目录
自带
python -m http.server [port] 默认端口号8000
需在静态资源目录中运行
自搭
1.单任务且只访问单个页面
- 编写一个TCP服务端程序
- 获取浏览器发送的http请求报文数据
- 读取固定页面数据,把页面数据组装成HTTP响应报文数据发送给浏览器。
- HTTP响应报文数据发送完成以后,关闭服务于客户端的套接字。
import socket
if __name__=='__main__':
server_socket=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET,socket.SO_REUSEADDR,True)
server_socket.bind(('',8080))
server_socket.listen(128)
while True:
client_socket,client_port=server_socket.accept()
# 这里是接收浏览器发送过来的请求报文
client_data=client_socket.recv(4096).decode('utf8')
print(client_data) #会打印2次 和js express一致 因为多了一次ico请求
#GET /hfygjmvgjg HTTP/1.1 ...#GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1 ...
# 浏览器请求完毕后读取指定的静态资源,然后发送给浏览器相应报文
with open('static/index.html','r') as file:
file_data=file.read()
#响应行
response_line='HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n'
#响应头
response_head='Server: PWS1.0\r\n'
#响应空行 '\r\n'
#响应体 就是静态资源代码
response_body=file_data
response_data=(response_line+response_head+'\r\n'+response_body).encode('utf8')
client_socket.send(response_data)
client_socket.close()
注意读取资源文件时候尽量使用rb 图片视频等特殊文件需二进制去读取
-
编写一个TCP服务端程序
tcp_server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) # 循环接受客户端的连接请求 while True: conn_socket, ip_port = tcp_server_socket.accept()
-
获取浏览器发送的http请求报文数据
client_request_data = conn_socket.recv(4096)
-
读取固定页面数据,把页面数据组装成HTTP响应报文数据发送给浏览器。
response_data = (response_line + response_header + "\r\n").encode("utf-8") + response_body conn_socket.send(response_data)
-
HTTP响应报文数据发送完成以后,关闭服务于客户端的套接字。
conn_socket.close()
2 单任务访问任意资源
该url指定是从浏览器请求中获取,获取到后对该url静态资源读取,存在响应 不存在响应404
- 获取用户请求资源的路径
- 根据请求资源的路径,读取指定文件的数据
- 组装指定文件数据的响应报文,发送给浏览器
- 判断请求的文件在服务端不存在,组装404状态的响应报文,发送给浏览器
import socket
def main():
server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, True)
server_socket.bind(('', 9000))
server_socket.listen(128)
while True:
newsocket, newsocket_port = server_socket.accept()
requestData = newsocket.recv(4096)
if len(requestData) == 0:
print('浏览器关闭了')
newsocket.close()
return
# 空格形式分隔2次获取路径 ['GET', '/', 'HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: 127.0.0.1:9000\r\nConnection: keep...
request_path = requestData.decode('utf8').split(' ', 2)[1]
print(request_path) # /xxx /favicon.ico //images/001.jpg /js/jquery-3.4.1.min.js读取代码文件内的路径也就是每个资源也会发送报文
# 判断是否是根路径 是则指定index.html
if request_path == '/':
request_path = '/index.html'
# 指定的路径不报错也就是不存在404,存在则读取后显示页面
try:
# 该资源文件内存在图片必须二进制文件读取 不然出现404
with open('static' + request_path, 'rb') as file:
file_data = file.read()
except Exception as e:
response_line = 'HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found\r\n'
response_header = 'Server: PWS1.0\r\n'
with open('static/error.html', 'rb') as file:
file_data = file.read()
response_body = file_data
response_data = (response_line + response_header + '\r\n').encode('utf8') + response_body
newsocket.send(response_data)
else:
response_line = 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n'
response_header = 'Server: PWS1.0\r\n'
response_body = file_data
response_data = (response_line + response_header + '\r\n' ).encode('utf8')+response_body
newsocket.send(response_data)
finally:
newsocket.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
3多任务版
-
当客户端和服务端建立连接成功,创建子线程,使用子线程专门处理客户端的请求,防止主线程阻塞。
-
把创建的子线程设置成为守护主线程,防止主线程无法退出。
import socket
import threading
def handle_client_request(client_scoket):
recv_client_data=client_scoket.recv(4096)
if len(recv_client_data)==0:
print('浏览器关闭了')
return
request_path=recv_client_data.decode('utf8').split(' ',2)[1]
if request_path=='/':
request_path='/index.html'
try:
with open('static'+request_path,'rb') as file:
file_data=file.read()
except Exception as e:
with open('static' + request_path, 'rb') as file:
file_data = file.read()
# 响应行
response_line = "HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found\r\n"
# 响应头
response_header = "Server: PWS1.0\r\n"
#响应空行 \r\n
# 响应体
response_body = file_data
response_data=(response_line+response_header+'\r\n').encode('utf8')+response_body
client_scoket.send(response_data)
else:
# 响应行
response_line = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
# 响应头
response_header = "Server: PWS1.0\r\n"
# 响应体
response_body = file_data
# 拼接响应报文
response_data = (response_line + response_header + "\r\n").encode("utf-8") + response_body
# 发送数据
client_scoket.send(response_data)
finally:
client_scoket.close()
def main():
server_socket=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET,socket.SO_REUSEADDR,True)
server_socket.bind(('',9000))
server_socket.listen(128)
while True:
client_socket,client_port=server_socket.accept()
#连接连接后
sub_thread=threading.Thread(target=handle_client_request,args=(client_socket,),daemon=True)
