1.概述
Spring中有两种类型的Bean,一种是普通Bean,另一种是工厂Bean,即FactoryBean,这两种Bean都被容器管理,但工厂Bean跟普通Bean不同,其返回的对象不是指定类的一个实例,其返回的是该FactoryBean的getObject方法所返回的对象。在Spring框架内部,有很多地方有FactoryBean的实现类,它们在很多应用如(Spring的AOP、ORM、事务管理)及与其它第三框架(ehCache)集成时都有体现,下面简单分析FactoryBean的用法。
2.实例
以下SimpleFactoryBean类实现了FactoryBean接口中的三个方法。 并将该类配置在XML中。
- public class SimpleFactoryBean implements FactoryBean {
- private boolean flag;
- public Object getObject() throws Exception {
- if (flag) {
- return new Date();
- }
- return new String("false");
- }
- @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
- public Class getObjectType() {
- return flag ? Date.class : String.class;
- }
- public boolean isSingleton() {
- return false;
- }
- public void setFlag(boolean flag) {
- this.flag = flag;
- }
- }
- <bean id="factoryBeanOne" class="com.study.demo.factorybean.SimpleFactoryBean" >
- <property name="flag">
- <value>true</value>
- </property>
- </bean>
- <bean id="factoryBeanTwo" class="com.study.demo.factorybean.SimpleFactoryBean" >
- <property name="flag">
- <value>false</value>
- </property>
- </bean>
- public class MainTest {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- Resource res = new ClassPathResource("bean.xml");
- BeanFactory factory = new XmlBeanFactory(res);
- System.out.println(factory.getBean("factoryBeanOne").getClass());
- System.out.println(factory.getBean("factoryBeanTwo").getClass());
- }
- }
通过简单的测试可知,该类输出如下:
class java.util.Date
class java.lang.String
也就是说,容器通过getBean方法返回的不是FactoryBean本身,而是FactoryBean实现类中getObject()方法所返回的对象。
3.FactoryBean的扩展应用
以Spring集成 ehcache 为例,看下org.springframework.cache.ehcache.EhCacheManagerFactoryBean类与org.springframework.cache.ehcache.EhCacheFactoryBean类。EhCacheManagerFactoryBean类中的getObject()和getObjectType() 方法返回的如下:
- public Object getObject() {
- return this.cacheManager;
- }
- public Class getObjectType() {
- return (this.cacheManager != null ? this.cacheManager.getClass() : CacheManager.class);
- }
EhCacheFactoryBean类中的getObject()和getObjectType() 方法返回的如下:
- public Object getObject() {
- return this.cache;
- }
- public Class getObjectType() {
- return (this.cache != null ? this.cache.getClass() : Ehcache.class);
- }
有了这两个FactoryBean,在Spring容器中使用ehcache就变得很简单了。配置如下:
- <bean id="cacheManager" class="org.springframework.cache.ehcache.EhCacheManagerFactoryBean">
- <property name="configLocation">
- <value>classpath:ehcache.xml</value>
- </property>
- </bean>
- <bean id="levelOneCache" class="org.springframework.cache.ehcache.EhCacheFactoryBean">
- <property name="cacheManager">
- <ref local="cacheManager" />
- </property>
- <property name="cacheName">
- <value>levelOneCache</value>
- </property>
- </bean>
应用代码如下:
- public class MainTest {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- Resource res = new ClassPathResource("bean.xml");
- BeanFactory factory = new XmlBeanFactory(res);
- //取到CacheManager类的实例
- CacheManager cacheManager = (CacheManager) factory
- .getBean("cacheManager");
- //取到Cache类的实例
- Cache levelOneCache = cacheManager.getCache("levelOneCache");
- }
- }
还有一篇文章
Spring FactoryBean 是创建 复杂的bean,一般的bean 直接用xml配置即可,如果一个bean的创建过程中涉及到很多其他的bean 和复杂的逻辑,用xml配置比较困难,这时可以考虑用FactoryBean
例子如下:
1:创建一个Car类(是为了简便)一般不能直接给出Car类,如果是这样直接注入就可以或者Car对象了,这里只是为了简便。
- <span style="font-size:10px;">package com.myapp.core.factorybean;
- public class Car {
- private String make;
- private int year;
- public String getMake() {
- return make;
- }
- public void setMake(String make) {
- this.make = make;
- }
- public int getYear() {
- return year;
- }
- public void setYear(int year) {
- this.year = year;
- }
- }</span><span style="font-size:24px;">
- </span>
2:一个FactoryBean的实现拥有创建car
- package com.myapp.core.factorybean;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.FactoryBean;
- public class MyCarFactoryBean implements FactoryBean<Car>{
- private String make;
- private int year;
- public void setMake(String make) {
- this.make = make;
- }
- public void setYear(int year) {
- this.year = year;
- }
- @Override
- public Car getObject() throws Exception {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- //Here is a complex car object created
- // wouldn't be a very useful FactoryBean
- // if we could simply instantiate the object!
- Car car = new Car();
- if(year != 0){
- car.setYear(this.year);
- }
- if("make".equals(make)){
- car.setMake("we are making bla bla bla");
- }else{
- car.setMake(this.make);
- }
- return car;
- }
- @Override
- public Class<?> getObjectType() {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- return Car.class;
- }
- @Override
- public boolean isSingleton() {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- return false;
- }
- }
以上中创建car太简单了,如果太简单就没有必要用FactoryBean创建了,可以写的复杂些。
3:Person 引用一个car
- package com.myapp.core.factorybean;
- public class Person {
- private Car car;
- public Car getCar() {
- return car;
- }
- public void setCar(Car car) {
- this.car = car;
- }
- public String toString(){
- return car.getMake()+"::::"+car.getYear();
- }
- }
4:配置引用xml格式:
- <bean id="car" class="com.myapp.core.factorybean.MyCarFactoryBean">
- <property name="make" value="makeing car"/>
- <property name="year" value="123"/>
- </bean>
- <bean id="person" class="com.myapp.core.factorybean.Person">
- <property name="car" ref="car"/>
- </bean>
5:编写测试类测试:
- package com.myapp.core.factorybean;
- import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
- import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
- public class MainTest {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("resource/others.xml");
- Person person = (Person)context.getBean("person");
- // Car car = (Car)context.getBean("car");
- // System.out.println(car);
- System.out.println(person);
- }
- }
测试结果 makeing car::::123
利用FactoryBean创建car成功
只是为了说明思想。因为这个接口太重要了。在Spring中有很多类实现了改接口over