.value;
    }

其中getEntry(this),实现如下

  private Entry getEntry(ThreadLocal key) {
        int i = key.threadLocalHashCode & (table.length - 1);
        Entry e = table[i];
        if (e != null && e.get() == key)
            return e;
        else
            return getEntryAfterMiss(key, i, e);
    }

这里的table.length就是16,也就是这里i值,就是初始化对应的值,而 Entry e = table[i];就是在ThreadLocalMap中构造中的 table[i] = new Entry(firstKey, firstValue); 这里key是this,也就是ThreadLocal,而e.get(),是firstKey,也就是存储时的ThreadLocal 这两个值时同一个值. Entry的构造如下

  Entry(ThreadLocal k, Object v) {
                super(k);
                value = v;
            }

`

然后e.value;这个值就是Looper,也就是前面的new Looper(false); 到这里Looper就完成了初始化.

消息队列MessageQueue的初始化

前面在初始化Looper的时候,就初始化了MessageQueue `

 private Looper(boolean quitAllowed) {
    mQueue = new MessageQueue(quitAllowed);
    mThread = Thread.currentThread();
}

而MessageQueue它的构造函数如下:

  MessageQueue(boolean quitAllowed) {
    mQuitAllowed = quitAllowed;
    mPtr = nativeInit();
}

那么到这里,Handler中的成员变量都初始化了

final Looper mLooper;
final MessageQueue mQueue;
final Callback mCallback;
final boolean mAsynchronous;

`

Handler中的消息发送

主要有如下几个方法 1. `

 public final boolean sendMessage(Message msg)
{
    return sendMessageDelayed(msg, 0);
}

2.

   public final boolean sendEmptyMessage(int what)
{
    return sendEmptyMessageDelayed(what, 0);
}

3.

 public final boolean sendEmptyMessageDelayed(int what, long delayMillis) {
    Message msg = Message.obtain();
    msg.what = what;
    return sendMessageDelayed(msg, delayMillis);
}

4.

  public final boolean sendEmptyMessageAtTime(int what, long uptimeMillis) {
    Message msg = Message.obtain();
    msg.what = what;
    return sendMessageAtTime(msg, uptimeMillis);
}

5.

 public final boolean sendMessageDelayed(Message msg, long delayMillis)
{
    if (delayMillis < 0) {
        delayMillis = 0;
    }
    return sendMessageAtTime(msg, SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delayMillis);
}

6.

  public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
    MessageQueue queue = mQueue;
    if (queue == null) {
        RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
                this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
        Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);
        return false;
    }
    return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis);
}

7.

  public final boolean sendMessageAtFrontOfQueue(Message msg) {
    MessageQueue queue = mQueue;
    if (queue == null) {
        RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
            this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
        Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);
        return false;
    }
    return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, 0);
}

`

以上的方法,最终都会调用 `

  public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
    MessageQueue queue = mQueue;
    if (queue == null) {
        RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
                this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
        Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);
        return false;
    }
    return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis);
}

创建一个Message,当做参数传进来,时间间隔 然后调用enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis); 这个方法的实现如下:

  private boolean enqueueMessage(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
    msg.target = this;
    if (mAsynchronous) {
        msg.setAsynchronous(true);
    }
    return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);
}

this指的是Handler,而mAsynchronous这个值默认是false 所以主要方法流程执行到queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis); 看看他的实现

boolean enqueueMessage(Message msg, long when) {
    if (msg.target == null) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Message must have a target.");
    }
    if (msg.isInUse()) {
        throw new IllegalStateException(msg + " This message is already in use.");
    }

    synchronized (this) {
        if (mQuitting) {
            IllegalStateException e = new IllegalStateException(
                    msg.target + " sending message to a Handler on a dead thread");
            Log.w(TAG, e.getMessage(), e);
            msg.recycle();
            return false;
        }

        msg.markInUse();
        msg.when = when;
        Message p = mMessages;
        boolean needWake;
        if (p == null || when == 0 || when < p.when) {
            // New head, wake up the event queue if blocked.
            msg.next = p;
            mMessages = msg;
            needWake = mBlocked;
        } else {
            // Inserted within the middle of the queue.  Usually we don't have to wake
            // up the event queue unless there is a barrier at the head of the queue
            // and the message is the earliest asynchronous message in the queue.
            needWake = mBlocked && p.target == null && msg.isAsynchronous();
            Message prev;
            for (;;) {
                prev = p;
                p = p.next;
                if (p == null || when < p.when) {
                    break;
                }
                if (needWake && p.isAsynchronous()) {
                    needWake = false;
                }
            }
            msg.next = p; // invariant: p == prev.next
            prev.next = msg;
        }

