我们在创建Servlet时会覆盖service()方法,或doGet()/doPost(),这些方法都有两个参数,一个为代表请求的request和代表响应response。
service方法中的request的类型是ServletRequest,而doGet/doPost方法的request的类型是HttpServletRequest,HttpServletRequest是ServletRequest的子接口,功能和方法更加强大,我们介绍HttpServletRequest。doGet()和doPost()方法由tomcat容器来调用,那么它们所需要的参数:request和response也是由tomcat容器来创建。
http请求包括三部分:请求行、请求头、请求体(请求参数)
请求行可以获取的请求参数有:请求类型,请求地址。
一、通过request获得请求行
1.1 获得客户端的请求方式
String getMethod();
1.2 获得请求的资源
String getRequestURI()
StringBuffer getRequestURL()
String getContextPath() ---web应用的名称
String getQueryString() ---- get提交url地址后的参数字符串
username=zhangsan&password=123
注意:request获得客户机(客户端)的一些信息
request.getRemoteAddr() --- 获得访问的客户端IP地址
实例:
静态页面:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/requestDemo/line" method="post">
<input type="text" name="username"><br> <input
type="password" name="password"><br> <input
type="submit" name="提交"><br>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Servlet:
package com.ken.line;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class LineServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
//1.获得请求方式
String method = request.getMethod();
System.out.println("method:"+method);
//2.获得请求的资源
String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();
StringBuffer requestURL = request.getRequestURL();
System.out.println("uri:"+requestURI);
System.out.println("url:"+requestURL);
//获得web应用的名称
String contextPath = request.getContextPath();
System.out.println("web应用:"+contextPath);
//地址后的参数的字符串----get方式
String queryString = request.getQueryString();
System.out.println("queryString:"+queryString);
}
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
运行效果:
由于我们用了post方式进行请求,那么request.getQueryString()什么都拿不到。
我们修改请求方式为get:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/requestDemo/line" method="get">
<input type="text" name="username"><br> <input
type="password" name="password"><br> <input
type="submit" name="提交"><br>
</form>
</body>
</html>
运行效果:
获取访问者的ip:
package com.ken.line;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class LineServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
// 1.获得请求方式
String method = request.getMethod();
System.out.println("method:" + method);
// 2.获得请求的资源
String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();
StringBuffer requestURL = request.getRequestURL();
System.out.println("uri:" + requestURI);
System.out.println("url:" + requestURL);
// 获得web应用的名称
String contextPath = request.getContextPath();
System.out.println("web应用:" + contextPath);
// 地址后的参数的字符串----get方式
String queryString = request.getQueryString();
System.out.println("queryString:" + queryString);
// 3.获得客户机的信息---获得访问者的IP
String remoteAddr = request.getRemoteAddr();
System.out.println("remoteAddr:" + remoteAddr);
}
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
运行效果:
我们访问一个网站的时候,在浏览器地址栏输入网址后,请求会先去DNS服务器,拿到目标网站的ip,然后,再去访问目标网站。如下图:
一个网站的DNS服务器有很多。比如,北京地区有一个DNS服务器,海南地区有一个DNS服务器。如果北京的DNS服务器挂了,那么北京地区的用户直接输入网址是访问不到这个网站的。但是有一个方法。找一个在海南的人去ping这个网址:
这里出现了一个ip:119.75.216.20
直接在浏览器的地址栏输入这个ip:
这样,就绕过了dns,直接去访问网站本身的服务器了。
二、通过request获得请求头
long getDateHeader(String name)
String getHeader(String name)
Enumeration getHeaderNames()
Enumeration getHeaders(String name)
int getIntHeader(String name)
referer头的作用:执行该次访问的的来源
做防盗链
获取header和headerNames
package com.ken.header;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class HeaderServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
// 1.获得指定的头
String userAgent = request.getHeader("User-Agent");
System.out.println("User-Agent:" + userAgent);
// 2.获得所有头的名字
Enumeration<String> headerNames = request.getHeaderNames();
while (headerNames.hasMoreElements()) {
String headerName = headerNames.nextElement();
String headerValue = request.getHeader(headerName);
System.out.println(headerName + ":" + headerValue);
}
}
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
运行效果:
referer头:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="/requestDemo/header">访问headerServlet资源</a>
<form action="/requestDemo/line" method="get">
<input type="text" name="username"><br> <input
type="password" name="password"><br> <input
type="submit" name="提交"><br>
</form>
</body>
</html>
点击超链接
有一个referer的头。
三、通过request获得请求体
请求体中的内容是通过post提交的请求参数,格式是:
username=zhangsan&password=123&hobby=football&hobby=basketball
key ---------------------- value
username [zhangsan]
password [123]
hobby [football,basketball]
以上面参数为例,通过以下方法获得请求参数:
String getParameter(String name)
String[] getParameterValues(String name)
Enumeration getParameterNames()
Map<String,String[]> getParameterMap()
注意:get请求方式的请求参数上述的方法一样可以获得
解决post提交方式的乱码:request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
解决get提交的方式的乱码:
parameter = new String(parameter.getbytes("iso8859-1"),"utf-8");
实例:
package com.ken.content;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class ContentServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
// 1.获得单个表单值
String username = request.getParameter("username");
System.out.println("username:" + username);
String password = request.getParameter("password");
System.out.println("password:" + password);
// 2.获得多个表单的值
String[] hobbys = request.getParameterValues("hobby");
for (String hobby : hobbys) {
System.out.println("hobby:" + hobby);
}
// 3.获得所有请求参数的名称
Enumeration<String> parameterNames = request.getParameterNames();
while (parameterNames.hasMoreElements()) {
System.out.println(parameterNames.nextElement());
}
// 4.获得所有的参数封装到一个Map<String,String[]>
Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = request.getParameterMap();
for (Map.Entry<String, String[]> entry : parameterMap.entrySet()) {
System.out.println(entry.getKey());
for (String str : entry.getValue()) {
System.out.println(str);
}
System.out.println("----------------------");
}
}
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}