Action类的三种编写方式（七）

1. Action类就是一个POJO类
什么是POJO类，POJO（Plain Ordinary Java Object）简单的Java对象.简单记：没有继承某个类，没有实现接口，就是POJO的类。
		
2. Action类可以实现Action接口
	* Action接口中定义了5个常量，5个常量的值对应的是5个逻辑视图跳转页面（跳转的页面还是需要自己来配置），还定义了一个方法，execute方法。
	* 大家需要掌握5个逻辑视图的常量
		* SUCCESS		-- 成功.
		* INPUT			-- 用于数据表单校验.如果校验失败,跳转INPUT视图.
		* LOGIN			-- 登录.
		* ERROR			-- 错误.
		* NONE			-- 页面不转向.
		
3. Action类可以去继承ActionSupport类（开发中这种方式使用最多）
		* 设置错误信息

supportAction里面提供了一些属性的方法供我们使用。

举例：

1.POJO

package com.ken.action;

public class Demo1Action {
	
	/**
	 * execute是默认方法
	 * return null; 不会进行跳转
	 * @return
	 */

	public String execute(){
		System.out.println("Demo1Action就是POJO类...");
		return null;
	}
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
		<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
			"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
			"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>
	<package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
		<!-- 配置Action -->
		<action name="hello" class="com.ken.action.HelloAction" method="sayHello">
			<!-- 配置跳转的页面，路径的写法：在struts2框架中，不管是转发还是重定向都不用写项目名 -->
			<!-- name中的ok叫做逻辑视图名称 -->
			<result name="ok">/demo1/success.jsp</result>
		</action>

		<!-- POJO -->
		<action name="demo1Action" class="com.ken.action.Demo1Action">
		</action>
	</package>
</struts>

执行结果:

2.实现Action接口

/*
 * Copyright 2002-2007,2009 The Apache Software Foundation.
 * 
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 * 
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 * 
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package com.opensymphony.xwork2;

/**
 * All actions <b>may</b> implement this interface, which exposes the <code>execute()</code> method.
 * <p/>
 * However, as of XWork 1.1, this is <b>not</b> required and is only here to assist users. You are free to create POJOs
 * that honor the same contract defined by this interface without actually implementing the interface.
 */
public interface Action {

    /**
     * The action execution was successful. Show result
     * view to the end user.
     */
    public static final String SUCCESS = "success";

    /**
     * The action execution was successful but do not
     * show a view. This is useful for actions that are
     * handling the view in another fashion like redirect.
     */
    public static final String NONE = "none";

    /**
     * The action execution was a failure.
     * Show an error view, possibly asking the
     * user to retry entering data.
     */
    public static final String ERROR = "error";

    /**
     * The action execution require more input
     * in order to succeed.
     * This result is typically used if a form
     * handling action has been executed so as
     * to provide defaults for a form. The
     * form associated with the handler should be
     * shown to the end user.
     * <p/>
     * This result is also used if the given input
     * params are invalid, meaning the user
     * should try providing input again.
     */
    public static final String INPUT = "input";

    /**
     * The action could not execute, since the
     * user most was not logged in. The login view
     * should be shown.
     */
    public static final String LOGIN = "login";


    /**
     * Where the logic of the action is executed.
     *
     * @return a string representing the logical result of the execution.
     *         See constants in this interface for a list of standard result values.
     * @throws Exception thrown if a system level exception occurs.
     *                   <b>Note:</b> Application level exceptions should be handled by returning
     *                   an error value, such as <code>Action.ERROR</code>.
     */
    public String execute() throws Exception;

}

这是Action的源码，其实，和自己定义一个接口没什么区别。

package com.ken.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;

/**
 * 实现Action接口，Action是框架提供的接口
 */
public class Demo2Action implements Action {

	@Override
	public String execute() throws Exception {
		System.out.println("实现了Action接口");
		return SUCCESS;
	}
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
		<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
			"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
			"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>
	<package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
		<!-- 配置Action -->
		<action name="hello" class="com.ken.action.HelloAction" method="sayHello">
			<!-- 配置跳转的页面，路径的写法：在struts2框架中，不管是转发还是重定向都不用写项目名 -->
			<!-- name中的ok叫做逻辑视图名称 -->
			<result name="ok">/demo1/success.jsp</result>
		</action>

		<!-- POJO -->
		<action name="demo1Action" class="com.ken.action.Demo1Action">
		</action>

		<!-- 实现Action接口 -->
		<action name="demo2Action" class="com.ken.action.Demo2Action">
			<result name="success">/demo1/success.jsp</result>
		</action>
	</package>
</struts>

运行效果：

三、Action类继承ActionSupport

package com.ken.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

/**
 * 编写Action类继承ActionSupport，ActionSupport已经实现了Action和一些其他的类
 *
 */
public class Demo3Action extends ActionSupport {

	private static final long serialVersionUID = -1796731178213647676L;

	@Override
	public String execute() throws Exception {

		System.out.println("Demo3Action继承了ActionSupport类");
		return NONE;
	}
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
		<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
			"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
			"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>
	<package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
		<!-- 配置Action -->
		<action name="hello" class="com.ken.action.HelloAction" method="sayHello">
			<!-- 配置跳转的页面，路径的写法：在struts2框架中，不管是转发还是重定向都不用写项目名 -->
			<!-- name中的ok叫做逻辑视图名称 -->
			<result name="ok">/demo1/success.jsp</result>
		</action>

		<!-- POJO -->
		<action name="demo1Action" class="com.ken.action.Demo1Action">
		</action>

		<!-- 实现Action接口 -->
		<action name="demo2Action" class="com.ken.action.Demo2Action">
			<result name="success">/demo1/success.jsp</result>
		</action>

		<!-- Action类继承ActionSupport -->
		<action name="demo3Action" class="com.ken.action.Demo3Action">
		</action>
	</package>
</struts>

运行效果：

源码下载