ORACLE之搭建DG（RMAN Duplicate方式）

1.准备工作

        首先得准备两个能够PING通，并且装了Oracle软件且已经建库的Linux虚拟机。操作系统不限，至少有一个虚拟机已经建好库，最好两个都建好相同SID的库，这样少很多创建目录的麻烦，这里库的SID都是orcl，Linux严格区分大小写，所以SID的大小写得注意。

        我这里有两个名为PD和ST的Linux虚拟机。

        PD:192.168.56.42（主库）

        ST:192.168.56.43（备库）

2.在主库做一些操作

    2.1强制force logging

SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.


Total System Global Area 1653518336 bytes
Fixed Size		    2253784 bytes
Variable Size		 1006636072 bytes
Database Buffers	  637534208 bytes
Redo Buffers		    7094272 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter database force logging;    --修改数据库为强制记日志，这是必须的操作，主库的每一步操作都得记录到日志中去。

Database altered.

    2.2开启主库的归档模式

SQL> alter database archivelog;       --修改数据库为归档模式，因为dg是通过传送归档日志到备库然后应用来保证主备库一致的。

Database altered.

    2.3创建standby redo log

SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 4 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo04.log') size 50M; 
Database altered.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 5 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo05.log') size 50M; 
Database altered.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 6 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo06.log') size 50M; 
Database altered.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 7 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo07.log') size 50M;

Database altered.

SQL> select group#,type,member from v$logfile;


    GROUP# TYPE    MEMBER
---------- ------- --------------------------------------------------
         3 ONLINE  /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log
         2 ONLINE  /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log
         1 ONLINE  /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log
         4 STANDBY  /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo04.log
         5 STANDBY  /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo05.log
         6 STANDBY  /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo06.log
         7 STANDBY  /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo07.log

    2.4创建pfile

SQL> create pfile from spfile;--这里创建pfile是为了做一些主库参数的配置，并且还得拷贝到备库再次修改成备库的配置。

File created.

SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

    2.5创建主库归档目录

[oracle@PD orcl]$ mkdir archivelog  --建立这个目录是为了存放主库的归档日志文件，并且这个目录会和其他数据文件等等一起拷贝到备库。
[oracle@PD orcl]$ cd archivelog/
[oracle@PD archivelog]$ ls
[oracle@PD archivelog]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/archivelog

    2.6在主备库同时创建静态监听listener和tnsname

建议用net manager建立

主库orcl_pd:192.168.56.42

[oracle@PD admin]$ cat listener.ora 
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
      (SID_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle

[oracle@PD admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora 
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

ORCL_ST =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.43)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )

ORCL =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )

ORCL_PD =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.42)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )

[oracle@PD orcl]$ lsnrctl

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 21-MAR-2016 00:59:09

Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Welcome to LSNRCTL, type "help" for information.

LSNRCTL> status
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
TNS-12541: TNS:no listener
 TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
  TNS-00511: No listener
   Linux Error: 111: Connection refused
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
TNS-12541: TNS:no listener
 TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
  TNS-00511: No listener
   Linux Error: 111: Connection refused
LSNRCTL> start
Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/PD/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=PD)(PORT=1521)))


Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                    TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date                  21-MAR-2016 00:59:16
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level                  off
Security                   ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/PD/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=PD)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
LSNRCTL> exit

备库orcl_pd:192.168.56.43

[oracle@ST admin]$ cat listener.ora 
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
      (SID_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL