网络编程 (传输层 -- TCP协议)

TCP通信：有连接的数据流传输协议。
特点：可靠稳定，但速度慢，效率低，资源消耗大。(点到点)
应用场合：浏览器，文件传输。

本文借鉴点击查看 网络编程 (传输层 -- TCP协议)
TCP的三次握手和四次挥手：
三次握手：１．client端向server端发送请求；
２．server端收到请求，回复client端并分配资源；
３．client端收到回复并分配资源。
四次挥手：１．client端向server端发送中断请求；
２．server端收到请求，如果还有数据没有传输完成，则回复client端ACK报文，client端进入等待状态；
３．server端数据传输完成，向client端发送FIN报文；
４．client端收到报文，向server端发送结束报文，server端关闭，client端等待２MSL后，未收到回复，关闭断开连接

//client客户端

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>

//client客户端
int main (int argc, char **argv)
{
printf("输入puit 结束通信\n");
	if(argc != 3)
	{
		printf("需要：%s, ip地址\n ", argv[0]);
		exit(1);
	}
	int sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
	struct sockaddr_in local;
	local.sin_family = AF_INET;
	inet_pton(AF_INET, argv[1], &local.sin_addr);
//	local.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]);

	local.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2]));

	int ret = connect(sock, (struct sockaddr*)&local, sizeof(local));
	if(ret < 0)
	{
		printf("connect error\n");
		exit(1);
	}
	printf("connect success\n");
	while(1)
	{
		char buf[1024] = {0};
		printf("client#");
		fflush(stdout);
		ssize_t s = read(0, buf, sizeof(buf));
		if(s > 0)
		{
			buf[s-1] = 0;
			write(sock, buf, sizeof(buf));
			if(strcmp(buf, "quit")== 0)
			{
				printf("client quit\n");
				break;
			}
			read(sock, buf, sizeof(buf));
			printf("server# %s\n", buf);
		}
	}
	close(sock);
	return 0;
}

服务端

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>


int startup(char* ip, int port)
{
	int sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
	if(sock < 0)
	{
		printf("创建套接字错误create socket error\n");
		exit(1);
	}
	struct sockaddr_in server_socket;
	server_socket.sin_family = AF_INET;
	server_socket.sin_port = htons(port);
	server_socket.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(ip);

	if(bind(sock, (struct sockaddr*)&server_socket, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)) < 0)
	{
		printf("bind error\n");
		exit(2);
	}
	if(listen(sock, 5) < 0)
	{
		printf("listen error\n");
		close(sock);
		exit(3);
	}
	printf("bind and listen success\n");
	return sock;
}


void service(int sock, char *ip, int port)
{
	while(1)
	{
		char buf[1024] = {0};
		ssize_t s = read(sock, buf, sizeof(buf));
		if(s < 0)
		{
			perror("error read");
			exit(1);
		}else if(s > 0)
		{
			buf[s-1] = 0;
			if(strcmp(buf, "puit")==0)
			{
				printf("client puit...\n");
				break;
			}
			printf("client[%s ip][%d port]:%s\n", ip, (port), buf);
			write(sock, buf, sizeof(buf));
		}else
		{
			printf("client puit(离开)..\n");
			close(sock);
			break;
		}
	}
	printf("connect end ...Please wait...连接结束\n");
}

int main (int argc, char** argv)
{
	if(argc != 3)
	{
		printf("需要：%s ip地址 port端口\n", argv[0]);
		exit(1);
	}
	int listen_sock = startup(argv[1], atoi(argv[2]));//监听套接字
	struct sockaddr_in peer;//接受客户端地址和端口号
	for(;;)
	{
		socklen_t len = sizeof(peer);
		int new_sock = accept(listen_sock, (struct sockaddr*)&peer, &len);//接受连接
		if(new_sock < 0)
		{
			printf("connect error 连接失败\n");
			continue;
		}
		char buf[32];
		memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
		inet_ntop(AF_INET, &peer.sin_addr, buf, sizeof(buf));
		printf("connect success, ip is:%s, port is:%d\n", buf, (ntohs(peer.sin_port)));

		service(new_sock, buf, ntohs(peer.sin_port));//服务器端执行操作
		close(new_sock);
	}
	close(listen_sock);
	return 0;


}