sub_thread.start()
if __name__=='__main__':
main()
4面向对象版
- 把提供服务的Web服务器抽象成一个类(HTTPWebServer)
- 提供Web服务器的初始化方法,在初始化方法里面创建socket对象
- 提供一个开启Web服务器的方法,让Web服务器处理客户端请求操作。
import socket
import threading
class HttpWebServer:
def __init__(self):
# 对socket对象以及监听 端口等初始化
server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET,socket.SO_REUSEADDR,True)
server_socket.bind(('',9000))
server_socket.listen(128)
self.server_socket=server_socket
# 定义静态方法线程内程序
@staticmethod
def handle_client_request(new_socket):
# 代码执行到此,说明连接建立成功
recv_client_data = new_socket.recv(4096)
if len(recv_client_data) == 0:
print("关闭浏览器了")
new_socket.close()
return
# 对二进制数据进行解码
recv_client_content = recv_client_data.decode("utf-8")
print(recv_client_content)
# 根据指定字符串进行分割, 最大分割次数指定2
request_list = recv_client_content.split(" ", maxsplit=2)
# 获取请求资源路径
request_path = request_list[1]
print(request_path)
# 判断请求的是否是根目录,如果条件成立,指定首页数据返回
if request_path == "/":
request_path = "/index.html"
try:
# 动态打开指定文件
with open("static" + request_path, "rb") as file:
# 读取文件数据
file_data = file.read()
except Exception as e:
# 请求资源不存在,返回404数据
# 响应行
response_line = "HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found\r\n"
# 响应头
response_header = "Server: PWS1.0\r\n"
with open("static/error.html", "rb") as file:
file_data = file.read()
# 响应体
response_body = file_data
# 拼接响应报文
response_data = (response_line + response_header + "\r\n").encode("utf-8") + response_body
# 发送数据
new_socket.send(response_data)
else:
# 响应行
response_line = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
# 响应头
response_header = "Server: PWS1.0\r\n"
# 响应体
response_body = file_data
# 拼接响应报文
response_data = (response_line + response_header + "\r\n").encode("utf-8") + response_body
# 发送数据
new_socket.send(response_data)
finally:
# 关闭服务与客户端的套接字
new_socket.close()
def start(self):
while True:
new_socket,ip_port=self.server_socket.accept()
# 开启线程
subthread=threading.Thread(target=self.handle_client_request,kwargs={'new_socket':new_socket},daemon=True)
subthread.start()
def main():
http_server=HttpWebServer()
http_server.start()
if __name__=='__main__':
main()
5终端版
-
获取执行python程序的终端命令行参数
sys.argv 返回列表数据
-
判断参数的类型,设置端口号必须是整型是否是纯数字的字符串
if not sys.argv[1].isdigit(): print("启动命令如下: python3 xxx.py 9090") return port = int(sys.argv[1])
-
给Web服务器类的初始化方法添加一个端口号参数,用于绑定端口号
def __init__(self, port): self.tcp_server_socket.bind((“”, port))
import socket
import sys
import threading
class HttpWebServer:
def __init__(self,port):
# 对socket对象以及监听 端口等初始化
server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, True)
server_socket.bind(('', port))
server_socket.listen(128)
self.server_socket = server_socket
# 定义静态方法线程内程序
@staticmethod
def handle_client_request(new_socket):
# 代码执行到此,说明连接建立成功
recv_client_data = new_socket.recv(4096)
if len(recv_client_data) == 0:
print("关闭浏览器了")
new_socket.close()
return
# 对二进制数据进行解码
recv_client_content = recv_client_data.decode("utf-8")
print(recv_client_content)
# 根据指定字符串进行分割, 最大分割次数指定2
request_list = recv_client_content.split(" ", maxsplit=2)
# 获取请求资源路径
request_path = request_list[1]
print(request_path)
# 判断请求的是否是根目录,如果条件成立,指定首页数据返回
if request_path == "/":
request_path = "/index.html"
try:
# 动态打开指定文件
with open("static" + request_path, "rb") as file:
# 读取文件数据
file_data = file.read()
except Exception as e:
# 请求资源不存在,返回404数据
# 响应行
response_line = "HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found\r\n"
# 响应头
response_header = "Server: PWS1.0\r\n"
with open("static/error.html", "rb") as file:
file_data = file.read()
# 响应体
response_body = file_data
# 拼接响应报文
response_data = (response_line + response_header + "\r\n").encode("utf-8") + response_body
# 发送数据
new_socket.send(response_data)
else:
# 响应行
response_line = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
# 响应头
response_header = "Server: PWS1.0\r\n"
# 响应体
response_body = file_data
# 拼接响应报文
response_data = (response_line + response_header + "\r\n").encode("utf-8") + response_body
# 发送数据
new_socket.send(response_data)
finally:
# 关闭服务与客户端的套接字
new_socket.close()
def start(self):
while True:
new_socket, ip_port = self.server_socket.accept()
# 开启线程
subthread = threading.Thread(target=self.handle_client_request, kwargs={'new_socket': new_socket},
daemon=True)
subthread.start()
def main():
if len(sys.argv) != 2:
print('执行命令如下: python3 xxx.py 8000')
return
# 判断字符串是否都是数字组成
if not sys.argv[1].isdigit():
print("执行命令如下: python3 xxx.py 8000,且端口号必须是数字")
return
port=int(sys.argv[1])
http_server = HttpWebServer(port)
http_server.start()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
启动方式 终端中输入python xxx.py 8000