Java IO流

Java IO流

RandomAccessFile类：

常用方法：

• int readInt():读取一个整数并返回该整数

• byte readByte():读取一个字节并返回该字节

• int read(byte[]):将读取的内容存进byte数组中,返回读取的个数

• void writeInt(int i):写入一个整数，

• void writeBytes(String s):写入一个字符串

• void seek(long pos):设置读指针的位置，默认为0

• int skipBytes(int n):指针跳过指定的字节

具体使用如下：

//写入数据
public class RandomAccessFileDemo1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        File f = new File("d:"+File.separator+"ajava"+File.separator+"test.txt");
        RandomAccessFile rdf = new RandomAccessFile(f, "rw");
        String name = null;
        int age = 0;
        name = "zhangsan";
        age = 30;
        rdf.writeBytes(name);       //将一个字符串按字节方式写入文件
        rdf.writeInt(age);          //将一个int型数据写入文件

        name="lisi    ";
        age=31;
        rdf.writeBytes(name);
        rdf.writeInt(age);

        name="wangwu  ";
        age=32;
        rdf.writeBytes(name);
        rdf.writeInt(age);
        rdf.close();


    }
}

​

//读取数据
public class RandomacessFileDemo2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        File f= new File("d:"+File.separator+"ajava"+File.separator+"test.txt");
        RandomAccessFile rdf = new RandomAccessFile(f, "r");

        byte[] b=new byte[8];
        for (int i = 0; i < b.length; i++) {
            b[i]=rdf.readByte();
        }
        String name = null;
        int age = 0;
        name = new String(b);       //字节数组转字符串
        age = rdf.readInt();
        System.out.println("第一个人的信息--> 姓名："+name+";年龄："+age);

        for (int i = 0; i < b.length; i++) {
            b[i] = rdf.readByte();
        }
        name = new String(b);
        age = rdf.readInt();
        System.out.println("第二个人的信息--> 姓名："+name+";年龄："+age);

        for (int i = 0; i < b.length; i++) {
            b[i] = rdf.readByte();
        }
        name = new String(b);
        age = rdf.readInt();
        System.out.println("第三个人的信息--> 姓名："+name+";年龄："+age);

        rdf.close();
    }
}

​

字节流：

• 字节输入流（InputStream):read(byte[]]), read(int b)(读取一个字节，参数常常为byte类型)

  //字节输入流
  public class InputStream {
      public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
          File f = new File("d:"+File.separator+"ajava"+File.separator+"test1.txt");
          FileInputStream is = new FileInputStream(f);
  //        byte[] b= new byte[(int)f.length()];
  //        is.read(b);	//一次全部读取到byte数组中
  //        System.out.println(new String(b));
  
          byte[] b2 = new byte[(int)f.length()];
          for (int i = 0; i < b2.length; i++) {
              b2[i]=(byte)is.read();
  
          }
          System.out.println(new String(b2));
          is.close();
  
  
      }
  
  }
  

• 字节输出流（OutputStream)

  public class OutPutreamDemo {
      public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
          File f =new File("d:"+File.separator+"ajava"+File.separator+"test1.txt");
          FileOutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(f, true);//追加方式写入
  
          String str = "Hello World!!!123";
          byte[] b = str.getBytes();	//将字符串转换为字符数组
          os.write(b);	//write(byte[]);
  
          os.close();
  
      }
  }
  

字符流：

• 字符输入流（Reader)

  /字符流读取
  public class FileReaderDemo {
      public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
          File f = new File("d:"+File.separator+"ajava"+File.separator+"test2.txt");
  
          Reader reader = null;
          reader = new FileReader(f);
  
          int len = 0;
          char[] c = new char[1024];
  
          int temp = 0;
  
          while ((temp = reader.read())!=-1){
              c[len] = (char) temp;
              len++;
          }
          reader.close();
  
          System.out.println("读取到的内容为："+new String(c,0,len));
  
  
      }
  }
  

• 字符输出流（Writer)

  //字符流写入
  public class FileWriterDemo {
      public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
          File f = new File("d:"+File.separator+"ajava"+File.separator+"test2.txt");
  
          Writer out = null;
          out = new FileWriter(f,true);
  
          String str = "Hello World!!! 123  ";
          out.write(str);
  
          out.close();	//这一步不能遗漏，否则不会生效s
      }
  }
  

  字节流如字符流区别：

  字节流能操作任意数据类型，如二进制文件（图片，视频等），字符流只能操作纯文本文件，字节流是直接对文件进行操作的，不会用到缓冲区，而字符流是会用到缓冲区的，故字符流在操作完后一定要关闭该流才能使操作生效。