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最新推荐文章于 2024-09-11 07:15:00 发布

丶koko

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-11 07:15:00 发布

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文章标签： IO

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/csdn_kafei/article/details/51965199

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本文详细介绍了Java中字符流和字节流的基本概念与应用场景，并通过具体示例演示了如何使用FileWriter/FileReader及FileInputStream/FileOutputStream进行文件的读写与复制。此外还探讨了缓冲流的使用方法及其对性能的影响。

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流！

分为两类：字符流，和字节流

一、字符流：Wirter,Reader==>FileWriter，FileReader==>BufferedReader，BufferedWriter

1，字符的写入

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		String path = "D:\\IO\\io.txt";
		FileWriter fileWriter=null;
		try {
			fileWriter = new FileWriter(new File(path)); 
			//fileWriter = new FileWriter("D:\\IO\\io.txt");  可以直接填写路径，也可以new出新的file
			fileWriter.write("zheshigeceshi这是个测试IO,呵呵哒");
			/*fileWriter.flush();  //如果不加这个立即写入的话，只能关闭流之后才能写入。*/
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally {
			if(fileWriter !=null){
				try {
					fileWriter.close();  //关闭流
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
		}
		
	}

2，字符的读取

	public static void main(String[] args) {

		String path = "D:\\IO\\io.txt";
		FileReader fileReader = null;
		try {
			fileReader = new FileReader(new File(path));
			int temp = 0;
			char[] chars = new char[1024];   //是char[]  字符串    
			while ((temp =fileReader.read(chars)) != -1) {
				String string = new String(chars, 0, temp);
				System.out.println(string);
			}
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally {
			if(fileReader !=null){
				try {
					fileReader.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
		}
	}

3，文件的复制（使用fileReader，fileWriter）

public static void main(String[] args) {

		String path = "D:\\IO\\io.txt";
		String copyPath = "D:\\IO\\ioCopy.txt";
		FileReader fileReader=null;
		FileWriter fileWriter=null;
		try {
			fileReader = new FileReader(new File(path));  //new 对象
			fileWriter = new FileWriter(new File(copyPath));
			int temp = 0;
			char[] bs = new char[1024];
			String string = null;
			while ((temp = fileReader.read(bs)) != -1) {  //读数据
				string = new String(bs, 0, temp);
				fileWriter.write(string);   //写数据，如果不关闭流，则不写入
			}
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally {   //关闭流
			if(fileReader !=null) {
				try {
					fileReader.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
			if(fileWriter !=null){
				try {
					fileWriter.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
		}
	}

4，文件的复制（使用BufferedReader，BufferedWrite 利用缓冲区，快速的读写能力）

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		BufferedReader bReader =null;
		BufferedWriter bWriter = null;
		try {
			bReader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(new File("D:\\IO\\io.txt")));
			bWriter = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(new File("D:\\IO\\ioCopy.txt")));
			String line= null;
			while ((line = bReader.readLine()) !=null) {
				bWriter.write(line);
				System.out.println(line);  //输出每行的内容
				bWriter.newLine();  //接着读取下一行
			}
		} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally {
			if (bReader != null) {  //关闭缓冲区，就能关闭流对象了
				try {
					bReader.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
			if (bWriter !=null) {
				try {
					bWriter.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
		}
	}

二、字节流：InputStream，OutputStream==>FileInputStream,FileOutputStream==>BufferedInputStream,BufferedOutputStream

1，字节流的读取

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		String pathname ="D:\\IO\\io.txt";
		FileInputStream fileInputStream =null;
		try {
			fileInputStream= new FileInputStream(new File(pathname));
			int temp = 0;
			byte[] b = new byte[1024];  // 是byte[]  字节
			while((temp = fileInputStream.read(b))!=-1){
				System.out.println(new String(b, 0, temp));
			}
		} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally {
			if(fileInputStream !=null){
				try {
					fileInputStream.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
		}
	}

2，字节流实现文件复制（FileInputStream,FileOutputStream）

public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		String pathname ="D:\\IO\\io.txt";
		String pathCopyName ="D:\\IO\\ioCopy.txt";
		FileInputStream fileInputStream =null;
		FileOutputStream fileOutputStream =null;
		try {
			fileInputStream= new FileInputStream(new File(pathname));
			fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(new File(pathCopyName));
			int temp =0;
			byte[] b = new byte[1024];
			while((temp = fileInputStream.read(b))!=-1){
				System.out.println(new String(b, 0, temp));
				fileOutputStream.write(b, 0, temp);
			}
		} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally {
			if(fileInputStream !=null){
				try {
					fileInputStream.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
		}
	}

2，字节流实现文件复制（BufferedInputStream,BufferedOutputStream）

<strong>	</strong>public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		String pathname ="D:\\IO\\io.txt";
		String pathCopyName ="D:\\IO\\ioCopy.txt";
		BufferedInputStream bufferedInputStream =null;
		BufferedOutputStream bufferedOutputStream=null;
		try {
			bufferedInputStream = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(new File(pathname)));
			bufferedOutputStream = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(new File(pathCopyName)));
			int temp =0;
			byte[] b = new byte[1024];
			while((temp=bufferedInputStream.read(b))!=-1){
				System.out.println(new String(b, 0, temp));
				bufferedOutputStream.write(b, 0, temp);
			}
			System.out.println("复制完成！");
		} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally {
			if (bufferedInputStream != null) {
				try {
					bufferedInputStream.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
			if (bufferedOutputStream !=null) {
				try {
					bufferedOutputStream.close();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
		}
	}

三、问题来了

1，什么时候用字符流，什么时候用字节流？

所谓字符流，肯定是用于操作类似文本文件，或者带有字符文件的比较多。

所谓字节流，是操作那些无法直接获取文本信息的二进制文件，比如图片，mp3，视频文件等说白了在硬盘上都是以字节存储的，只不过字符流在操作文本上面更方便一点而已

2，为什么使用缓冲区？

硬盘本身是有缓冲区的，试想一下，如果一有数据，不论大小就开始读写，势必会给硬盘造成很大负担，它会感觉很不爽，人不也一样，一顿饭不让你一次吃完，每分钟喂一勺，你怎么想？因此，采用缓冲区能够在读写大文件的时候有效提高效率