配置主库
主库必须启用二进制日志并有唯一的server ID,设置后需要重启mysql服务生效。主从数据传输同步是根据binlog实现的,如果未启用binlog,复制是不可能的。复制组内每个服务器都必须有一个唯一的server ID,此ID用来标识各个服务器,且为1-2的32次方之间的整数,默认为0。
[mysqld] log-bin=master_info server-id=1 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1 sync_binlog=1
配置从库
从库也必须有唯一的server ID,不能省略,否则拒绝连接。
[mysqld] server-id=2
创建复制用户
帐号需可被从库访问,并具有REPLICATION SLAVE权限,也可不必单独为复制创建帐号。
[master] mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'repluser'@'192.168.90.129' IDENTIFIED BY 'mypass'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
获取主库二进制日志执行位置并同步数据
配置复制需要指定从库开始执行主库的二进制日志的起始执行位置,因此当从库同步主库现有数据时,需要停止在主库上执行更新语句,然后获得主库的当前二进制日志坐标并转储数据。如果主库继续执行更新操作,可能导致主从数据不一致。
获取主库二进制日志坐标的方式:
- 主库执行FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK 语句:
mysql> FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;
该语句刷新所有表及块写入语句,对于InnoDB表还会阻塞Commit。非正常退出该session,FLUSH TABLES仍会生效,如使用exit退出锁会被释放。
- 执行SHOW MASTER STATUS语句确定当前的二进制日志文件名和位置
mysql> show master status; +--------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +--------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | master_info.000007 | 120 | | | | +--------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec)
- 同步主从数据
如果正在创建一个全新的主从复制可忽略本步骤,如果创建的主库已存在数据,需要创建一个主库的数据快照并在从库中恢复。或许数据快照的方式很多,可使用备份工具如:mysqldump、xtrabackup等,也可直接拷贝主库数据文件。
- 释放读锁
mysql> UNLOCK TABLES;
从库执行CHANGE MASTER TO语句,启动复制
mysql> change master to master_user='repluser', -> master_password='mypass', -> master_host='192.168.90.129', -> master_log_file='master_info.000007', -> master_log_pos=120; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.11 sec) mysql> start slave; ## 启动复制线程 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec) mysql> show slave status \G; *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Master_Host: 192.168.90.129 Master_User: repluser Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: master_info.000004 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120 Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000001 Relay_Log_Pos: 4 Relay_Master_Log_File: master_info.000004 Slave_IO_Running: No Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql,information_schema Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 120 Relay_Log_Space: 120 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 1593 Last_IO_Error: Fatal error: The slave I/O thread stops because master and slave have equal MySQL server UUIDs; these UUIDs must be different for replication to work. Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 1 Master_UUID: Master_Info_File: /home/mysql/slave_a/data/master.info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 140716 23:49:33 Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: Executed_Gtid_Set: Auto_Position: 0 1 row in set (0.00 sec) 提示有相同的UUID,查找原因发现是复制文件时将auto.cnf文件也拷贝过来了, 该文件里面记录了数据库的uuid,每个库的uuid应该是不一样的。 [master] mysql> show variables like '%server%id%'; +----------------+--------------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------+--------------------------------------+ | server_id | 1 | | server_id_bits | 32 | | server_uuid | 71b00d22-fe27-11e3-bc27-000c29348dbe | +----------------+--------------------------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.03 sec) [slave] mysql> show variables like '%server%id%'; +----------------+--------------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------+--------------------------------------+ | server_id | 3 | | server_id_bits | 32 | | server_uuid | 71b00d22-fe27-11e3-bc27-000c29348dbe | +----------------+--------------------------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.03 sec)
解决办法,按照这个16进制格式,随便改下,重启mysql即可
mysql> show variables like '%server%id%'; +----------------+--------------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------+--------------------------------------+ | server_id | 3 | | server_id_bits | 32 | | server_uuid | 71b00d22-fe27-11e3-bc27-000c29348888 | +----------------+--------------------------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) mysql> show slave status \G; *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.90.129 Master_User: repluser Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: master_info.000004 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120 Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000003 Relay_Log_Pos: 285 Relay_Master_Log_File: master_info.000004 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql,information_schema Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 120 Relay_Log_Space: 452 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 1 Master_UUID: 71b00d22-fe27-11e3-bc27-000c29348dbe Master_Info_File: /home/mysql/slave_a/data/master.info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: Executed_Gtid_Set: Auto_Position: 0 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
验证同步效果
[master] mysql> create table test.sysc ( > id int primary key, -> name varchar(10) -> ); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec) mysql> insert into test.sysc values(1001,'1001'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into test.sysc values(1002,'1002'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec) [slave] mysql> use test; Database changed mysql> show tables; +----------------+ | Tables_in_test | +----------------+ | sysc | +----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from sysc; +------+------+ | id | name | +------+------+ | 1001 | 1001 | | 1002 | 1002 | +------+------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
整理自网络
Svoid
2014-07-16
来自 “ ITPUB博客 ” ,链接:http://blog.itpub.net/29733787/viewspace-1222327/,如需转载,请注明出处,否则将追究法律责任。
转载于:http://blog.itpub.net/29733787/viewspace-1222327/