面试题之自创 大数相乘

大数相乘（整数）

• 真言

思考真的很舒服。

• 引言

大数据的时代已经到来，大数据的操作还是需要的。很多面试题的根本就在于大数据的处理，大数据超出了整形的表示范围。

• 题目

想法实现大数的乘法。

• 思路

用字符串可以很长的特点，去模拟数字的乘法操作。

• 实验

• 代码

test.cpp（更新过）

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

// extra the class of string
class String:public string
{
public:

	// mode the add of int
	static string ADD_Int(string a,string b)
	{
		// exception of input
		if( a.empty() )
			return b;
		else if( b.empty() )
			return "0";
		if(!check_all_number(a) || !check_all_number(b))
		{
			return "exception of input ADD_Int";
		}
		Standardization(a);
		Standardization(b);	

		if(a[0] != '-' && b[0] != '-')
			return AddInt(a,b);
		else if(a[0] != '-'&& b[0] == '-')		
			return MinusInt( a,b.substr( 1,b.size() ) );
		else if(a[0] == '-'&& b[0] != '-')
			return MinusInt(b,a.substr(1,a.size()));
		else return '-'+AddInt(a.substr(1,a.size()),b.substr( 1,b.size() ));
	}

	// make a-b mode int a - b;
	static string MINUS_Int(string a,string b)
	{
		// exception of input
		if( a.empty() )
			return b;
		else if( b.empty() )
			return "0";
		if(!check_all_number(a) || !check_all_number(b))
		{
			return "exception of input Multiplies_Int";
		}
		Standardization(a);
		Standardization(b);	
		if(a[0] != '-' && b[0] != '-')
			return MinusInt(a,b);
		else if(a[0] != '-' && b[0] == '-')
			return AddInt(a,b.substr(1,b.size()));
		else if(a[0] == '-' && b[0] != '-')
			return "-"+AddInt(a.substr(1,a.size()),b);
		else return MinusInt( b.substr(1,b.size()) , a.substr(1,a.size()) );
	}

	// make a*b mode int a * b;
	static string MULT_Int(string a,string b)
	{
		// exception of input
		if( a.empty() )
			return b;
		else if( b.empty() )
			return "0";
		if(!check_all_number(a) || !check_all_number(b))
		{
			return "exception of input Multiplies_Int";
		}
		Standardization(a);
		Standardization(b);	
		string::size_type i = a.size(),j = b.size();
		string c = "0",d = "";
		bool fushu = (a[0] == '-' && b[0] != '-')||(a[0] != '-' && b[0] == '-');
		if(a[0] == '-')	
			a = a.substr(1,a.size());		
		if(b[0] == '-')	
			b = b.substr(1,b.size());

		int jinwei = 0;
		for( j = b.size()-1 ; j < b.size() ;j--)
		{
			// each number of b to * a 
			jinwei = 0;
			for( i = a.size()-1 ; i < a.size() ;i-- )
			{
				d = IntToChar(   ( CharToNumber(a[i]) * CharToNumber(b[j]) + jinwei ) % 10 )+ d ;
				jinwei = ( CharToNumber(a[i]) * CharToNumber(b[j]) + jinwei ) / 10 ;
			}
			if(jinwei)
				d = IntToChar(jinwei) +d;
			// add all number result
			c = ADD_Int(c,d);
			d = "";
			unsigned int zero = 0 ;
			while( zero < b.size() - j )
			{
				d = d + '0';
				zero ++;
			}

		}

		Standardization(c);
		if( fushu )
			return '-'+c;
		else return c;
	}

	// mode the division a/b
	static string DIV_Int(string a,string b)
	{
		// exception of input
		if( a.empty() )
			return "0";
		else if( b.empty() )
			return "e";
		if(!check_all_number(a) || !check_all_number(b))
		{
			return "exception of input DIV_Int";
		}
		Standardization(a);
		Standardization(b);	
		if(b == "0")
			return "e";
		bool fushu =  (a[0] == '-' && b[0] != '-')||(a[0] != '-' && b[0] == '-');
		if( a[0] == '-' )	
			a = a.substr(1,a.size());		
		if( b[0] == '-' )	
			b = b.substr(1,b.size());
		if( Compare(a,b) == '<' )
			return "0";


		string yushu = "";
		
		string beichushu = a.substr(0,b.size());	
		string shang = Division( beichushu , b);
		yushu =  MinusInt( beichushu ,MULT_Int( shang, b) );
		string c = shang;

		for(string::size_type i = b.size(); i<a.size(); i++)
		{	
			// beichushu = (yushu * 10 + a.substr(i,b.size())) 
			// shang = beichushu/ b;
			// c = c + shang;
			// yushu = beichushu  - b* shang;
			beichushu =   yushu+ a[i]     ;
			shang = Division( beichushu , b);
			c = c + shang;			
			yushu =  MinusInt( beichushu ,MULT_Int( shang, b) );
		}
		Standardization(c);
		return fushu?('-'+c):c;
	}

private:
	// static char division a/b
	static string Division(string a,string b)
	{
		// exception of input
		if( a.empty() )
			return "0";
		else if( b.empty() )
			return "e";
		if(!check_all_number(a) || !check_all_number(b))
		{
			cout<<"exception of input Division"<<endl;
			return "e";
		}
		Standardization(a);
		Standardization(b);	
		int i = 0;
		while( i<=9 )
		{
			// if a - b*i < b
			if(  Compare(   MINUS_Int(   a  ,   MULT_Int(IntToChar(i),b)    ) , b ) == '<'    )
				break;
			i++;
		}
		if( i>9 )
			return "e";
		return ""+IntToChar(i);
	}

	// make a-b mode int a - b;
	static string MinusInt(string a,string b)
	{
		// exception of input
		if(!check_all_number(a) || !check_all_number(b))
			return "exception of input MinusInt";
		Standardization(a);
		Standardization(b);
		// particular string of input
		if(a.empty())
		{
			if(b.empty())
				return "0";
			else
				return "-"+b;
		}
		else if(b.empty())
		{
			return a;
		}

		// normal number a < b
		string c = "";
		bool check = true ;
		if(Compare(a,b) == '=')
			return "0";
		else if(Compare(a,b) == '<')
		{
			c = a ;
			a = b ;
			b = c ;
			c = "";
			check = false ;
		}
		// normal number a >= b
		string::size_type i = a.size()-1, j = b.size()-1;
		int jiewei = 0,now;

		while(i < a.size() && j < b.size())
		{
			now = CharToNumber(a[i]) - CharToNumber(b[j]) - jiewei ;

			if( now < 0 )
			{
				jiewei = 1;
				now = 10 + now ;
			}
			else jiewei = 0;
			c = IntToChar(now)  + c ;
			i--;j--;
		}
		while(i < a.size())
		{
			now = CharToNumber(a[i]) - jiewei ;
			if( now < 0 )
			{
				jiewei = 1;
				now = 10 + now ;
			}
			else jiewei = 0;
			c = IntToChar( now )  + c ;
			i--;
		}
		Standardization(c);
		if(!check)
			c = '-' + c;		
		return c; 
	}


	// mode the add of int
	static string AddInt(string a,string b)
	{
		// exception of input
		if( a.empty() )
			return b;
		else if( b.empty() )
			return "0";
		if(!check_all_number(a) || !check_all_number(b))
		{
			return "exception of input AddInt";
		}
		Standardization(a);
		Standardization(b);
		string::size_type i = a.size()-1 ,j = b.size()-1 , k = 0 ;
		string c = "";
		int jinwei = 0;
		while( i < a.size() && j < b.size() )
		{
			c = IntToChar( ( CharToNumber(a[i]) + CharToNumber(b[j]) + jinwei ) % 10 ) + c;
			jinwei = ( CharToNumber(a[i]) + CharToNumber(b[j]) + jinwei ) / 10;
			j--;i--;
		}
		while( j < b.size()  )
		{
			c =  IntToChar( ( CharToNumber(b[j]) + jinwei ) % 10 ) + c;
			jinwei = ( jinwei + CharToNumber(b[j]) ) / 10;	
			j--;
		}
		while( i < a.size() )
		{
			c =  IntToChar( ( CharToNumber(a[i]) + jinwei ) % 10 ) + c;
			jinwei = ( jinwei + CharToNumber(a[i]) ) / 10;	
			i--;
		}
		if( jinwei )
			c = IntToChar(  jinwei  ) + c;
		Standardization(c);
		return c;
	}

	// make char to the int number
	static int CharToNumber(char c)
	{
		if( c >= '0' && c <= '9' )
			return int(c - '0');
		else 
		{
			cout<<c<<" exception of input CharToNumber "<<endl;
			system("pause");
			return 0;
		}
	}

	// make int to the model char
	static string IntToChar(int i)
	{
		if( i >= 0 && i <= 9 )
		{
			string c = "";
			return c+char(i+48);
		}
		else
		{
			cout<<i<<" exception of input IntToChar"<<endl;
			system("pause");
			return "e";
		}
	}

	// check whether the string is legal 
	static bool check_all_number(string a)
	{
		if(a.empty())
			return true ;
		string::size_type L = a.size(),i = 0;
		if(a[0] == '-')
			i++;
		while( i < L )
		{
			if( a[i] < '0' || a[i] > '9')
				return false;
			i++; 
		}
		return true ;
	}

	// compare string a and b
	static char Compare(string a,string b)
	{
		if(a.empty() || b.empty())
		{
			cout<<"error of input compare";
			return 'e';
		}
		else
		{

			if(!check_all_number(a) || !check_all_number(b))
			{
				return 'e';
			}
			Standardization(a);
			Standardization(b);
			if(a[0] == '-' && b[0] != '-')
				return '<';
			else if( a[0] != '-' && b[0] == '-')
				return '>';
			bool fushu = (a[0] == '-');

			if(a.size() > b.size() )
				return fushu?'<':'>';
			else if(a.size() == b.size())
			{
				for(string::size_type i = 0;i < a.size(); i++)
				{
					if(a[i] > b[i])
						return fushu?'<':'>';
					if(a[i] < b[i])
						return fushu?'>':'<';
				}
				return '=';
			}			
			return fushu?'>':'<';
		}
	}

	// make string into standard number
	static void Standardization(string &a)
	{
		if(!check_all_number(a))
		{
			cout<<a<<" exception of input Standardization"<<endl;
		}
		string::size_type i = 0;
		bool fushu = false ;
		if( a[0] == '-' )
		{
			fushu = true;
			i = 1;
		}
		while(i < a.size())
		{
			if(a[i] != '0')
				break;
			i++;
		}
		if(i == a.size())
			i--;
		a = a.substr(i,a.size());
		if( fushu && a != "0")
			a = '-' + a;
	}
};


// main function
int main()
{
	string a ;
	string b ;
	cin>>a>>b;
	cout<<"a="<<a<<",b="<<b<<endl;

	cout<<"MULT = "<<String::MULT_Int(a,b)<<endl;

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}