硬盘SMART信息数据结构

　　在Windows环境下我知道有两种方法可以读取硬盘SMART信息:一是通过DeviceIoControl这个Win API，还有就是通过wql语句查询。这两种方法已经在网上被说烂，本文主要要记录一个找到死都找不到的东西：无论是通过上面Api还是wql查询都会返回两个512字节的数据，一个记录Attributes，还有一个是SMART信息中的THRESHOLDS（对，它们是分开存储的）。那么这两个512字节的数据结构到底是如何的呢？（我在smartctl的源码中发现了它们）。
　　首先是THRESHOLDS的512字节数据结构（强烈建议使用#pragma pack(push,1) 字节对齐）：

#pragma pack(push,1)
/* Vendor attribute of SMART Threshold (compare to ata_smart_attribute above) */
struct ata_smart_threshold_entry {
    unsigned char id;
    unsigned char threshold;
    unsigned char reserved[10];
};

/* Format of Read SMART THreshold Command */
struct ata_smart_thresholds_pvt {
    unsigned short int revnumber;
    struct ata_smart_threshold_entry thres_entries[NUMBER_ATA_SMART_ATTRIBUTES];
    unsigned char reserved[149];
    unsigned char chksum;
} ;
#pragma pack(pop)

　　紧接着是 其他Attribute的512字节数据：

#pragma pack(push,1)
struct ata_smart_attribute {
    unsigned char id;
    unsigned short flags;
    unsigned char current;
    unsigned char worst;
    unsigned char raw[7];
};

struct ata_smart_values {
    unsigned short int revnumber;
    struct ata_smart_attribute vendor_attributes[NUMBER_ATA_SMART_ATTRIBUTES];
    unsigned char offline_data_collection_status;
    unsigned char self_test_exec_status;  //IBM # segments for offline collection
    unsigned short int total_time_to_complete_off_line; // IBM different
    unsigned char vendor_specific_366; // Maxtor & IBM curent segment pointer
    unsigned char offline_data_collection_capability;
    unsigned short int smart_capability;
    unsigned char errorlog_capability;
    unsigned char vendor_specific_371;  // Maxtor, IBM: self-test failure checkpoint see below!
    unsigned char short_test_completion_time;
    unsigned char extend_test_completion_time_b; // If 0xff, use 16-bit value below
    unsigned char conveyance_test_completion_time;
    unsigned short extend_test_completion_time_w; // e04130r2, added to T13/1699-D Revision 1c, April 2005
    unsigned char reserved_377_385[9];
    unsigned char vendor_specific_386_510[125]; // Maxtor bytes 508-509 Attribute/Threshold Revision #
    unsigned char chksum;
};
#pragma pack(pop)

两种方法查询硬盘SMART信息（都要管理员权限）
1. WQL（WMI Query Language）
　　wmi的存在是为了让不用C++的孩子方便用它们喜欢的语言读写系统底层的东西，而避开了win api的调用（当然效率要慢一点），所以wmi的查询语言就叫wql（无论语法还是名称都类似sql），详细语法请问google，但真的值得一学。
　　当用wql时，用管理员权限查询root\wmi命名空间下面的MSStorageDriver_FailurePredictThresholds和MSStorageDriver_FailurePredictData两张表，里面都会有一个VendorSpecific字段记录了上面所述的512字节。
　　Update: 在项目中发现通过wmi获取的硬盘Interface Type是IDE，但是通过STORAGE_PROPERTY_QUERY获得的类型是SATA。实际类型是SATA,所以wim是不正确的。并不是很推荐使用wmi。建议使用win api。
　　
2. DeviceIoControl
　　说实话这个代码很烦，我就直接上核心代码了。

// 这里的diskid大概长这个样子："\\\\.\\PHYSICALDRIVE0","\\\\.\\PHYSICALDRIVE1"  
bool ReadSMARTAttributes(const char* diskid, ata_smart_values& smart_value, ata_smart_thresholds_pvt& threshold_value)
{
    BOOL bRet = false;
    const wchar_t* physical_prefix = L"\\\\.\\PhysicalDrive";
    if (diskid != NULL && wcslen(diskid) > wcslen(physical_prefix) &&
        _wcsnicmp(diskid, physical_prefix, wcslen(physical_prefix)) == 0)
    {
        DWORD dwRet = 0;
        int ucDriveIndex = wcstol(diskid + wcslen(physical_prefix), NULL, 10);
        HANDLE hDevice = CreateFileW(diskid, GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,
            FILE_SHARE_DELETE | FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, 0);
        if (hDevice == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) return false;

        BYTE szAttributes[sizeof(SENDCMDOUTPARAMS) + READ_ATTRIBUTE_BUFFER_SIZE - 1];

        SENDCMDINPARAMS stCIP = { 0 };
        stCIP.cBufferSize = READ_ATTRIBUTE_BUFFER_SIZE;
        stCIP.bDriveNumber = ucDriveIndex;
        stCIP.irDriveRegs.bFeaturesReg = READ_ATTRIBUTES;
        stCIP.irDriveRegs.bSectorCountReg = 1;
        stCIP.irDriveRegs.bSectorNumberReg = 1;
        stCIP.irDriveRegs.bCylLowReg = SMART_CYL_LOW;
        stCIP.irDriveRegs.bCylHighReg = SMART_CYL_HI;
        stCIP.irDriveRegs.bDriveHeadReg = 0xA0;
        stCIP.irDriveRegs.bCommandReg = SMART_CMD;
        bRet = DeviceIoControl(hDevice, SMART_RCV_DRIVE_DATA, &stCIP, sizeof(stCIP), szAttributes, sizeof(SENDCMDOUTPARAMS) + READ_ATTRIBUTE_BUFFER_SIZE - 1, &dwRet, NULL);
        if (bRet)
        {
            smart_value = *(ata_smart_values*)(((SENDCMDOUTPARAMS*)szAttributes)->bBuffer);
        }

        stCIP.irDriveRegs.bFeaturesReg = READ_THRESHOLDS;
        stCIP.cBufferSize = READ_THRESHOLD_BUFFER_SIZE;
        bRet &= DeviceIoControl(hDevice, SMART_RCV_DRIVE_DATA, &stCIP, sizeof(stCIP), szAttributes, sizeof(SENDCMDOUTPARAMS) + READ_ATTRIBUTE_BUFFER_SIZE - 1, &dwRet, NULL);
        if (bRet)
        {
            threshold_value = *(ata_smart_thresholds_pvt*)(((SENDCMDOUTPARAMS*)szAttributes)->bBuffer);
        }
        CloseHandle(hDevice);
    }
    return !!bRet;
}