Android Messenger 跨进程通信

转自http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2012-02/53449.htm

Messenger:信使

官方文档解释：它引用了一个Handler对象，以便others能够向它发送消息(使用mMessenger.send(Message msg)方法)。该类允许跨进程间基于Message的通信(即两个进程间可以通过Message进行通信)，在服务端使用Handler创建一个Messenger，客户端持有这个Messenger就可以与服务端通信了。

以前我们使用Handler+Message的方式进行通信，都是在同一个进程中，从线程持有一个主线程的Handler对象，并向主线程发送消息。

而Android既然可以使用bindler机制进行跨进行通信，所以我们当然可以将Handler与bindler结合起来进行跨进程发送消息。

查看API就可以发现，Messenger就是这种方式的实现。

一般使用方法如下：

１。远程通过

mMessenger = new Messenger(mHandler)  

 创建一个信使对象

２。客户端使用bindlerService请求连接远程

３。远程onBind方法返回一个bindler

return mMessenger.getBinder();  

 4.客户端使用远程返回的bindler得到一个信使（即得到远程信使）

public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {    

              rMessenger = new Messenger(service);  　　　　

             ......

 }  

 这里虽然是new了一个Messenger，但我们查看它的实现

 public Messenger(IBinder target) {      mTarget = IMessenger.Stub.asInterface(target);  }  

 发现它的mTarget是通过Aidl得到的，实际上就是远程创建的那个。

５。客户端可以使用这个远程信使对象向远程发送消息：rMessenger.send(msg);

这样远程服务端的Handler对象就能收到消息了，然后可以在其handlerMessage(Message msg)方法中进行处理。（该Handler对象就是第一步服务端创建Messenger时使用的参数mHandler）.

经过这５个步骤貌似只有客户端向服务端发送消息，这样的消息传递是单向的，那么如何实现双向传递呢？

首先需要在第５步稍加修改，在send(msg)前通过msm.replyTo = mMessenger将自己的信使设置到消息中，这样服务端接收到消息时同时也得到了客户端的信使对象了，然后服务端可以通过/得到客户端的信使对象，并向它发送消息  cMessenger = msg.replyTo;  cMessenger.send(message);  

 即完成了从服务端向客户端发送消息的功能，这样客服端可以在自己的Handler对象的handlerMessage方法中接收服务端发送来的message进行处理。

双向通信宣告完成。

以下代码来自ApiDemo

    public class MessengerService extends Service {  
        /** For showing and hiding our notification. */  
        NotificationManager mNM;  
        /** Keeps track of all current registered clients. */  
        ArrayList<Messenger> mClients = new ArrayList<Messenger>();  
        /** Holds last value set by a client. */  
        int mValue = 0;  
          
        /** 
         * Command to the service to register a client, receiving callbacks 
         * from the service.  The Message's replyTo field must be a Messenger of 
         * the client where callbacks should be sent. 
         */  
        static final int MSG_REGISTER_CLIENT = 1;  
          
        /** 
         * Command to the service to unregister a client, ot stop receiving callbacks 
         * from the service.  The Message's replyTo field must be a Messenger of 
         * the client as previously given with MSG_REGISTER_CLIENT. 
         */  
        static final int MSG_UNREGISTER_CLIENT = 2;  
          
        /** 
         * Command to service to set a new value.  This can be sent to the 
         * service to supply a new value, and will be sent by the service to 
         * any registered clients with the new value. 
         */  
        static final int MSG_SET_VALUE = 3;  
          
        /** 
         * Handler of incoming messages from clients. 
         */  
        class IncomingHandler extends Handler {  
            @Override  
            public void handleMessage(Message msg) {  
                switch (msg.what) {  
                    case MSG_REGISTER_CLIENT:  
                        mClients.add(msg.replyTo);  
                        break;  
                    case MSG_UNREGISTER_CLIENT:  
                        mClients.remove(msg.replyTo);  
                        break;  
                    case MSG_SET_VALUE:  
                        mValue = msg.arg1;  
                        for (int i = mClients.size() - 1; i >= 0; i --) {  
                            try {  
                                mClients.get(i).send(Message.obtain(null,  
                                        MSG_SET_VALUE, mValue, 0));  
                            } catch (RemoteException e) {  
                                // The client is dead.  Remove it from the list;   
                                // we are going through the list from back to front   
                                // so this is safe to do inside the loop.   
                                mClients.remove(i);  
                            }  
                        }  
                        break;  
                    default:  
                        super.handleMessage(msg);  
                }  
            }  
        }  
          
        /** 
         * Target we publish for clients to send messages to IncomingHandler. 
         */  
        final Messenger mMessenger = new Messenger(new IncomingHandler());  
          
        @Override  
        public void onCreate() {  
            mNM = (NotificationManager)getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);  
      
            // Display a notification about us starting.   
            showNotification();  
        }  
      
        @Override  
        public void onDestroy() {  
            // Cancel the persistent notification.   
            mNM.cancel(R.string.remote_service_started);  
      
            // Tell the user we stopped.   
            Toast.makeText(this, R.string.remote_service_stopped, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();  
        }  
          
        /** 
         * When binding to the service, we return an interface to our messenger 
         * for sending messages to the service. 
         */  
        @Override  
        public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {  
            return mMessenger.getBinder();  
        }  
      
        /** 
         * Show a notification while this service is running. 
         */  
        private void showNotification() {  
            // In this sample, we'll use the same text for the ticker and the expanded notification   
            CharSequence text = getText(R.string.remote_service_started);  
      
