抽象类
关键字:abstract,
有抽象方法的类一定是抽象类,但是抽象类不一定有抽象方法。当抽象类里所有方法都是抽象方法,则称为接口(接口中定义的属性必须也一定是public static final 类型,即都是常量,不能修改)
由来:
不确定某个方法的具体实现细节,
将方法设置为abstract类型,则类也要设成abstract类型
抽象类特征:
1.不能被实例化
2.有抽象方法的类一定是抽象类
3.抽象类可以没有抽象方法
目的:
1.设计出父类,供子类继承,实现代码重用,同时给子类提供了模板
2. 设计类需要实现的功能(某些功能不具体),由派生类来具体实现
3. 为了保护类的数据和方法,将类设为abstract类型,
只有派生类才能创建对象
注意:
abstract只能修饰类和方法
不能和static联用
不能和private联用
案例
抽象类教师(Teacher)
子类1:MusicTeacher 继承Teacher, 实现teachProcedure()方法
子类2:softwareTeacher 继承Teacher,实现实现teachProcedure()方法
测试类1:TestMusicTeacher
测试类2:TestsoftwareTeacher
代码:
Teacher类
public abstract class Teacher {
//属性
private int id;
private String name;
private String sex;
private int age;
private String education;
private String teacherTitile;
//方法
public void startWork(int time){
System.out.println(this.name + time + "上班");
}
public void offWork(int time){
System.out.println(this.name + time + "下班");
}
public void teach(String course){
System.out.println(this.name + "教" + course);
}
//构造方法
public Teacher(int id, String name, String sex, int age, String education,
String teacherTitile) {
super();
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.sex = sex;
this.age = age;
this.education = education;
this.teacherTitile = teacherTitile;
}
//get,set
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getEducation() {
return education;
}
public void setEducation(String education) {
this.education = education;
}
public String getTeacherTitile() {
return teacherTitile;
}
public void setTeacherTitile(String teacherTitile) {
this.teacherTitile = teacherTitile;
}
abstract public void teachProcedure();
@Override
//ToString方法
public String toString() {
return "Teacher [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", sex=" + sex
+ ", age=" + age + ", education=" + education
+ ", teacherTitile=" + teacherTitile + "]";
}
}
MusicTeacher 类
public class MusicTeacher extends Teacher {
public MusicTeacher(int id, String name, String sex, int age,
String education, String teacherTitile) {
super(id, name, sex, age, education, teacherTitile);
}
@Override
public void teachProcedure() {
System.out.println("先唱歌,后弹琴");
}
}
SoftwareTeacher类
public class SoftwareTeacher extends Teacher {
public SoftwareTeacher(int id, String name, String sex, int age,
String education, String teacherTitile) {
super(id, name, sex, age, education, teacherTitile);
}
@Override
public void teachProcedure() {
System.out.println("先java基础,后web");
}
}
TestMusicTeacher类
public class TestMusicTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Teacher musicTeacher = new MusicTeacher(1, "张三", "男", 0, "音乐", "教授");
musicTeacher.startWork(9);
musicTeacher.offWork(17);
System.out.println(musicTeacher);
musicTeacher.teachProcedure();
}
}
TestSoftwareTeacher 类
public class TestSoftwareTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Teacher softTeacher = new SoftwareTeacher(2, "李四", "女", 25, "软件老师", "教授");
System.out.println(softTeacher);
softTeacher.startWork(9);
softTeacher.offWork(17);
softTeacher.teachProcedure();
}
}