        // We can assume mPtr != 0 because mQuitting is false.
        if (needWake) {
            nativeWake(mPtr);
        }
    }
    return true;
}

` 先看下面这段逻辑

`

 synchronized (this) {
    ...省略
  msg.markInUse();
        msg.when = when;
        Message p = mMessages;
        boolean needWake;
        if (p == null || when == 0 || when < p.when) {
            // New head, wake up the event queue if blocked.
            msg.next = p;
            mMessages = msg;
            needWake = mBlocked;
        }
    ...省略
     // We can assume mPtr != 0 because mQuitting is false.
        if (needWake) {
            nativeWake(mPtr);
        }
  return true;

` 首先 给消息标记为正在使用, 然后赋值一些基本信息 把下一个节点 赋值为p,默认为null ,然后给当前的消息,赋值给mMessages 设置阻塞标志

然后返回 true

回到前面ActivityThread中的Looper.loop方法 看看他的实现 `

   public static void loop() {
    //取出当前的Looper
    final Looper me = myLooper();
    if (me == null) {
        throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");
    }
    //给消息队列赋值
    final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;

    // Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process,
    // and keep track of what that identity token actually is.
    Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
    final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();

    for (;;) {
        //从消息队列中取出Message
        Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
        if (msg == null) {
            // No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.
            return;
        }

        // This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger
        final Printer logging = me.mLogging;
        if (logging != null) {
            logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " +
                    msg.callback + ": " + msg.what);
        }
        //做出一些跟踪标志
        final long traceTag = me.mTraceTag;
        if (traceTag != 0 && Trace.isTagEnabled(traceTag)) {
            Trace.traceBegin(traceTag, msg.target.getTraceName(msg));
        }
        try {
            //然后调用mHandler的dispatchMessage(msg);这里的target就是发送消息时绑定的Handler
            msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
        } finally {
            //结束消息的跟踪
            if (traceTag != 0) {
                Trace.traceEnd(traceTag);
            }
        }

        if (logging != null) {
            logging.println("<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback);
        }

        // Make sure that during the course of dispatching the
        // identity of the thread wasn't corrupted.
        final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
        if (ident != newIdent) {
            Log.wtf(TAG, "Thread identity changed from 0x"
                    + Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x"
                    + Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to "
                    + msg.target.getClass().getName() + " "
                    + msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what);
        }

        msg.recycleUnchecked();
    }
}

` 注意到,调用looper.loop()方法,会执行 msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg); 所以要处理发送的消息时,就必须重写这个方法

上面的 msg.recycleUnchecked();对消息进行回收处理. `

  void recycleUnchecked() {
    // Mark the message as in use while it remains in the recycled object pool.
    // Clear out all other details.
    flags = FLAG_IN_USE;
    what = 0;
    arg1 = 0;
    arg2 = 0;
    obj = null;
    replyTo = null;
    sendingUid = -1;
    when = 0;
    target = null;
    callback = null;
    data = null;

    synchronized (sPoolSync) {
        if (sPoolSize < MAX_POOL_SIZE) {
            next = sPool;
            sPool = this;
            sPoolSize++;
        }
    }
}

`

回过头来看一下流程,首先我们在Activity启动的时候,就会执行一个 Looper.prepareMainLooper(); 和 Looper.loop(); 如果我们在主线程中new Handler(); 那么就会执行this.Handler(null,false); 这个构造方法里会初始化 Looper.myLooper(); 和mLooper.mQueue,消息队列

Looper.myLooper 会执行ThreadLocal中的get方法 static final ThreadLocal sThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal();