C语言学习笔记[第6天]2022.11.16

三、数据和C

4. C语言基本数据类型

4.7 复数与虚数类型

​ 3种复数类型：float_Complex、double_Complex、和long double_Comlex
​ 3种虚数类型：float_Imaginary、doube_Imaginary和long double_Imaginary。

4.8 其他类型

​ 数组、指针、结构和联合

4.9 类型大小

/* typesize.c -- 打印类型大小 */
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    /* C99为类型大小提供%zd转换说明*/
    printf("Type int has a size of %zd bytes.\n", sizeof(int));
    printf("Type char has a size of %zd bytes.\n", sizeof(char));
    printf("Type long has a size of %zd bytes.\n", sizeof(long))；
    printf("Type long long has a size of %zd bytes.\n", sizeof(long long));
    printf("Type double has a size of %zd bytes.\n", sizeof(double));
    printf("Type long double has a size of %zd bytes.\n",sizeof(long double));
    return 0;
}
//Type int has a size of 4 bytes.
//Type char has a size of 1 bytes.
//Type long has a size of 8 bytes.
//Type long long has a size of 8 bytes.
//Type double has a size of 8 bytes.
//Type long double has a size of 16 bytes.

​

5. 使用数据类型

int apples = 3; /* 正确 */
int oranges = 3.0; /* 不好的形式 */
int cost = 12.99 /* 用double类型的值初始化int类型的变量 */
float pi = 3.1415926536; /* 用double类型的值初始化float 类型的变量*/
    

5. 参数和陷阱

/* badcout.c -- 参数错误的情况 */
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    int n = 4;
    int m = 5;
    float f = 7.0f;
    float g = 8.0f;
    
    printf("%d\n", n, m);   /* 参数太多 */
	printf("%d %d %d\n", n);/* 参数太少 */
	printf("%d %d \n", f, g);/* 值的类型不匹配*/

	return 0;
}
//XCode 4.6 (OS 10.8)的输出如下：
//4
//4 1 706337836
//1606414344 1
//Microsoft Visual Studio Express 2012 (Windows 7) 的输出如下：
//4
//4 0 0
//0 1075576832

6. 转义序列示例

/* escape.c -- 使用转移序列 */
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    float salary;
    
    printf("\aEnter your desired monthly salary:");	/* 1 */
    pritnf("$__________\b\b\b\b\b\b\b");			/* 2 */
    scanf("%f", &salary);
    printf("\n\t$%.2f a month is $%.2f a year.", salary,
          salary * 12.0);							/* 3 */
    printf("\rGee!\n");
    
    return 0;
}

7. 程序运行情况

​ ■刷新输出

四、字符串和格式化输入/输出

1.前导程序

// talkback.c -- 演示与用户交互
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>		// 提供 strlen()函数的原型
#define DENSITY 62.4	// 人体密度（单位：磅/立方英尺）
int main()
{
    float weight, volume;
    int size, letters;
    char name[40];		// name是一个可容纳40个字符的数组
    
    printf("Hi! What's your first name?\n");
    scanf("%s, name");
    printf("%s, what's your weight in pounds?\n", name);
    scanf("%f", &weight);
    size = sizeof(name);
    letters = strlen(name);
    volume = weight / DENSITY;
    printf("Well, %s, your volume is %2.2f cubic feet.\n", name, volume);
    printf("Also, your first name has %d letters,\n", letters);
    pritnf("and we have %d bytes to store it.\n", size);
    
    return 0;
}