            // Set the icon, scrolling text and timestamp   
            Notification notification = new Notification(R.drawable.stat_sample, text,  
                    System.currentTimeMillis());  
      
            // The PendingIntent to launch our activity if the user selects this notification   
            PendingIntent contentIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0,  
                    new Intent(this, Controller.class), 0);  
      
            // Set the info for the views that show in the notification panel.   
            notification.setLatestEventInfo(this, getText(R.string.remote_service_label),  
                           text, contentIntent);  
      
            // Send the notification.   
            // We use a string id because it is a unique number.  We use it later to cancel.   
            mNM.notify(R.string.remote_service_started, notification);  
        }  
    }  

    public class MessengerServiceActivities {  
        /** 
         * Example of binding and unbinding to the remote service. 
         * This demonstrates the implementation of a service which the client will 
         * bind to, interacting with it through an aidl interface.</p> 
         *  
         * <p>Note that this is implemented as an inner class only keep the sample 
         * all together; typically this code would appear in some separate class. 
         */  
        public static class Binding extends Activity {  
      
            /** Messenger for communicating with service. */  
            Messenger mService = null;  
            /** Flag indicating whether we have called bind on the service. */  
            boolean mIsBound;  
            /** Some text view we are using to show state information. */  
            TextView mCallbackText;  
              
            /** 
             * Handler of incoming messages from service. 
             */  
            class IncomingHandler extends Handler {  
                @Override  
                public void handleMessage(Message msg) {  
                    switch (msg.what) {  
                        case MessengerService.MSG_SET_VALUE:  
                            mCallbackText.setText("Received from service: " + msg.arg1);  
                            break;  
                        default:  
                            super.handleMessage(msg);  
                    }  
                }  
            }  
              
            /** 
             * Target we publish for clients to send messages to IncomingHandler. 
             */  
            final Messenger mMessenger = new Messenger(new IncomingHandler());  
              
            /** 
             * Class for interacting with the main interface of the service. 
             */  
            private ServiceConnection mConnection = new ServiceConnection() {  
                public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className,  
                        IBinder service) {  
                    // This is called when the connection with the service has been   
                    // established, giving us the service object we can use to   
                    // interact with the service.  We are communicating with our   
                    // service through an IDL interface, so get a client-side   
                    // representation of that from the raw service object.   
                    mService = new Messenger(service);  
                    mCallbackText.setText("Attached.");  
      
                    // We want to monitor the service for as long as we are   
                    // connected to it.   
                    try {  
                        Message msg = Message.obtain(null,  
                                MessengerService.MSG_REGISTER_CLIENT);  
                        msg.replyTo = mMessenger;  
                        mService.send(msg);  
                          
                        // Give it some value as an example.   
      
                        msg = Message.obtain(null,  
                                MessengerService.MSG_SET_VALUE, this.hashCode(), 0);  
      
                        mService.send(msg);  
                    } catch (RemoteException e) {  
                        // In this case the service has crashed before we could even   
                        // do anything with it; we can count on soon being   
                        // disconnected (and then reconnected if it can be restarted)   
                        // so there is no need to do anything here.   
                    }  
                      
                    // As part of the sample, tell the user what happened.   
                    Toast.makeText(Binding.this, R.string.remote_service_connected,  
                            Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();  
                }  
      
                public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName className) {  
                    // This is called when the connection with the service has been   
                    // unexpectedly disconnected -- that is, its process crashed.   
                    mService = null;  
                    mCallbackText.setText("Disconnected.");  
      
                    // As part of the sample, tell the user what happened.   
                    Toast.makeText(Binding.this, R.string.remote_service_disconnected,  
                            Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();  
                }  
            };  
              
            void doBindService() {  
                // Establish a connection with the service.  We use an explicit   
                // class name because there is no reason to be able to let other   
                // applications replace our component.   
                bindService(new Intent(Binding.this,   
                        MessengerService.class), mConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);  
                mIsBound = true;  
                mCallbackText.setText("Binding.");  
            }  
              
            void doUnbindService() {  
                if (mIsBound) {  
                    // If we have received the service, and hence registered with   
                    // it, then now is the time to unregister.   
                    if (mService != null) {  
                        try {  
                            Message msg = Message.obtain(null,  
                                    MessengerService.MSG_UNREGISTER_CLIENT);  
                            msg.replyTo = mMessenger;  
                            mService.send(msg);  
                        } catch (RemoteException e) {  
                            // There is nothing special we need to do if the service   
                            // has crashed.   
                        }  
                    }  
                      
                    // Detach our existing connection.   
                    unbindService(mConnection);  
                    mIsBound = false;  
                    mCallbackText.setText("Unbinding.");  
                }  
            }  
      
              
            /** 
             * Standard initialization of this activity.  Set up the UI, then wait 
             * for the user to poke it before doing anything. 
             */  
            @Override  
            protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
                super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
      
                setContentView(R.layout.messenger_service_binding);  
      
                // Watch for button clicks.   
                Button button = (Button)findViewById(R.id.bind);  
                button.setOnClickListener(mBindListener);  
                button = (Button)findViewById(R.id.unbind);  
                button.setOnClickListener(mUnbindListener);  
                  
                mCallbackText = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.callback);  
                mCallbackText.setText("Not attached.");  
            }  
      
            private OnClickListener mBindListener = new OnClickListener() {  
                public void onClick(View v) {  
                    doBindService();  
                }  
            };  
      
            private OnClickListener mUnbindListener = new OnClickListener() {  
                public void onClick(View v) {  
                    doUnbindService();  
                }  
            };  
        }  
    }