三大核心概念
Route(路由)、Predicate(断言)、Filter(过滤);
spring cloud Gateway 使用的web Flux中的reactor-netty响应式编程组件,底层使用了Netty通讯框架;
GateWay 核心逻辑 :路由转发+执行过滤链;
GateWay 网关路由两种方式:yml配置文件方式、编程方式
<!--gateway-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
</dependency>
yml配置文件方式、
一、建module、改pom引入依赖
<!--gateway-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--eureka-client-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
二、改yml
server:
port: 9527
spring:
application:
name: cloud-gateway
cloud:
gateway:
discovery:
locator:
enabled: true #开启从注册中心动态创建路由的功能,利用微服务名进行路由
routes:
- id: payment_routh #payment_route #路由的ID,没有固定规则但要求唯一,建议配合服务名
uri: http://localhost:8001 #匹配后提供服务的路由地址
predicates:
- Path=/payment/get/** #断言,路径相匹配的进行路由
- id: payment_routh2 #payment_route #路由的ID,没有固定规则但要求唯一,建议配合服务名
uri: http://localhost:8002 #匹配后提供服务的路由地址
predicates:
- Path=/payment/lb/** #断言,路径相匹配的进行路
eureka:
instance:
hostname: cloud-gateway-service
client: #服务提供者provider注册进eureka服务列表内
service-url:
fetch-registry: true
register-with-eureka: true
defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka #集群版
三、主启动
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class GateWayMain9527 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(GateWayMain9527.class,args);
}
}
编程方式
在原基础上建立Gatewayconfig类
@Configuration
public class Gatewayconfig {
/*
*配置了一个id为route-name的路由规则,
* 当访问地址http://localhost:9527/guonei时会自动转发到地址:http://news.baidu.com/guonei
*
* */
@Bean
public RouteLocator customRouteLocator(RouteLocatorBuilder routeLocatorBuilder){
RouteLocatorBuilder.Builder routes=routeLocatorBuilder.routes();
routes.route("path_route_zhutianlu",r -> r.path("/guonei").uri("http://news.baidu.com/guonei")).build();
return routes.build();
}
@Bean
public RouteLocator customRouteLocator2(RouteLocatorBuilder routeLocatorBuilder){
RouteLocatorBuilder.Builder routes=routeLocatorBuilder.routes();
routes.route("path_route_zhutianlu2",r -> r.path("/guoji").uri("http://news.baidu.com/guoji")).build();
return routes.build();
}
}
通过微服务实现动态路由功能
上面文件保持不变改变yml配置文件
server:
port: 9527
spring:
application:
name: cloud-gateway
cloud:
gateway:
discovery:
locator:
enabled: true #开启从注册中心动态创建路由的功能,利用微服务名进行路由
routes:
- id: payment_routh #payment_route #路由的ID,没有固定规则但要求唯一,建议配合服务名
#uri: http://localhost:8001 #匹配后提供服务的路由地址
uri: lb://cloud-payment-service #匹配后提供服务的路由地址
predicates:
- Path=/payment/get/** #断言,路径相匹配的进行路由
- id: payment_routh2 #payment_route #路由的ID,没有固定规则但要求唯一,建议配合服务名
#uri: http://localhost:8002 #匹配后提供服务的路由地址
uri: lb://cloud-payment-service #匹配后提供服务的路由地址
predicates:
- Path=/payment/lb/** #断言,路径相匹配的进行路由
eureka:
instance:
hostname: cloud-gateway-service
client: #服务提供者provider注册进eureka服务列表内
service-url:
fetch-registry: true
register-with-eureka: true
defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka #集群版
Filter的使用
建立MyLogGateWayFilter类 实现GlobalFilter, Ordered接口 重写两个方法进行编码即可
@Component
@Slf4j
public class MyLogGateWayFilter implements GlobalFilter, Ordered {
@Override
public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
log.info("*********************come in MyLogGateWayFilter: "+new Date());
String uname = exchange.getRequest().getQueryParams().getFirst("uname");
if(uname == null){
log.info("************************用户名为null,非法用户,┭┮﹏┭┮");
exchange.getResponse().setStatusCode(HttpStatus.NOT_ACCEPTABLE);
return exchange.getResponse().setComplete();
}
return chain.filter(exchange);
}
@Override
public int getOrder() {
return 0;
}
}
predicate的使用详见
spring cloud gateway系列教程1—Route Predicate